Moana (2016 film)

For other uses, see Moana.
Moana

Theatrical release poster
Directed by
Produced by Osnat Shurer
Screenplay by Jared Bush [1]
Story by
Starring
Music by
Edited by Jeff Draheim
Production
companies
Distributed by Walt Disney Studios
Motion Pictures
Release dates
  • November 14, 2016 (2016-11-14) (AFI Fest)[2]
  • November 23, 2016 (2016-11-23) (United States)
Running time
 103 minutes[3]
Country United States
Language English
Budget $150 million[4][5]
Box office $177.4 million[6]

Moana is a 2016 American 3D computer-animated musical fantasy adventure film produced by Walt Disney Animation Studios and released by Walt Disney Pictures. It is the 56th Disney animated feature film classic. The film is directed by Ron Clements and John Musker,[7] and co-directed by Don Hall and Chris Williams.[8][9] The film features music written by Lin-Manuel Miranda, Opetaia Foa'i and Mark Mancina.[10]

Featuring the voices of Auli'i Cravalho, Dwayne Johnson, Rachel House, Temuera Morrison, Jemaine Clement, Nicole Scherzinger and Alan Tudyk, the film tells the story of Moana, the strong-willed daughter of the chief of a Polynesian tribe, who is chosen by the ocean itself to reunite a mystical relic with a goddess. When a blight strikes her island, Moana sets sail in search of Maui, a legendary demigod, in hopes to save her people.

Moana was released theatrically in the United States on November 23, 2016, received near-universal critical acclaim, and to date has grossed $177 million worldwide.

Plot

In the beginning, there was only ocean. Then Te Fiti, an island goddess, emerged. Te Fiti's heart, a small pounamu stone, possessed the power to create life. It was stolen by the demigod Maui, who was planning to give it to humanity as a gift. But the lava demon Te Kā confronted him, causing the heart to become lost in the ocean along with Maui's magical fishhook.

A millennium later, Moana Waialiki, the daughter and heir of a chief on the small Polynesian island of Motunui, is chosen by the ocean to receive the heart as she is collecting shells on the shore. Her father, Chief Tui, insists the island provides everything the villagers might need, but when fish become scarce, coconuts begin to spoil, and the island's vegetation begins to die, Moana proposes going beyond the reef to find more fish. Tui angrily rejects her request, as sailing beyond the reef is forbidden. Moana's mother Sina confesses Tui fears the ocean because he lost his best friend when he attempted to sail beyond the reef.

Moana's grandmother Tala finds Moana on the beach after a failed attempt to sail past the reef and shows Moana a secret cave hidden behind a waterfall. Inside is a fleet of outrigger sailing canoes, revealing that the island's ancestors were seafaring voyagers. Tala gives Moana the heart of Te Fiti, which she has kept safe for her granddaughter ever since she was chosen by the ocean, and shows her that the darkness unleashed by Maui's theft is now consuming the island.

Tala suddenly falls ill and with her dying breaths tells Moana to set sail. Moana departs to find Maui with her pet rooster Heihei, who has accidentally stowed away on the sailboat. A manta ray, implied to be Tala's reincarnation, follows Moana. Moana follows a constellation that looks like Maui's fishhook, but a huge wave caused by a typhoon flips her sailboat and knocks her unconscious. She wakes up the next morning on a small island inhabited by Maui, who distracts Moana by boasting of his exploits, traps her in a cave and steals her sailboat. After escaping the cave, Moana tries to convince Maui to return the heart, but Maui refuses, fearing other dark creatures will be attracted to its power.

Pygmy pirates called Kakamora surround the boat and manage to steal the heart, but Maui is able to get their massive sailboats to collide just as Moana retrieves the heart. Maui agrees to help bring the heart back to Te Fiti, but in order to do so, he needs his hook, which is hidden in the Realm of Monsters and held by a giant coconut crab named Tamatoa. The two journey to the Realm, where they manage to retrieve the hook by tricking Tamatoa into singing of his glamour. Back on the sailboat, Maui teaches Moana how to sail and to navigate by the stars and, with Moana's encouragement, reacquaints himself with the transformational powers of his magical hook. Moana learns that Maui was a human raised by gods after being abandoned by his parents.

They arrive at Te Fiti, where Te Kā appears and tries to destroy them. Maui tries to fight back, but Te Kā is too strong and he tells Moana to turn back. She ignores him, believing that they can use Te Kā's aversion to water to their advantage, and Te Kā severely damages Maui's hook and repels their boat out to sea. Maui leaves Moana stranded, fearing that going back to fight Te Kā will permanently destroy his hook. He tells her that the ocean chose the wrong person to save her people.

Moana, distraught at her failure, begs the ocean to take the heart and choose another person to return it to Te Fiti. The spirit of Tala appears and encourages Moana to find her true calling within herself. Moana swims down to retrieve the heart, returns to Te Fiti, and gets past Te Kā to return the heart. Maui, having had a change of heart, returns to distract Te Kā, though his hook is destroyed in the battle. Moana, reaching the top of the mountain, realizes that the island is gone and that Te Kā is actually Te Fiti without her heart. Moana asks the ocean to clear a path so Te Fiti can approach her. Moana restores her heart, and Te Fiti grants Maui a new hook before slumbering at peace. Maui and Moana bid each other a fond farewell.

Moana returns to her island and later sets sail with the rest of the villagers in search of new islands as Maui accompanies them in his hawk form.

In a post-credits scene, Tamatoa wonders if people would care more for him if he was a Jamaican crab named Sebastian.

Voice cast

Pua's voice is provided by the use of several pigs.[16]

Production

John Musker
Ron Clements
Directors John Musker and Ron Clements presented footage from the film at the 2016 Annecy International Animated Film Festival

After directing The Princess and the Frog (2009), Clements and Musker started working on an adaptation of Terry Pratchett's Mort,[17] but problems with acquiring the necessary film rights prevented them from continuing with that project. To avoid a recurrence of that issue, they pitched three original ideas.[18] The genesis of one of those ideas (the one that was ultimately green-lighted) occurred in 2011, when Musker began reading up on Polynesian mythology, and learned of the heroic exploits of the demigod Maui. Intrigued with the rich culture, he felt it would be suitable for an animated film. Shortly thereafter, Musker and Clements wrote a treatment and pitched it to John Lasseter, who recommended that both of them should go on research trips.[19][20] Accordingly, in 2012, Clements and Musker went on research trips to Fiji, Samoa, and Tahiti to meet the people of the South Pacific and learn about their culture.[7] Over the five years it took to develop and produce the film, Clements and Musker recruited experts from across the South Pacific to form an Oceanic Story Trust, who consulted on the film's cultural accuracy and sensitivity as its story evolved through nine different versions.[21]

Writing

Taika Waititi wrote the initial screenplay.[22] The first draft focused on Moana as the sole daughter in a family with "five or six brothers,"[23] in which gender played into the story. However, the brothers and gender-based theme were deleted from the story, in which the directors favored for Moana's journey to be about finding herself.[20] A subsequent draft had Moana's father as the one who wanted to resume navigation, but it was rewritten to have him oppose navigation so it would have not overshadow Moana.[20] Instead, Pamela Ribon came up with the idea of a grandmother character for the film,[24] who would serve as the mentor tied to the ancient traditions.[23] Another version focused on Moana rescuing her father, who had been lost at sea.[25] The story changed drastically during the development phase (which happens with most Disney films), and the original idea ultimately survived only as a subtle element of the father's backstory.[25] Aaron and Jordan Kandell came onto the project during a critical period to deepen the emotional story architecture of the film. They are credited with developing the core relationship between Moana and Maui, the prologue, the Cave of the Wayfinders, the Kakamora, and the collector crab Tamatoa (played by Jemaine Clement).[26] Jared Bush received sole credit as the writer of the final version of the screenplay.

As with most Disney and Pixar animated films, several major story problems were identified in 2015 only after the film had already transitioned from development into production, but computer-generated films tend to have much shorter production schedules and much larger animation teams (in this case, about 90 animators) than traditionally-animated films.[25] Since Clements and Musker were already working 12-hour days (and Saturdays) directing such a large team of animators, Hall and Williams (who had just finished directing Big Hero 6) came onboard as co-directors to help fix the film's story issues.[25] The scene in which Maui and Moana encounter the Kakamora is an intentional homage to Mad Max: Fury Road.[25]

Casting

After the filmmakers sat through auditions of hundreds of candidates from across the Pacific,[7] 14-year-old high school freshman Auli'i Cravalho was cast as the lead character Moana, a young girl who sets sail to find Maui and save her island.[27][28] At that point in time, the design of Moana's face and personality was already complete, and Cravalho's obvious physical resemblance to her character was simply a coincidence.[29] During animation production, Disney animators were able to integrate some of Cravalho's mannerisms into Moana's behavior as depicted onscreen.[29]

Animation

Moana is Clements and Musker's first fully computer-animated film.[7][30] One of the reasons for using computer animation was that the environment, including the ocean, benefited much more from the use of CGI as opposed to a traditional animation.[31] The filmmakers have also suggested that three-dimensional computer animation is well-suited to the "beautiful sculpturing" of the faces of the people of the South Pacific.[32] In early development, the film was originally supposed to be made hand-drawn, but only a few animation tests were made. In the final cut[33] only Maui's tattoos are hand-drawn.[34] [35]

Eric Goldberg worked on the hand-drawn animation used to depict Maui's sentient tattoos.[36][37] The film features music by Opetaia Foa'i, Mark Mancina, and Lin-Manuel Miranda.[38]

Music

Moana (Deluxe Edition Soundtrack)
Soundtrack album by Various artists
Released November 18, 2016 (2016-11-18)
Recorded 2016
Studio

Eastwood Scoring Stage, Warner Bros., Los Angeles (score)

Elbo Studios, Avatar Studios, The Hit Factory, NRG Recording Studios, Red Horse Studios, University of the South Pacific
Genre
Label Walt Disney
Producer
Walt Disney Animation Studios chronology
Zootopia
(2016)		 Moana
(2016)		 Wreck-It Ralph 2
(2018)
Mark Mancina chronology
Planes: Fire & Rescue
(2014)		 Moana
(2016)

The film's soundtrack was released by Walt Disney Records on November 18, 2016. The songs are written by Opetaia Foa'i, Mark Mancina, and Lin-Manuel Miranda, while the score is written by Mancina.[39] The lyrics are in English and the Tokelauan language.[40] The soundtrack peaked at number five on the Billboard 200.[41]

Track listing

All music composed by Lin-Manuel Miranda, Opetaia Foa'i and Mark Mancina (Tracks 1–14), Mark Mancina (Tracks 15–40).

All music composed by Lin-Manuel Miranda, Opetaia Foa'i and Mark Mancina (Tracks 1–7, 18, and 19), Mark Mancina (Tracks 8–17).

Release

On October 20, 2014, Walt Disney Pictures announced that it would be releasing the film in late 2016,[42] and hinted that it might be the November 23, 2016 release window previously announced by the studio in March 2014 for a then-untitled film.[43] In November 2014, Disney confirmed that it would be releasing the film on November 23, 2016.[44] The film is accompanied by the new short film, Inner Workings.[45] The film held its world premiere at the El Capitan Theatre in Los Angeles on November 14, 2016.[46]

The picture will be titled Vaiana in many European countries following a trademark conflict.[47] The picture will be titled Oceania in Italy, while the name of the protagonist will be Vaiana in lieu of Moana, presumably to avoid confusion with an Italian porn star of the same name, Moana Pozzi.[48]

On October 25, 2016, at a press conference in Pape’ete, it was announced that the film will be the first motion picture to be fully dubbed in the Tahitian language.[49] This marks the third time Disney has released a special dubbing dedicated to the culture which inspired the film: the first case was The Lion King (1994), for which the directors travelled to South Africa to cast voice actors for a Zulu-dubbed version;[50] and the second case was Mulan (1998), which was the first Disney film to have a Mandarin Chinese dubbing made in China, separate from and independent of the version released in Taiwan.[51]

Disney India chose popular Indian music composer Bappi Lahiri to voice the character of Tamatoa in the Hindi-dubbed version of the film for release in India.[52][53]

Reception

Box office

As of December 4, 2016, Moana has grossed $119.9 million in the USA & Canada and $57.5 million in other countries, for a worldwide total of $177.4 million against a budget of $150 million.[6]

North America

In the United States, Moana was released during the lucrative Thanksgiving weekend. The film played in 3,875 theaters of which a majority of them (80%) was screened in 3D. It also played in 50 premium large format screens and more than 400 D-Box screens. It was projected to take in around $50 million in three days, with $75–85 million in five days (some estimates going as high as $90 million).[54][55][56] Deadline.com said the numbers were good for the original Disney film and marks a great rebound for the company in the wake of Pixar's The Good Dinosaur the previous year, which made $55 million over five days off a production budget of $175–200 million. The biggest threat to Moana's opening was Warner Bros.' spin-off Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them, which was projected to make around the same amount in its second weekend.[57]

It made $2.6 million from Tuesday paid previews which began at 7 p.m., the highest for a Walt Disney Animation Studios film and for a non-Pixar Disney animated film.[58][59] On its opening day, it made $15.5 million, a new record for a Walt Disney Animation Studios film opening on Wednesday (breaking Frozen's record) and the biggest opening day ever for a film released on pre-Thanksgiving day.[60][61] On Thanksgiving Day, it earned $9.9 million, a decrease of 36% from its previous day.[62] On Black Friday—the highest-grossing day of the Thanksgiving stretch—it made $21.8 million, a 127% increase from the day before.[63] Through Sunday, the film posted a three-day opening weekend worth $56.6 million over its Friday-to-Sunday debut and $82.1 million from Wednesday to Sunday, the second biggest five-day Thanksgiving opening[64] (behind Frozen) and the third biggest three-day Thanksgiving opening[65] (behind Frozen and Toy Story 2), dethroning Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them off the top spot. Among all films that didn't necessarily opened in this weekend but may have played, Moana ranks sixth among three-day[66] weekends and fifth among five-day[67] weekends.[68]

The film's opening was considered a success and another animated success for the studio after Zootopia and Pixar's Finding Dory posted huge openings, respectively, the same year in March and June.[69] The film's critical acclaimed reviews, an "A" CinemaScore from audiences, Dwayne Johnson's involvement and star power (who has close to 140 million followers/fans across major social media platforms like Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter), award winner Lin-Manuel Miranda's well-received soundtrack as well as his presence and star power, release date, global marketing success and the film's multi-generational appeal were some of the factors that determined the film's robust opening.[70][69] 72% of the audience were families, while 36% watched it in 3D.[69]

Outside North America

Internationally, the film earned $17.2 million in its first weekend from 12 markets, a bulk of which came from China.[68] In China, the film had a mediocre opening day with just $1.9 million from 38,000 screenings. However, it enjoyed a big weekend bump on Saturday—even though its screens dipped—and Sunday.[71] In total, it scored an opening weekend of $12.3 million, the second best for a Disney animated title, behind only Zootopia. It was No. 2 behind Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them. Disney believes the film has a long way to go in the Middle Kingdom, although the market is jam packed with new films released every weekend (including 6 titles next week). Nevertheless, strong social media numbers showed among the highest the studio has seen there. Similar to how Zootopia started off slow and later became a blockbuster phenomenon, the company is expecting the same for Moana. Deadline.com pointed out that this will be down to local marketing and partnerships in order for the film to continue finding audiences and building momentum.[72] Rollout will continue in notably in France, Spain, the UK, Russia and Mexico; followed by Germany, Italy and Australia later in December; Brazil and Korea in January; and then Japan on March 10, as any other previous Disney release pattern.[72]

Critical response

Moana has received widespread critical acclaim. On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 97% based on 169 reviews and an average rating of 7.8/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "With a title character as three-dimensional as its lush animation and a story that adds fresh depth to Disney's time-tested formula, Moana is truly a family-friendly adventure for the ages."[73] On Metacritic, the film holds a normalized score of 81 out of 100 based on 43 critics, indicating "universal acclaim."[74] Audiences surveyed by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A" on a scale ranging from A+ to F.[75]

Writing for Roger Ebert's website, Christy Lemire gave the film three-and-a-half stars out of four, writing "Moana would have been enormously entertaining regardless of when it came out, but its arrival at this particular moment in history gives it an added sense of significance—as well as inspiration." Joe Morgenstern of The Wall Street Journal proclaimed that "Moana is beautiful in more ways than I can tell, thanks to the brilliance of more animators than I could count."[76]

Steve Pulaski of Influx Magazine gave the film an A–, saying "Disney's Moana sits comfortably alongside Zootopia and Finding Dory as one of the finest animated pictures of the year, but usurps them as the most attractive, visually dazzling picture of the year. The film is an immaculately detailed, visual marvel, with background and foreground elements like water and forestry, that normal moviegoers take for granted, protrude out and force you to notice them like never before."[77]

Animator Eric Goldberg received praise from critics and audiences for his hand-drawn animation of Maui's tattoos, which they claimed "stole the show" from the actual CGI-animated motion picture.[78][79][80]

Criticism

Conversely, Disney’s Moana has received some criticism. The criticism seems to be primarily within the Oceanic region. Socio-cultural anthropologist, Tevita O Kaili said that "despite its important girl-power message, the film had a major flaw. It lacked symmetry by its omission of a heroic goddess. Disney resorted to reducing the mighty god Māui to a one-dimensional, selfish, borderline abusive, buffoon to foreground the strength of the movie’s protagonist Moana."[80] He goes on to explain that, "the omission of a goddess-heroine is significant because Polynesia is a culture with a vast pantheon of powerful heroic goddesses. Hina, a companion goddess to the god Māui, was nowhere to be found in Disneyʼs imagineering of Moana." [81] Indigenous cultural practitioner and blogger, The Non-Plastic Maori criticized the involvement of Taika Waititi in writing an early draft of the film.[82] The Fiji Times newspaper journalist Ana Madigibuli reported that Disney may have used the Korova Camakau without permission of the Korova community."[83] Aotearoa/New Zealand poet Karlo Mila took issue with the depiction of Maui in the film, declaring Maui to be Disney's version of Shrek.[84] The film has also been criticized for perpetuating stereotypes of Polynesians by depicting Maui as overweight.[85] In addition, a costume made to tie in with the film was pulled by Disney from its online store following complaints about it being culturally insensitive.[86] On September 20, 2016, less than seven days following the release of Disney's kid costume, the company pulled multiple Maui outfits from their online store. This occurred after the items sparked outrage for appearing to promote “brownface.”[87]

Accolades

List of awards and nominations
Award Date of ceremony Category Recipient(s) Result Ref(s)
Annie Awards February 4, 2017 Best Animated Feature Moana Pending [88]
Outstanding Achievement, Animated Effects in an Animated Production Marlon West, Erin V. Ramos, Blair Pierpont, Ian J. Coony and John M. Kosnik
Outstanding Achievement, Character Design in an Animated Feature Production Bill Schwab and Jin Kim
Outstanding Achievement, Storyboarding in an Animated Feature Production Normand Lemay
Outstanding Achievement, Voice Acting in an Animated Feature Production Auli'i Cravalho
Outstanding Achievement, Editorial in an Animated Feature Production Jeff Draheim
Critics Choice Awards December 11, 2016 Best Animated Feature Moana [89]
Best Song "How Far I'll Go" – Opetaia Foa'i, Mark Mancina and Lin-Manuel Miranda
Hollywood Music in Media Awards November 17, 2016 Best Original Score – Animated Film Mark Mancina Nominated [90][91]
Best Song – Animated Film "We Know the Way" – Opetaia Foa'i, Mark Mancina and Lin-Manuel Miranda
Satellite Awards February 19, 2017 Best Animated or Mixed Media Feature Moana Pending [92]
Washington D.C. Area Film Critics Association December 5, 2016 Best Animated Feature Moana [93]
Best Voice Performance Auli'i Cravalho

References

  1. ↑ "Moana Press Kit" (PDF). wdsmediafile.com. The Walt Disney Studios. Retrieved November 23, 2016.
  2. ↑ McNary, Dave (October 25, 2016). "World Premiere of Disney's 'Moana' Set for Nov. 14 at AFI Fest". Variety. Retrieved October 25, 2016.
  3. ↑ "MOANA (PG)". British Board of Film Classification. November 15, 2016. Retrieved November 24, 2016.
  4. ↑ Brent Lang (November 21, 2016). "Thanksgiving Box Office: Disney's 'Moana' to Feast on Brad Pitt's 'Allied,' 'Bad Santa 2'". Variety. Retrieved November 22, 2016.
  5. ↑ "Will 'Moana' Slay 'Fantastic Beasts' Over The Thanksgiving Stretch?". Deadline.com.
  6. 1 2 "Moana (2016)". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved December 4, 2016.
  7. 1 2 3 4 Deitchman, Beth (Spring 2016). "Finding Her Way: Directors John Musker and Ron Clements Have Charted A Course For Their New Film, Moana, Which Sails Into Theatres In November 2016". Disney twenty-three. Burbank: Walt Disney Company. 8 (1): 32–33. ISSN 2162-5492. OCLC 698366817.
  8. ↑ Sciretta, Peter (June 29, 2016). "Disney Animation's Big Announcement Coming Tomorrow, Here's What It Could Be". /Film. Retrieved August 21, 2016.
  9. ↑ Bush, Jared (June 13, 2016). "Ron & John are directors of #Moana, @JustChris & Don Hall are the co-directors - it's a BIG movie!". Twitter. Retrieved August 21, 2016.
  10. ↑ Epstein, Adam. "Disney's "Moana" could complete Lin-Manuel Miranda's conquest of all the major awards".
  11. ↑ "Disney's 'Moana' Deluxe Soundtrack Tracklist". Stitch Kingdom. October 27, 2016.
  12. 1 2 3 4 Truitt, Brian (July 25, 2016). "'Moana' is full of colorful South Pacific personalities". USA Today. Retrieved July 25, 2016.
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  15. ↑ Rome, Emily (July 22, 2016). "Alan Tudyk revealed his 'Moana' character and gave us a sample of his voice performance". HitFix. Retrieved July 22, 2016.
  16. ↑ Keely, Flaherty (November 26, 2016). "34 Magical "Moana" Facts You Probably Don't Know". BuzzFeed. Retrieved November 27, 2016.
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  24. ↑ "Moana: Ron Clements & John Musker Official Movie Premiere Interview". YouTube. November 27, 2016.
  25. 1 2 3 4 5 Topel, Fred (21 November 2016). "Moana Directors Talk The Films Influences and Fun References". Den of Geek!. DoGTech, LLC. Retrieved 23 November 2016.
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  28. ↑ "Meet the Voice of Disney's New Princess, Moana". comingsoon.net. October 7, 2015. Retrieved October 8, 2015.
  29. 1 2 Williams, Angela. "14 Things to Know About Disney's 'Moana' Before You See It". ABCNews.com. New York: American Broadcasting Company. Retrieved 19 November 2016.
  30. ↑ Desowitz, Bill (September 30, 2013). "Immersed in Movies: John Musker Talks 'Little Mermaid' Going Blu and 'Moana'". Animation Scoop. Retrieved October 20, 2014.
  31. ↑ Kanai, Maria (October 13, 2015). "5 Things You Should Know About Disney's Moana Starring Auli'i Cravalho and Dwayne "The Rock" Johnson". Honolulu Magazine. Retrieved October 16, 2015.
  32. ↑ Dell, Brad (October 15, 2015). "'Moana': a look into Disney's upcoming Polynesian voyage". Ka Leo. Retrieved October 16, 2015.
  33. ↑ https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCeQc7DGmKH_4k3oKGHE7Wjw/videos
  34. ↑ Busch, Jenna. "D23: Interview with Moana's Dwayne Johnson and the Filmmakers". Welcome to the Legion!. Retrieved 2016-04-06.
  35. ↑ https://imperodisney.com/2016/11/14/lucca-comics-2016-the-bancroft-brothers-on-the-death-of-2d-past-and-future-of-disney-animation/
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  37. ↑ Siegemund-Broka, Austin (June 16, 2015). "Veteran Animator Eric Goldberg Joins USC Film School Faculty". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved October 8, 2015.
  38. ↑ Breznican, Anthony (August 14, 2015). "Dwayne 'The Rock' Johnson makes surprise appearance for Disney's 'Moana': 'This is my heritage'". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved October 8, 2015.
  39. ↑ "Disney's "Moana" Original Motion Picture Soundtrack Available Today" (Press release). PR Newswire. November 18, 2016. Retrieved November 18, 2016.
  40. ↑ "Tokelau Pride: Te Vaka's song for Disney's Princess Moana" (Press release). Government of Tokelau Bulletin. August 24, 2015. Retrieved November 26, 2016.
  41. ↑ Caulfield, Keith (December 4, 2016). "The Weeknd's 'Starboy' Bows at No. 1 on Billboard 200 With Third-Biggest Debut of 2016". Billboard. Retrieved December 5, 2016.
  42. ↑ "Walt Disney Animation Studios Announces 2016 Release, Moana". comingsoon.net. October 20, 2014. Retrieved October 20, 2014.
  43. ↑ "Disney Animation Unveils 'Moana' From 'Little Mermaid' Filmmakers For November 2016". deadline.com. October 20, 2014. Retrieved October 21, 2014.
  44. ↑ Yamato, Jen (November 10, 2014). "Disney Dates 2016 Animated Pics 'Zootopia' & 'Moana'". deadline.com. Retrieved November 10, 2014.
  45. ↑ Evry, Max (April 22, 2016). "Moana Footage & Inner Workings Coming to Annecy Fest". ComingSoon.net. Retrieved April 25, 2016.
  46. ↑ Flores, Terry (November 15, 2016). "'Moana' Premiere: Hollywood Transforms Into Ocean of Stars". Variety. Retrieved November 19, 2016.
  47. ↑ Ediciones El País (11 October 2015). "La princesa Moana en España se llamará Vaiana (y otros problemas de branding)". Verne. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
  48. ↑ "In Italia il nuovo film Disney si intitolerà "Oceania" e non "Moana"" (in Italian). Il Post. 3 December 2015. Retrieved December 6, 2015.
  49. ↑ "Moana to be first Disney film translated into Tahitian language". Entertainment Weekly. October 25, 2016. Retrieved November 12, 2016.
  50. ↑ "Nala". Charguigou. Retrieved 2016-11-15.
  51. ↑ "Mandarin". Charguigou. Retrieved 2016-11-21.
  52. ↑ "Moana | Bappi Lahiri as Tamatoa | In Cinemas December 2". YouTube. Retrieved 2016-12-02.
  53. ↑ "From Tamma Tamma to Tamatoa, Bappi da goes Hollywood". Bollywood Hungama. 31 October 2016. Retrieved 31 October 2016.
  54. ↑ Meriah Doty (November 21, 2016). "'Moana' to Ride Big Box Office Wave With $75 Million-Plus". The Wrap. Retrieved November 22, 2016.
  55. ↑ Pamela McClintock (November 21, 2016). "Holiday Box Office: Disney to Dominate, Can Awards Contenders Escape the Arthouse?". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved November 22, 2016.
  56. ↑ Box Office Mojo (November 22, 2016). "'Moana' Sets Sights on $80+ Million 5-Day Thanksgiving Debut". Retrieved November 23, 2016.
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  58. ↑ Anthony D'Alessandro (November 23, 2016). "'Moana' & 'Fantastic Beasts' Owning Thanksgiving Stretch – Midday B.O. Update". Deadline.com. Retrieved November 23, 2016.
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  65. ↑ Biggest 5-day Thanksgiving Openings at the Box Office. Box Office Mojo. Retrieved November 28, 2016.
  66. ↑ Biggest 3-day Thanksgiving Weekends at the Box Office. Box Office Mojo. Retrieved November 28, 2016.
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