Lyndon Emsley

Lyndon Emsley

Emsley in 2014
Born David Lyndon Emsley
(1964-11-29) 29 November 1964
Durham, England
Residence Lausanne, Switzerland
Nationality British
Fields Solid-state chemistry, spectroscopy
Institutions École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
Alma mater
Doctoral advisor Geoffrey Bodenhausen
Notable awards
  • FRSC (2015)[1]
  • Member of the Academia Europaea (2013)[2]
Website
lrm.epfl.ch/emsley

David Lyndon Emsley FRSC (born 29 November 1964) is a British chemist specialising in solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance. He was awarded the 2012 Grand Prix Charles-Leopold Mayer of the French Académie des Sciences and the 2015 Bourke Award of the Royal Society of Chemistry.[4]

He was an editorial board member of the journal Magnetic Resonance in Chemistry from 2008–10. He is a member of the Editorial Advisory Board of ChemPhysChem[5] and Solid State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. He is an associate editor of the Journal of the American Chemical Society.

Birth and education

Emsley is the son of professor James Emsley, of the University of Southampton.[6] The younger Emsley received his Master of Science in chemistry from the Imperial College of Science and Technology in 1986 and received his Ph.D. from the Université de Lausanne in 1991 under the direction of Geoffrey Bodenhausen[7] working with NMR spectroscopy of solutions. Before beginning his Ph.D., he had worked more than one year in Great Britain at a firm specializing in intellectual property law.[8]

Career

Emsley began his postdoctoral research at the Miller Institute for Basic Research in Science (University of California, Berkeley), where he was introduced to solid-state NMR working with Alexander Pines. In 1993 he moved to the French National Laboratory for Atomic Energy Research in Grenoble, where he worked as a post-doc with Claude Roby and Michel Bardet.[8]

In October 1994 he was appointed to a Professorship (Professeur associé) at the Ecole normale supérieure in Lyon, and became Full Professor in 1995. In Lyon he was the head of the Experimental Chemistry Laboratory from 1999 to 2002, and director of the Chemistry Department from 2006 to 2014. In 2002 he became a member of the Institut Universitaire de France.[9]

The newly completed ISA area in August 2012; the CRMN building is on the left

In 2003 Emsley was appointed as project leader for the creation in Villeurbanne of the Centre Européen de Résonance Magnétique Nucléaire à Très Hauts Champs (CRMN, European Laboratory for Very High Field NMR), which was the first step in launching the forthcoming Institute of Analytical Sciences (ISA). The building of the new laboratory was completed in 2008.[4]

Since 2011, he has been an Associate Editor of the Journal of the American Chemical Society.[10]

In 2012 he was promoted to Senior Member of the Institut Universitaire de France.[9]

In June 2014 he moved to the EPFL as a Professor of Physical Chemistry,[11] where he is currently director of the Laboratoire de résonance magnétique of the ISIC (Institute of chemical sciences and engineering).[4]

In 2015 he received the Bourke award "for the development of experimental methods that have transformed the field of solid-state NMR and enabled new applications across chemistry".[4]

Research

Emsley's main research field is solid-state NMR spectroscopy, specifically the development of new spectroscopic methods for the determination the atomic-level structure, the dynamics and the reactivity of a wide range of materials and molecular systems, that have been inaccessible with other analytical methods.[11][12]

He published articles in NMR crystallography,[13] structural biology, protein dynamics,[14][15] dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) enhanced surface NMR spectroscopy and MRI.[16][17]

His work involves several collaborations with the Bruker Corporation. In 2010, under his supervision as Scientific Director, the CRMN acquired and began using the world's most powerful currently operating NMR spectrometer, which breaks the billion-hertz barrier.[6][18] CRMN was also one of the first laboratories in the world to install a high field (800 MHz proton resonant frequency) solid state DNP accessory.[19]

Solid-state NMR sequences

Emsley worked with colleague Anne Lesage to introduce new through-bond carbon-proton correlation techniques in CP-MAS NMR, namely the MAS-J-HSQC and MAS-J-HMQC experiments, both used to improve resolution of two-dimensional heteronuclear correlation spectra through bond homonuclear correlations with the refocused INADEQUATE experiment in solids. They showed also the feasibility of ssNMR spectral editing techniques making use of heteronuclear scalar couplings.[20]

These implementations paved the way to the spectral characterization of solid samples at natural isotopic abundance, in a manner similar to liquid-state NMR.[20]

It was therefore possible use scalar couplings to probe weak bonding interactions in solids and provide the first ever direct detection of an hydrogen bond in the solid-state,[21] as well as the first experimental demonstration of the presence of agostic interactions in surface species, indicated by carbenic .

His team also introduced a theoretical framework for the application of continuously phase modulated radio-frequency pulses for homonuclear decoupling in solid-state NMR, allowing new families of decoupling sequences.[22] This allowed them to obtain high-resolution proton spectra in solids.[23] a key step for three-dimensional structure determination of organic and inorganic materials at natural isotopic abundance.

NMR Crystallography

The improvements in the area of proton ssNMR, specifically homonuclear decoupling, set the field for the development of NMR Crystallography.[24]

Contrary to X-ray, single crystals are not necessary with ssNMR and structural information can be obtained from high-resolution spectra of disordered solids.[25]

In 2009 Emsley's group showed the possibility of total structure determination of drug-sized organic molecules through the combination of density functional theory and solid-state NMR.[13][26]

Surface catalysis

Emsley and co-workers have shown that multi-dimensional solid state NMR can be exploited to chemically and structurally characterize catalytic surface species at a molecular level, such as reaction intermediates and catalytic centres of heterogeneous catalysts.[27]

DNP-enhanced surface NMR spectroscopy

In the field of surface chemistry, Emsley and co-workers introduced a new approach in the characterization of surfaces thorugh ssNMR, called Surface Enhanced NMR Spectroscopy (SENS). Some systems on various support materials of great chemical interest are below the sensitivity limit of detection for the technique, but such low detection limit can be boosted using DNP, coupled with isotopic labeling and high magnetic fields. This approach enhances surface NMR signals allowing the analysis of near-surface species or materials with surface areas three orders of magnitude lower than before (around 1 m2/g, instead of 1000 m2/g).[28]

Through DNP, transfer of polarization and relevant signal enhancement can occur from the protons of the solvent batch to the rarer nuclei at natural isotopic abundance on the surface framework, including species covalently bonded to the latter one.[29]

Thanks to the description of physicochemically distinct adsorption interactions, new insights can also be offered in hydratation phenomena.[30]

Paramagnetic systems

Another subject concerns the study of paramagnetic systems, such as 4Fe-4S,[31] high spin Fe(II) catalyst, lanthanide-containing complexes or paramagnetic centers in proteins, with specific attention to the development of NMR methods specifically aimed at paramagnetic solids.

Solid-state NMR of proteins and bioaggregates

The CRMN was one of the groups developing tools and protocols for the structural and dynamic characterization of proteins in solid phase, including preparations of micro-crystalline samples, role of solvent,[32] paramagnetic systems and sequential assignment,[33] with a progressive introduction thanks to ultra-fast MAS of direct proton acquisition mimicking the sequences used for liquid NMR spectra.[34]

In collaboration with Martin Blackledge his team published some of the first ssNMR methods for the characterization of atom-specific dynamics in biosolids and its relation with solvent behaviour and function, providing detailed insight about the hierarchy of motions in proteins with the increase of temperature.[35][36]

Whole organism NMR

With Laurent Ségalat Emsley showed on the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans the possibility to use ssNMR on a whole organism for the understanding of its metabolic pattern and the influence of drug assumption or genetic modifications.[37]

Honours and awards

Patents

References

  1. 1 2 "Fellows (FRSC)". The Times. 27 October 2015. p. 57.
  2. ↑ "Lyndon Emsley nommé membre de l'Academia Europaea" (in French). École normale supérieure de Lyon. 23 October 2013. Retrieved 4 January 2016.
  3. ↑ "Our 2015 award winners". Royal Society of Chemistry. Retrieved 21 October 2015.
  4. 1 2 3 4 "Bourke Award 2015 Winner. Professor Lyndon Emsley". Royal Society of Chemistry. 2015. Retrieved 29 October 2015.
  5. ↑ Welter, Kira; Geldeard, Lynsey; Lawrence, Kate; Heydenrych, Greta (30 December 2014). "A Bright Year for Physical Chemistry – Editorial Board Renewal". Wiley. doi:10.1002/cphc.201402817. Retrieved 4 January 2016.
  6. 1 2 Bhattacharya, Ananyo (2010). "Chemistry: Breaking the billion-hertz barrier". Nature (463): 605–606. doi:10.1038/463605a. Retrieved 22 October 2015.
  7. ↑ "Geoffrey Bodenhausen". www.paris-en-resonance.fr. Retrieved 11 January 2016.
  8. 1 2 3 "Medailles d'argent 2005" (PDF) (in French). Centre national de la recherche scientifique. 9 October 2010. pp. 20–21. Retrieved 29 October 2015.
  9. 1 2 3 "Lyndon Emsley" (in French). Institut Universitaire de France. Retrieved 1 January 2016.
  10. ↑ "ASSOCIATE EDITORS" (PDF). Retrieved 29 October 2015.
  11. 1 2 "Nominations of EPFL professors". École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne. 25 May 2015. Retrieved 13 January 2015.
  12. ↑ Blanc,, Frédéric; Copéret, Christophe; Lesage, Anne; Lyndon, Emsley (2008). "High resolution solid state NMR spectroscopy in surface organometallic chemistry: access to molecular understanding of active sites of well-defined heterogeneous catalysts". Chem. Soc. Rev. (37): 518–526. doi:10.1039/b612793m. Lyndon and Anne have been developing new NMR methods for the study of the structure and dynamics of a wide range of solidstate compounds at the Chemistry Department of the Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon (ENS Lyon)
  13. 1 2 Robinson, Philip (26 February 2009). "Crystal clear method for identifying powders". Highlights in Chemical Technology. Retrieved 22 October 2015.
  14. ↑ "Waking proteins up from deep sleep to study their motions". 30 April 2015. Retrieved 22 October 2015.
  15. ↑ "Forscher schauten Proteinen bei der Arbeit zu". Kurier (in German). 5 January 2015. Retrieved 22 October 2015.
  16. ↑ Loumé, Lise (30 September 2014). "Imagerie médicale : vers un diagnostic à moindre risque ?". Sciences et Avenir. Retrieved 28 October 2015.
  17. ↑ Rüegg, Peter (30 September 2014). ethz, ed. "Bessere Auflösung dank Hyperpolarisation" (in German). Retrieved 3 January 2016.
  18. ↑ "Le spectromètre le plus puissant au monde" (in French). Centre national de la recherche scientifique. 9 October 2010. Retrieved 28 October 2015.
  19. ↑ Emsley, Lyndon; Lesage, Anne (2010). "Surface Enhanced NMR Spectroscopy by Dynamic Nuclear Polarisation". Retrieved 2 January 2016.
  20. 1 2 Lesage, Anne; Steuernagel, Stefan; Emsley, Lyndon (1998). "Carbon-13 Spectral Editing in Solid-State NMR Using Heteronuclear Scalar Couplings". J. Am. Chem. Soc. 120 (28): 7095–7100. doi:10.1021/ja981019t. Retrieved 1 January 2016.
  21. ↑ Brown, S. P.; Torralba, M. P.; Sanz, D.; Claramunt, R. M.; Emsley, Lyndon (January 2002). "The Direct Detection of a Hydrogen Bond in the Solid State by NMR through the Observation of a Hydrogen-Bond Mediated 15N−15N J Coupling". J. Am. Chem. Soc. 124 (7): 1152–1153. doi:10.1021/ja0172262. Retrieved 31 December 2015.
  22. ↑ Sakellariou, Dimitris; Lesage, Anne; Hodgkinson, Paul; Emsley, Lyndon (March 2000). "Homonuclear dipolar decoupling in solid-state NMR using continuous phase modulation". Chem. Phys. Lett. 319 (3–4): 253–260. doi:10.1016/S0009-2614(00)00127-5. Retrieved 26 December 2015.
  23. ↑ Lesage, Anne; Luminita, Duma; Sakellariou, Dimitris; Emsley, Lyndon (2001). "Improved Resolution in Proton NMR Spectroscopy of Powdered Solids". J. Am. Chem. Soc. 123 (24): 5747–5752. doi:10.1021/ja0039740. Retrieved 3 January 2016.
  24. ↑ Bradley, David (15 August 2005). "Crystallography by NMR". SpectroscopyNOW. Retrieved 8 January 2016.
  25. ↑ Sakellariou, Dimitris; Brown, Steven P.; Lesage, Anne; Hediger, Sabine; Bardet, Michel; Meriles, Carlos A.; Pines, Alexander; Emsley, Lyndon (2003). "High Resolution NMR Correlation Spectra of Disordered Solids". J. Am. Chem. Soc. 125 (14): 4376–4380. doi:10.1021/ja0292389. Retrieved 3 January 2016.
  26. ↑ Salager, Elodie; Stein, Robin S.; Pickard, Chris J.; Elena, Bénédicte; Emsley, Lyndon (April 2009). "Powder NMR crystallography of thymol". Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 11 (15): 2610–21. doi:10.1039/b821018g. PMID 19421517.
  27. ↑ Blanc, Frédéric; Christophe, Copéret; Lesage, Anne; Emsley, Lyndon (2008). "High resolution solid state NMR spectroscopy in surface organometallic chemistry: access to molecular understanding of active sites of well-defined heterogeneous catalysts". Acc. Chem. Res. 37 (3): 518–526. doi:10.1039/B612793M. Retrieved 7 January 2016.
  28. 1 2 "Surface Enhanced NMR Spectroscopy". European Research Council. Retrieved 29 October 2015.
  29. ↑ Lesage, Anne; Lelli, Moreno; Gajan, David; Caporini, Marc A.; Vitzthum, Veronika; Miéville, Pascal; Alauzun, Johan; Roussey, Arthur; Thieuleux, Chloé; Geoffrey, Ahmad; Bodenhausen, Geoffrey; Coperet, Christophe; Emsley, Lyndon (2010). "Surface Enhanced NMR Spectroscopy by Dynamic Nuclear Polarization". 132 (44): 15459–15461. doi:10.1021/ja104771z. Retrieved 3 January 2015.
  30. ↑ Sangodkar, Rahul P.; Smith, Benjamin J.; Gajan, David; Rossini, Aaron J.; Roberts, Lawrence R.; Funkhouser, Gary P.; Lesage, Anne; Emsley, Lyndon; Chmelka, Bradley F. "Influences of Dilute Organic Adsorbates on the Hydration of Low-Surface-Area Silicates". 137 (25): 8096–8112. doi:10.1021/jacs.5b00622. Retrieved 2 January 2015.
  31. ↑ Crozet, M.; Chaussade, M.; Bardet, M.; Emsley, L.; Lamotte, B.; Mouesca, J. M. (2000). "13 C Solid State NMR Studies on Synthetic Model Compounds of [4Fe 4S] Clusters in the 2+ State". J. Phys. Chem. A (104): 9990. Retrieved 15 December 2015.
  32. ↑ Lesage, A.; Gardiennet, C.; Loquet, A.; Verel, R.; Emsley, L.; Meier, B.H.; Böckmann, A. (July 2008). "Polarization Transfer over the Water Protein Interface in Solid Proteins". Angew. Chem. 47: 5851. doi:10.1002/anie.200801110. Retrieved 30 December 2015.
  33. ↑ Pintacuda, Guido; Giraud, Nicolas; Pierattelli, Roberta; Böckmann, Anja; Bertini, Ivano; Emsley, Lyndon (December 2006). "Solid State NMR of a Paramagnetic Protein: Assignment and Study of Human Dimeric Oxidized Cu(II),Zn(II) Superoxide Dismutase (SOD)". Angew. Chem. 46: 1079. doi:10.1002/anie.200603093. Retrieved 7 January 2016.
  34. ↑ Marchetti, Alessandro; Jehle, Stefan; Felletti, Michele; Knight, Michael J.; Wang, Yao; Xu, Zhi-Qiang; Park, Ah Young; Otting, Gottfried; Lesage, Anne; Emsley, Lyndon; Dixon, Nicholas E.; Pintacuda, Guido (July 2012). "Backbone Assignment of Fully Protonated Solid Proteins by 1H Detection and Ultrafast Magic-Angle-Spinning NMR Spectroscopy". Angew. Chem. 51 (43): 10756–10759. doi:10.1002/anie.201203124. Retrieved 7 January 2016.
  35. ↑ Lewandowski, J.; ChHalseaussade, M.E.; Blackledge, M.; Emsley, L. (May 2015). "Direct observation of hierarchical protein dynamics". Science. 348 (6234): 578–81. doi:10.1126/science.aaa6111. PMID 25931561.
  36. ↑ "Waking proteins up from deep sleep to study their motions". Phys.org. 30 April 2015. Retrieved 1 January 2016.
  37. ↑ Blaise, Benjamin J.; Giacomotto, Jean; Elena, Bénédicte; Marc-Emmanuel, Dumas; Toulhoat, Pierre; Ségalat, Laurent; Emsley, Lyndon (December 2007). "Metabotyping of Caenorhabditis elegans reveals latent phenotypes". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 104 (50): 19808–19812. doi:10.1073/pnas.0707393104. PMC 2148380Freely accessible.
  38. ↑ "Lyndon Emsley, médaille d'argent CNRS 2005" (in French). March 2006. Retrieved 1 January 2016.
  39. ↑ "Previous Award Recipients". Retrieved 1 January 2016.
  40. ↑ "Medaglia Luigi Sacconi" (in Italian). Retrieved 1 January 2016.
  41. ↑ "The ISMAR Organization". Retrieved 3 January 2016.
  42. ↑ "Honorary Members". Retrieved 7 January 2016.
  43. ↑ Konovalov, Alexey (2012). "Conference reports" (pdf). EPR newsletter. International EPR (ESR) Society. 22 (2): 18. Retrieved 29 October 2015.
  44. ↑ "L'académie des sciences distingue deux chercheurs lyonnais". Le Progrès (in French). 16 October 2012. Retrieved 23 October 2015.

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