Oruro, Bolivia

Oruro
Uru Uru

Flag
Coat of arms
Oruro

Location within Bolivia

Coordinates: 17°58′S 67°07′W / 17.967°S 67.117°W / -17.967; -67.117
Country  Bolivia
Department Oruro Department
Province Cercado Province
Founded November 1, 1606
Government
 • Mayor Rossío Pimentel
Area
 • Total 1,633 km2 (631 sq mi)
Elevation 3,735 m (12,254 ft)
Population (2012)
 • Total 264,700
 • Density 160/km2 (420/sq mi)
Time zone UTC-4
Website Official website

Oruro (Hispanicized spelling) or Uru Uru[1] is a city in Bolivia with a population of 264,683 (2012 calculation),[2] located about equidistant between La Paz and Sucre at approximately 3709 meters above sea level. It is the fifth-largest city in Bolivia by population, after Santa Cruz de la Sierra, El Alto, La Paz, and Cochabamba. It is the capital of the department of Oruro. The city is also the seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Oruro. Oruro is subject to cycles of boom and bust owing to its dependence upon the mining industry, notably tin, tungsten (wolfram), silver and copper.

History

The city was first founded on November 1, 1606 by Don Manuel Castro de Padilla. as a silver-mining center in the Urus region. At the time it was named Real Villa de San Felipe de Austria, after the Spanish monarch Philip III. It was eventually abandoned as the silver mines became exhausted. Oruro was reestablished in the late nineteenth century as a tin mining center,[3] Oruro being named after the native tribe "Uru-Uru". For a time, the La Salvadora tin mine was the most important source of tin in the world. Gradually, this resource became less plentiful, and Oruro again went into a decline, although its primary employer is still the mining industry.[3]

Economy

While traditionally based upon mining, and beginning in the late 20th century additionally supported by tourism, the economy of Oruro grew in the early 21st century by utilizing its economic connections to Chile, and transport by road through Chile to the Pacific port of Iquique, to open new connections to external markets, as well as utilizing the existing rail connection through Uyuni to the port at Antofagasta, Chile.[4] In addition, thanks to increased road building, it acted as a way station on the overland route of goods from the Atlantic port of Santos, Brazil, through Puerto Suárez and Santa Cruz to La Paz.[5]

Culture and education

Despite its economic decline, the city still manages to attract tourists to its carnival, the Carnaval de Oruro, considered one of the great folkloric events in South America for its masked "diablada"[6] and Anata.[7]

Carnaval de Oruro 2007

The Oruro Symphony Orchestra is based in Oruro. Aymara painter and printmaker Alejandro Mario Yllanes (1913–1960) was born here.[8]

The Universidad Técnica de Oruro, noted for its engineering school, is located in Oruro.[9]

Climate

Poopó Lake

Oruro lies north of the salty lakes Uru Uru and Poopó and it is just three hours (by bus) from La Paz. Located at an altitude of 3709 meters above sea level, Oruro its well known for its cold weather. Warmer temperatures generally take place during August, September and October, after the worst of the winter chills and before the summer rains. From May to early July, night time temperatures combined with cool wind can bring the temperature down to about -20 °C. Summers are warmer, but despite the fact of being an arid area, there's quite a lot of rainfall between November and March. The Köppen Climate System describes the climate as Tropical and Subtropical Steppe, abbreviated BSk.[10] Due to the warm days and dry winters, snow is not a frequent occurrence as much as the bitter cold (especially at night); however flurries can fall usually once every few years, most recently July 4, 2015.[11] The other three most recent snowfalls were those of 13 June 2013,[12] 1 September 2010 (with accumulation),[13] as well as one in 2008. Thus, it is definitely not rare for snow to fall in Oruro, though it may be uncommon and does not occur in the majority of years.

Climate data for Oruro
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average high °C (°F) 16
(61)		 15
(59)		 16
(61)		 16
(61)		 16
(61)		 15
(59)		 15
(59)		 16
(61)		 17
(63)		 19
(66)		 19
(66)		 17
(63)		 16.4
(61.7)
Average low °C (°F) 3
(37)		 2
(36)		 2
(36)		 0
(32)		 −3
(27)		 −6
(21)		 −5
(23)		 −4
(25)		 −1
(30)		 0
(32)		 2
(36)		 3
(37)		 −0.6
(31)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 94
(3.7)		 84
(3.3)		 51
(2.0)		 15
(0.6)		 5
(0.2)		 3
(0.1)		 3
(0.1)		 10
(0.4)		 15
(0.6)		 15
(0.6)		 33
(1.3)		 64
(2.5)		 392
(15.4)
Source: Weatherbase [14]

Main attractions

Education

The area once had a German school, Deutsche Schule Oruro.[15]

Twin Cities

See also

References

  1. ↑ Yaticha Kamani / Ministerio de Educación, Aymara aru thakhinchawi, Chuqi Yapu 2011
  2. ↑ World Gazetteer
  3. 1 2 "Oruro: History". Lonely Planet.
  4. ↑ Ancalle, Milka Ruth Cayoja (2012). Oruro Como Centro Estratégico Comercial Internacional de Bolivia: Competitividad y Consecuencias del Proceso (PDF). (Master's Thesis, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile). Institute of Urban and Regional Studies, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile. Archived (PDF) from the original on 8 February 2014.
  5. ↑ Ancalle 2012, p. 27
  6. ↑ Kartomi, Margaret Joy & Blum, Stephen (1994). Music-Cultures In Contact: Convergences And Collisions. Basel, Switzerland: Gordon and Breach. p. 63. ISBN 978-2-88449-137-2.
  7. ↑ Knowing Differently: The Challenge of the IndigenousG. N. Devy, Geoffrey V. Davis, K. K. Chakravarty - 1317325680 2015 "The Anata is a festivity celebrated since the early 1990s in the city of Oruro, but it is linked to preHispanic agricultural practices in the rural highlands related to fertility. The most public expression of the Anata in Oruro is a danced parade that is ..."
  8. ↑ Raynor, Vivien. ART; Works by a Vanished Bolivian Painter. New York Times. 5 April 1992 (retrieved 2 May 2009)
  9. ↑ "Official Facultad Nacional de Ingeniería (National Engineering School) webpage" (in Spanish).
  10. ↑ Climate Summary for Oruro, Bolivia
  11. ↑ "La Paz, El Alto y Oruro se visten de blanco por densa nevada". Periodico del Estado Nacional de Bolivia CAMBIO.
  12. ↑ "Después de tres años nevó en la ciudad de Oruro". La Patria.
  13. ↑ "Nieve, nubosidad y lluvia primaron en la última jornada". La Patria.
  14. ↑ "Weatherbase: Historical Weather for Oruro". Weatherbase. 2011. Retrieved on November 24, 2011.
  15. ↑ "Deutscher Bundestag 4. Wahlperiode Drucksache IV/3672" (Archived 2016-03-12 at WebCite). Bundestag (West Germany). 23 June 1965. Retrieved on 12 March 2016. p. 18/51.
  16. ↑ http://www.sister-cities.org/interactive-map/Salt%20Lake%20City,%20Utah
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Oruro.
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Oruro.

Coordinates: 17°58′S 67°07′W / 17.967°S 67.117°W / -17.967; -67.117

This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the 11/19/2016. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.