Oyez

This article is about the Anglo-Norman word still used as a tradition in law. For the website, see Oyez.org. For the type of judicial commission, see Oyer and terminer.

Oyez (/oʊˈjɛz/, /oʊˈjeɪ/, /oʊˈjɛs/, more rarely with the word stress at the beginning) is a traditional interjection said two or three times in succession to introduce the opening of a court of law, especially in Great Britain. The interjection is also traditionally used by town criers to attract the attention of the public to public proclamations.[1][2][3][4]

Until the 18th century, speaking English in an English court of law was not required and one could instead use Law French, a form of French that evolved after the Norman Conquest, when Anglo-Norman became the language of the upper classes in England. Oyez descends from the Anglo-Norman oyez, the plural imperative form of oyer, from Old French ouïr, "to hear"; thus oyez means "hear ye" and was used as a call for silence and attention. It would have been common in medieval England.[1]

The term is still in use by the Supreme Court of the United States. At the beginning of each session, the marshal of the Court (Court Crier) announces: "The Honorable, the Chief Justice and the Associate Justices of the Supreme Court of the United States. Oyez! Oyez! Oyez! All persons having business before the Honorable, the Supreme Court of the United States, are admonished to draw near and give their attention, for the Court is now sitting. God save the United States and this Honorable Court."[5][6]

The phrase is also in use in other federal courts, such as the United States Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit, United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit, United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit, the United States District Courts for the Southern District of Texas, the Eastern District of Pennsylvania, and the Eastern District of Virginia, as well as the courts of Virginia, North Carolina, and Maryland.

In addition to courts, the word, again repeated thrice, is used by the Common Crier of the City of London while he reads a proclamation dissolving Parliament from the steps of the Royal Exchange in the United Kingdom. Traditionally, a proclamation is delivered to Mansion House from the Privy Council Office, at which point it is given to the Common Crier, who proceeds to read it publicly.

See also

References

  1. 1 2 American Heritage Dictionary Archived December 24, 2013, at the Wayback Machine.
  2. ↑ http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/oyez
  3. ↑ Definition of “oyez” | Collins English Dictionary
  4. ↑ oyez - definition of oyez in English from the Oxford dictionary
  5. ↑ Court Terms & Traditions, PBS
  6. ↑ "The Court and Its Procedures". Retrieved 2014-03-25.
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