Palos Verdes Peninsula

For the mountain range on this peninsula, see Palos Verdes Hills.
Palos Verdes Peninsula, California
Sub-region of the Los Angeles metropolitan area

Aerial view of the Palos Verdes Peninsula and the Palos Verdes Hills, with Los Angeles in the distance
Country  United States of America
State  California
County Los Angeles
Time zone PST
 • Summer (DST) PDT (UTC)
Area code(s) 310, 424

The Palos Verdes Peninsula is a landform and a geographic sub-region of the Los Angeles metropolitan area, within southwestern Los Angeles County in the U.S. state of California. Located in the South Bay region, the peninsula contains a group of affluent cities in the Palos Verdes Hills, including Palos Verdes Estates, Rancho Palos Verdes, Rolling Hills and Rolling Hills Estates. The South Bay city of Torrance borders the peninsula on the north, the Pacific Ocean is on the west and south, and the Port of Los Angeles is east.

The hill cities on the peninsula are known for dramatic ocean and city views, distinguished schools,[1] extensive horse trails,[2] and expensive homes.[3]

History

American Indians

The Point Vicente Lighthouse on the Palos Verdes Peninsula and the National Register of Historic Places.

The peninsula was the homeland of the Tongva-Gabrieliño Native Americans people for thousands of years. In other areas of the Los Angeles Basin archeological sites date back 8,000 years.[4][5] Their first contact with Europeans occurred in 1542 with João Cabrilho (Juan Cabrillo). Chowigna and Suangna were two Tongva settlements of many in the peninsula area, which was also a departure point for their rancherías on the Channel Islands.

Spanish and Mexican era

In 1846 José Dolores Sepúlveda and José Loreto received a Mexican land grant from Alta California Governor Pío Pico for a parcel from the huge original 1784 Spanish land grant of Rancho San Pedro to Manuel Dominguez.[6] It was named Rancho de los Palos Verdes, or "ranch of the green sticks", which was used primarily as a cattle ranch.[7] It was also a whaling station in the mid-19th century, albeit only for a brief period.

American era

By 1882 ownership of the land had passed from the Sepulveda family through various mortgage holders to Jotham Bixby of Rancho Los Cerritos, who leased the land to Japanese farmers.[8]

Frank Vanderlip, representing a group of wealthy east coast investors, purchased 25 square miles of land on the Palos Verdes Peninsula in 1913 for $1.5 million.[9] In 1914, Vanderlip vacationed at Palos Verdes in order to recover from an illness, and he was astounded by scenery he compared to "the Sorrentine Peninsula and the Amalfi Drive." He quickly initiated development of Palos Verdes. He hired the Olmsted Brothers, the landscaping firm of John Charles Olmsted and Frederick Law Olmsted, Jr., to plan and landscape a new subdivision. The Olmsted Brothers contracted Koebig & Koebig to perform engineering work, including surveying and road planning.[10] However, the project stalled as World War I started, and Vanderlip accepted a chairmanship to the War Savings Committee in Washington, D.C. in 1916.

By 1921, Vanderlip had lost interest in overseeing development of Palos Verdes and enticed Edward Gardner Lewis to take over the project with an option to buy the property for $5 million. Lewis was an experienced developer, but lacked the capital to purchase and develop Palos Verdes. Instead, he established a real estate trust, capitalizing the project through the sale of notes which were convertible to Palos Verdes property. Under the terms of the trust, Lewis sought to raise $30 million for infrastructure improvements, effectively borrowing from investors for both the land and the improvements. He succeeded in attracting $15 million in capital, but far short of the $35 million needed. The trust dissolved and ownership of Palos Verdes reverted to Vanderlip.[11]

Vanderlip established a new real estate trust to purchase 3200 acres from his land syndicate and establish the subdivision of Palos Verdes Estates. The new trust assumed not just the land, but also the improvements made by Lewis. They were not complete, but they were substantial: many sewers, water mains, and roads; landscaping, parks, and a golf course. They opened Palos Verdes for public inspection in June 1923.[12]

Palos Verdes Estates was organized and landscaped by the Olmsted Brothers and in their planning, they dedicated a quarter of the land area to permanent open undeveloped space, giving the subdivision its unique rural characteristic and culture of scenic beauty.[13]

Commerce

The historic Mediterranean Revival style Malaga Cove Plaza, in Palos Verdes Estates

Areas of commerce include historic Mediterranean Revival style Malaga Cove Plaza, the Promenade on the Peninsula. Smaller shopping centers include the Peninsula Center, Lunada Bay Plaza and Golden Cove Plaza.

The largest peninsula commercial district is in Rolling Hills Estates, with many shopping centers including The Promenade on the Peninsula with a megaplex movie theater and an ice rink.

One of the main reasons people come to live here in the Palos Verdes area is the beautiful ocean views, coastline views and city light views enjoyed by many of the homes.

Transportation

The Palos Verdes Peninsula Transit Authority provides bus service within and to the Palos Verdes Peninsula. The Palos Verdes Peninsula is within 40 minutes of both Los Angeles International Airport and Long Beach Airport, which together provide access to most of the United States aboard all major carriers.

Education

The edge of the Palos Verdes Peninsula extending down to the Pacific Ocean.

The Palos Verdes Peninsula Unified School District has one of the highest rated API scores in California[14] and has one of the highest average SAT scores[15] and one of the highest percentage of students successfully completing the Advanced Placement exams[16] in the county. There are three high schools, Palos Verdes Peninsula High School (formerly called Rolling Hills High School), Palos Verdes High School, and Rancho Del Mar High School (located in Rolling Hills). Marymount College, a co-ed Roman Catholic four-year college is located in Rancho Palos Verdes. A private K-12 school, Chadwick School, is also located there. Rolling Hills Country Day School, adjacent to the Botanic Garden, offers a private K-8 education. In summary, there are 11 elementary schools, 3 intermediate schools, and 3 high schools located on the peninsula.

Libraries

The Peninsula is served by the Palos Verdes Library District which operates the:

Parks and recreation

Aerial view of Marineland of the Pacific, in 1965, on the Palos Verdes Peninsula.
The Trump National Golf Course.

The peninsula is frequented by runners, hikers, horseback riders, bird watchers, surfers, scuba divers, fishermen, and bicyclists. The area is home to several golf courses and country clubs. In addition, nude sunbathers formerly frequented Sacreds Cove (or "Smugglers Cove") until the city of Rancho Palos Verdes enacted a 1994 ordinance that ended such use of that beach.

The infamous Palos Verdes surf spots have been in the spotlight many times over issues of "localism". The most notorious surf spot for localism in Palos Verdes is Lunada Bay, which can hold any winter swell and has been known to rival Sunset Beach, Hawaii on a big day. Localism in Palos Verdes reached a turning point in 2001 when a civil rights lawsuit was filed after a particularly violent confrontation with Hermosa Beach surfers.[19] Surveillance cameras were placed in the surfing area but were later removed.[20] In 2016, The Coastal Commission targeted the group after "renewed reports that their un-permitted structure [built along Lunada Bay] was being used as a spot for ongoing bullying and intimidation." On July 12, 2016, City Manager Tony Dahlerbruch is recommending the removal of the illegal structure after pressure from the California Coastal Commission.[21]

The Trump National Golf Club is a Donald Trump venture with a golf course on the Ocean Trails cliffs. The 18th hole of the prior golf course fell victim to a landslide caused by a leak in the sanitary pipes underneath it. In the summer of 2006, the golf club erected a 70-foot flagpole for an American flag; critics claimed it was illegal, but the golf club was allowed to retain it after a City Council vote.[22]

The Marineland of the Pacific site near Portuguese Bend is currently home of Terranea, a luxury oceanfront resort.[23]

There are numerous nature reserves in Palos Verdes, which attribute to the area's unique natural property. Palos Verdes Estates Shoreline Preserve, Agua Amarga Reserve, and Portuguese Bend Reserve. The reserves contain coastal sage scrubs habitats, a community of fragrant and drought resistant shrubs and flowering plants. In August 2009, wildfire burned approximately 165-acres of the Portuguese Bend Reserve. As a result, in recent years, restoration has been done to reinstall native plants and animals to the area.[24]

Native plants

Native animals

Notable places

Interior of the Wayfarers Chapel.
Remains of the wrecked Greek freighter Dominator along the Palos Verdes Peninsula coastline, 1965.

Wrecks

Notable residents

Sports
Entertainment
Other

See also

Climate

According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Palos Verdes has a semi-arid climate, abbreviated "BSk" on climate maps.[29]

References

  1. ↑ "Palos Verdes Peninsula High School Profile" (PDF). Palos Verdes Peninsula School District. Retrieved 2006-10-03.
  2. ↑ "Rancho Palos Verdes Equestrian Maps". City of Rancho Palos Verdes. Retrieved 2006-10-03.
  3. ↑ "The Most Expensive Zip Codes". Forbes. Archived from the original on January 24, 2007. Retrieved 2006-10-03.
  4. ↑ laokay: History of Rancho Los Encinos. accessed 8/20/2010
  5. ↑ USA Today article access date: 5/22/2010.
  6. ↑ Diseño del Rancho de los Palos Verdes
  7. ↑ Ogden Hoffman, 1862, Reports of Land Cases Determined in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California, Numa Hubert, San Francisco
  8. ↑ Gnerre, Sam (March 2, 2010). "Bixby Ranch". South Bay History. South Bay Daily Breeze. Retrieved 12 June 2015.
  9. ↑ Robert M. Fogelson (2005). Bourgeois Nightmares: suburbia, 1870-1930 New Haven: Yale University Press, p.5-6.
  10. ↑ Robert M. Fogelson (2005). Bourgeois Nightmares: suburbia, 1870-1930 New Haven: Yale University Press, p.6-8.
  11. ↑ Robert M. Fogelson (2005). Bourgeois Nightmares: suburbia, 1870-1930 New Haven: Yale University Press, p.8-10.
  12. ↑ Robert M. Fogelson (2005). Bourgeois Nightmares: suburbia, 1870-1930 New Haven: Yale University Press, p.10
  13. ↑ Pvestates.org
  14. ↑ "Palos Verdes Local Educational Agency Report". California Department of Education. Retrieved 2006-10-03.
  15. ↑ "School Wise Press School Snapshot: Palos Verdes Peninsula High School". School Wise Press. Archived from the original on 2006-10-24. Retrieved 2006-10-03.
  16. ↑ "SAT, ACT and AP Test Results in California". California Department of Education. Retrieved 2006-10-03.
  17. ↑ South Coast Botanic Garden
  18. ↑ "Facilities". www.rpvca.gov. Rancho Palos Verde City Hall. Retrieved 28 July 2016.
  19. ↑ Swellmagnet.com
  20. ↑ Austlii.edu.au
  21. ↑ Therolf, Garrett. "Surfer gang's Lunada Bay 'fort' must go, city staff says". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 28 July 2016.
  22. ↑ Washingtonpost.com
  23. ↑ Terranea.com
  24. ↑ Conservancy, Palos Verdes Peninsula Land. "Lands: Palos Verdes Nature Preserve - Portuguese Bend Reserve | Palos Verdes Peninsula Land Conservancy". www.pvplc.org. Retrieved 2016-09-11.
  25. 1 2 3 4 5 Ph.D., Christine M. Rodrigue,. "Palos Verdes native plant key". www.csulb.edu. Retrieved 2016-09-11.
  26. ↑ The O.C. Filming Locations
  27. ↑ NBC4.tv
  28. ↑ Beale, Lauren (2011-07-01). "Anderson da Silva buys Palos Verdes Estate home". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 20 July 2011.
  29. ↑ Climate Summary for Palos Verdes

Further reading

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Coordinates: 33°45′31″N 118°20′45″W / 33.7586472222°N 118.345844444°W / 33.7586472222; -118.345844444

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