Manchester Rusholme by-election, 1919

The Manchester Rusholme by-election, 1919 was a parliamentary by-election held in October 1919 for the British House of Commons constituency of Manchester Rusholme. The by-election was important for shaping the future Labour Party attitude to electoral relations with the Liberal Party.

Vacancy

In September 1919 the Conservative MP Robert Burdon Stoker died. He had previously represented Manchester South since March 1918. At the 1918 General election he had been in receipt of the Coalition Government coupon.

Electoral history

The seat was created for the 1918 General Election partly out of the Unionist/Liberal marginal seat of Manchester South and partly out of the Liberal seat of Stretford. The result at the last general election was;

General Election, 1918: Manchester Rusholme

^[1]

Electorate 30,421

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Conservative	Robert Burdon Stoker	12,447	66.1	n/a
	Liberal	Walter Butterworth	3,690	19.3	n/a
	Labour	Emmeline Pethick-Lawrence	2,985	15.6	n/a
Majority			8,748	45.8	n/a
Turnout				62.9	n/a
	Conservative hold		Swing	n/a

Candidates

• The Liberal party selected a new candidate in 45-year-old William Pringle, who had been Member of Parliament for North West Lanarkshire until the 1918 General election, when he had been defeated at Glasgow Springburn.
• There was speculation that Labour would not contest the election, allowing the Liberals a clear run at the Unionists. Since the general election, Lib-Lab co-operation, otherwise known as the progressive alliance had seen the two parties gain two Unionist seats each. One of Labour's leading figures, Arthur Henderson was sympathetic to such an arrangement.^[2] Henderson had himself been the beneficiary of Lib-Lab co-operation when the Liberals allowed him a straight fight with the Unionists at the Widnes by-election, 1919 a month earlier. The Widnes seat neighboured Rusholme and the Liberals had been active in support of Henderson.^[3] The local Labour party insisted on fighting the seat and on 9 September announced a new candidate Dr. Robert Dunstan from Fulham, who had been a Liberal politician up until 1917. He had contested Birmingham Moseley at the previous election.^[4]
• The Conservative party's new candidate was 32-year-old John Thorpe, who had not contested the 1918 General Election. Thorpe was the eldest son of Ven. John Henry Thorpe, Archdeacon of Macclesfield. He had trained as a barrister.
• The Conservative party also now faced a challenge from the right when the National Party intervened with first time candidate Capt. Roger Crewdson.

Campaign

The election campaign took place during the great railway strike of 1919.^[5] Dunstan, the Labour candidate, sought to appeal to the centre ground by calling for widespread abolition of economic war-time restrictions. Pringle, the Liberal candidate, came out in support of Labour's policy of a capital levy, something that was not Liberal policy. It has been suggested that this stance may have cost him votes, lost to the Unionist candidate.^[6] Pringle advocated economic retrenchment to appeal to Unionist voters and also the nationalization of the railways and mines to appeal to Labour voters.^[7]

Result

The turnout for the by-election was up on the last general election. The Unionists managed to hold the seat. Their support had fallen, but not much because of the intervention of the National Party. The Labour candidate did particularly well and pushed the Liberal candidate into third place.

William Pringle

Manchester Rusholme by-election, 1919^[8] Electorate 30,421

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Conservative	John Henry Thorpe	9,394	45.7	-20.4
	Labour	Dr. Robert Dunstan	6,412	31.2	+15.6
	Liberal	William Mather Rutherford Pringle	3,923	19.1	-0.2
	National Party	Roger Bowan Crewdson	815	4.0	n/a
Majority			2,982	14.5	-31.3
Turnout				67.5	+4.6
	Conservative hold		Swing	-18.0

The relative success of the Labour party in such a constituency encouraged them to field candidates in further Unionist/Liberal marginals rather than seek to reconstruct the Progressive Alliance.^[9]

Aftermath

Thorpe sat until his defeat to the Liberals in 1923. His son Jeremy Thorpe, became Leader of the Liberal party. Dunstan continued to be unsuccessful in his bid to enter parliament. Pringle made a successful return to the House in 1922, winning Penistone for the Liberals. Crewdson's political career ended here. The result at the following general election saw the Liberals regain second place;

General Election, 1922: Manchester Rusholme^[10] Electorate 31,225

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Conservative	John Henry Thorpe	11,765	47.9	+2.2
	Liberal	E Frederick M Sutton	6,421	26.1	+7.0
	Labour	Albert Ernest Wood	6,397	26.0	-5.2
Majority			5,344	21.8	+7.3
Turnout				77.8	+10.3
	Conservative hold		Swing	-2.4

References

1. British Parliamentary Election Results 1918-1949, compiled and edited by F.W.S. Craig (The Macmillan Press 1979)
2. The Downfall of the Liberal Party by Trevor Wilson
3. Trial By Ballot by Ivor RM Davies
4. "Labour Candidate For Rusholme." Times [London, England] 10 Sept. 1919: 7. The Times Digital Archive. Web. 5 Aug. 2014.
5. The Downfall of the Liberal Party by Trevor Wilson
6. Trial By Ballot by Ivor RM Davies
7. "Labour Candidate For Rusholme." Times [London, England] 10 Sept. 1919: 7. The Times Digital Archive. Web. 5 Aug. 2014.
8. British Parliamentary Election Results 1918-1949, compiled and edited by F.W.S. Craig (The Macmillan Press 1979)
9. Trial By Ballot by Ivor RM Davies
10. British Parliamentary Election Results 1918-1949, compiled and edited by F.W.S. Craig (The Macmillan Press 1979)