Provincial party standing committee

Standing Members of provincial-level committees of the Communist Party of China, commonly referred to as Shengwei Changwei (Chinese: 省委常委), make up the top ranks of the provincial-level organizations of the Communist Party of China. In theory, the Standing Members of a Party Committee manage the day-to-day party affairs of a provincial party organization, and are selected from the members of the provincial-level Party Committee at large. In practice, Shengwei Changwei is a position with significant political power, and their appointments are essentially directed by the central leadership through the Organization Department of the Communist Party of China.

Terminology

Membership and Rankings

In each province, direct-controlled municipality, or autonomous region, membership in a Standing Committee ranges between 11 and 15 individuals. The leading members are ranked by the office they hold. The Party Secretary (or party chief) is ranked first, followed by the head of government (called a "governor" in provinces, but a "mayor" in municipalities and "chairman" in autonomous regions), always ranked second, and a zhuanzhi Deputy Party Secretary (that is, a "full-time" deputy party chief who oversees party affairs) is always ranked third. Often, but not always, a discipline inspection secretary is ranked fourth. Apart from these established ranking conventions, the remaining ranks of the Standing Committees are ordered by the date of advancement to the sub-provincial (vice-minister) level (among other things).[1]

In general, the heads of the provincial-level Organization Department (in charge of human resources and personnel) and Propaganda Department (in charge of disseminating the party's agenda) earn ex officio seats on the provincial-level Standing Committee. Usually, the head of the Zhengfawei (i.e., Political and Legal Affairs Commission), the Secretary of Discipline Inspection, the party committee's Secretary-General, a representative from the military (usually, a commissar or a commanding officer of the local military district) and the first-ranked deputy head of government also have seats on the Standing Committee. In the provinces and autonomous regions, the party chiefs of the provincial capital also usually sits on the Standing Committee. The party chiefs of other large subdivisions may also sit on the Standing Committee, although this is not a strict rule. Occasionally, the head of the provincial-level United Front Department and the chair of the provincial Federation of Trade Unions organization also holds a seat on the Standing Committee.

Shengwei Changwei are considered sub-provincial-level (fushengji) officials, meaning their ranks are equivalent to that of a deputy provincial governor or a vice minister of the state. Where both Shengwei Changwei and provincial vice-governors (who are not also Shengwei Changwei) are present, the Shengwei Changwei ranks above the vice-governor. Provincial Standing Committee members are accorded fushengji rank if their concurrent post does not already afford them an equal or higher rank. For example, the party chief of Xining, capital of Qinghai province, would otherwise be considered a department-level (tingjuji) official but the fact that he sits on the provincial Standing Committee makes him rank one level higher; in fact, he would actually rank higher than an ordinary provincial vice-governor who does not sit on the Standing Committee. Conversely, the party chief of Beijing is usually also a Politburo member, he therefore holds a sub-national rank by virtue of his Politburo membership, which is two ranks above a typical Shengwei Changwei.

Qualifications, age, and location

The gradual 'professionalization' of Communist Party cadres began in the 1990s, which meant that more emphasis was placed on candidate's educational background as well as seniority of experience. For example, many of those promoted from the turn of the century onward had master's or doctorate degrees in fields such as economics. By the time of the Xi Jinping years, having a master's degree had become essentially a "standard requirement" for promotion to a provincial Standing Committee, with many of those promoted having academic experiences at the world's top universities.[2] The type of degrees varied; although Masters of Business Administration (MBAs) were common, others had engineering or medical backgrounds.[2]

In terms of age, almost all Shengwei Changwei who are not concurrently serving as party chief or head of government are between 45 and 60 years of age. It is general convention in the CPC that officials of sub-provincial (vice minister) rank retire at age 60. Unless they advance to full provincial rank, for example by becoming a Governor, a provincial party chief, or a minister of the state, they usually relinquish their posts at age 60. On the other hand, officials below 45 years of age have next to no chances on making it to this elite level of the party organization. For example, as of 2015, the youngest person with a seat on a provincial Standing Committee was the Secretary-General of the Liaoning party organization, Tan Zuojun (born 1968), who was 46 years old at the time of his appointment.[3] The effect of this is that Shengwei Changwei usually sit on the body for no more than three terms (each term is five years) and there is rapid turnover of membership.[2] Since the 1990s, the majority of national leaders have extensive regional experience prior to their promotion to the top. Therefore, it is possible to discern who may be up for promotion to the national level from current provincial Standing Committee members simply by determining the age of the candidates; those in their late forties or early fifties are considered likely to earn promotion to the next level.

Unlike party chiefs and governors, who usually serve in a variety of locales during their careers, many Shengwei Changwei are "native" to the province in which they serve. There are notable exceptions to this, for example, in Shanxi province following the "earthquake" that shook its political establishment in 2014 when the majority of the provincial Standing Committee was rounded up for investigation, removed from the body, or transferred. The 'renewed' committee was made up of people mostly not native to Shanxi province. Since Xi Jinping's assuming the General Secretary of the Communist Party of China in November 2012, many provinces have also seen Discipline Inspection chiefs being appointed by the centre and "parachuted" into their roles in the provinces.[2]

Gender

As of March 2015, 34 of the 409 shengwei changwei were female.[4] Of the provinces, Jiangsu had the highest representation of female shengwei changwei in the country: three members on the Jiangsu standing committee (Hong Qiang, Huang Lixin, and Wang Yanwen) were women. Zhang Xiaolan, Secretary of Discipline Inspection in Gansu province, was the only female shengwei changwei born after 1965.[4] 80% of female shengwei changwei had previous experience as the party chief of prefecture-level cities or equivalent jurisdictions. The majority of female shengwei changwei served as the heads of provincial party departments, such as United Front, Propaganda, Organization, or as leaders of discipline inspection. One, Xian Hui, served as the head of government (Chairwoman of Ningxia); Huang Xiaowei and Shen Yiqin served as deputy party chiefs. No females held the seat reserved for the military on the committees.[4]

Advancement

Being a provincial-level standing committee member has evolved to become a de facto "prerequisite" for advancing to higher levels of the party and government. For example, every member of the 18th Politburo Standing Committee had at one point in their career been a provincial standing committee member. Most provincial-level governors and party chiefs also have prior experience as a member of a provincial-level standing committee.

List

List of provincial-level Standing Committee members of the
Communist Party of China
Municipalities
DivisionSeatsSecretaryHead of Gov't[lower-alpha 1]Deputy Secretary[lower-alpha 2]Other members
Beijing13Guo Jinlong
(Politburo)
Cai QiGou ZhongwenLi Shulei (SDI), Li Shixiang (EVM), Chen Gang (VM), Li Wei (HPD), Jiang Zhigang (HOD), Zhang Yankun (ZFW), Pan Liangshi (PLA), Zhang Gong (Sec-Gen), Dai Junliang (UFD)
Shanghai13Han Zheng
(Politburo)
Yang XiongYing Yong
(EVM)
Shen Xiaoming (Pudong), Zhu Shengling (PLA), Xu Zezhou (HOD), Hou Kai (SDI), Jiang Ping (ZFW), Sha Hailin (UFD), Yin Hong (Sec-Gen), Dong Yunhu (HPD), one vacancy
Tianjin13Li HongzhongWang DongfengWang DongfengYin Deming (HOD), Yao Zengke (SDI), Duan Chunhua (EVM), Liu Changxi (UFD), Cheng Qisheng (Sec-Gen), Zhu Liping (Jiaogongwei), Zong Guoying (Binhai), four vacancies
Chongqing13Sun Zhengcai
(Politburo)
Huang QifanZhang GuoqingXu Songnan (SDI), Liu Xuepu (ZFW), Song Airong (UFD), Ling Yueming (Liangjiang), Zhang Ming, Zeng Qinghong (HOD), Yan Ping (HPD), Wang Xiangang (Wanzhou)
Provinces
Hebei13Zhao KezhiZhang QingweiLi GanjieYuan Tongli (EVG), Chen Chaoying (SDI), Fan Chaobing (UFD), Dong Xiansheng (ZFW), Sun Ruibin (Shijiazhuang), Tian Xiangli (HPD), Liang Tiangeng (HOD), Jiao Yanlong (Tangshan), Shao Heng (PLA), one vacancy
Shanxi13Luo HuiningLou YangshengHuang XiaoweiRen Jianhua (SDI), Hu Suping (HPD), Gao Jianmin (EVG), Wang Jianming (ZFW), Sun Zhaocheng (UFD), Wang Weizhong (Sec-Gen), Fu Jianhua (VG), Sheng Maolin (HOD)
Liaoning13Li XiChen QiufaZeng Wei
Chen Xiaojiang (SDI), Tang Jun (Dalian), Xin Guizi (HOD), Su Hongzhang (ZFW), Fan Weiping (HPD), Wang Menghui (Shenyang), Tan Zuojun (EVG), Dai Yulin (Union), Wang Bianjiang (PLA), Wu Hansheng (Sec-Gen)
Jilin13BayanqoluVacantMa JunqingGao Guangbin (EVG), Jin Zhenji (ZFW), Fang Li (Sec-Gen), Lin Wu (HOD), Cui Shaopeng (SDI), Zhang Anshun (Yanbian), Zhuang Yan (VG), Gao Fuping (HPD), Miao Yufeng (PLA), Wang Junzheng (Changchun)
Heilongjiang13Wang XiankuiLu HaoHuang JianshengZhang Xiaolian (HPD), Ma Xueyi (PLA), Yang Rui (HOD), Chen Haibo (Harbin), Hao Huilong (EVG), Zhao Min (UFD), Li Haitao (Sec-Gen), two vacancies
Jiangsu13Li QiangShi TaifengWu Zhenglong
(Nanjing)
Jiang Zhuoqing (SDI), Huang Lixin (EVG), Yang Yue (VG), Li Xiaomin (Wuxi), Wang Jiong (HOD), Fan Jinlong (Sec-Gen), Wang Yanwen (HPD), Cao Dexin (PLA), Wang Like (ZFW)
Zhejiang13Xia BaolongChe JunYuan JiajunRen Zemin (SDI), Ge Huijun (HPD), Wang Xinhai (PLA), Zhao Yide (Hangzhou), Liao Guoxun (HOD), Chen Jinbiao (Sec-Gen), Wang Yongkang (UFD), Tang Yijun (Ningbo), two vacancies
Anhui13Li JinbinLi GuoyingXin ChangxingXu Liquan (ZFW), Liu Hui (SDI), Zhan Xialai (EVG), Tang Chengpei (Sec-Gen), Shen Suli (UFD), Cao Zhenghai (HPD), Song Haihang (PLA), Chen Shulong (VG), Wu Cunrong (Hefei), Deng Xiangyang (HOD)
Jiangxi13Lu XinsheLiu QiYao ZengkeLi Bingjun (Ganzhou), Chen Junqing (HPD), Zhou Zemin (SDI), Zhou Meng (ZFW), Cai Xiaoming (UFD), Zhao Aiming (HOD), Gong Jianhua (Nanchang), Zhang Xiaoming (PLA), Mao Weiming (EVG), Zhu Hong (Sec-Gen)
Fujian13You QuanYu WeiguovacantJiang Xinzhi (HOD), Ye Shuangyu (Sec-Gen), Zhang Zhinan (EVG), Wang Menghui (Xiamen), Ni Yuefeng (SDI), Xiong Andong (PLA), Lei Chunmei (UFD), Chen Dong (CFW), one vacancy
Shandong13Jiang YikangGuo ShuqingGong ZhengSun Wei (EVG), Li Faquan (SDI), Li Qun (Qingdao), Sun Shougang (HPD), Lu Minsong (PLA), Wang Wentao (Jinan), Yang Dongqi (HOD), Zhang Jiangting (ZFW), Yu Xiaoming (Sec-Gen), Wu Cuiyun (UFD)[5]
Henan13Xie FuzhanChen Run'erDeng KaiWeng Jieming, Ren Zhengxiao (SDI), Wu Tianjun (ZFW), Zhao Suping (HPD), Xia Jie (HOD), Li Wenhui (Sec-Gen), Tao Minglun (UFD), Lu Changjian (PLA), Ma Yi (Zhengzhou)
Hubei13Jiang ChaoliangWang XiaodongVacantHou Chang'an (SDI), Ruan Chengfa (Wuhan), Fu Dehui (Sec-Gen), Huang Chuping (Yichang), Feng Xiaolin (PLA), Liang Huiling (UFD), Liang Weinian (HPD), Yu Shaoliang (HOD), one vacancy
Hunan13Du JiahaoXu DazheUlanFu Kui (SDI), Huang Lanxiang (UFD), Zhang Wenxiong (HPD), Guo Kailang (HOD), Li Weiwei (ZFW), Xu Yousheng (Sec-Gen), Yi Lianhong (Changsha), Lin Wu (Changzhutan Zone), Huang Yuejin (PLA), Chen Xiangqun
Guangdong13Hu Chunhua
(Politburo)
Zhu XiaodanMa Xingrui
(Shenzhen)
Huang Xianyao (SDI), Li Yumei (HOD), Lin Xiong (UFD), Xu Shaohua (EVG), Shen Haixiong (HPD), Huang Shanchun (PLA), Ren Xuefeng (Guangzhou), Li Jia (Zhuhai), Lin Shaochun (ZFW), Zou Ming
Hainan13Luo BaomingLiu CiguiLi JunXu Jun (HPD), Ma Yongxia (SDI), Li Xiuling (HOD), Mao Chaofeng (EVG), Sun Xinyang (Haikou), Liu Xin (PLA), Zhang Qi (Sanya), Chen Zhirong (VG), Hu Guanghui (Sec-Gen)
Sichuan13Wang DongmingYin LiLiu GuozhongLi Dengju (Union), Wang Huaichen (SDI), Huang Xinchu (Chengdu), Fan Ruiping (HOD), Li Changping (Nonggongwei), Wu Jingping (Sec-Gen), Liu Jiaguo (PLA), Wang Ning (EVG), Dai Jun (VG), Cui Baohua (UFD)
Guizhou13Chen Min'erSun ZhigangShen Yiqin
(ZFW)
Song Xuantao (SDI), Liu Xiaokai (UFD), Sun Yongchun (HOD), Qin Rupei (EVG), Chen Gang (Guiyang), Zhang Guangzhi (HPD), Wang Shenghuai (PLA), Wang Xiaoguang (Zunyi), Mu Degui (VG)
Yunnan13Chen HaoChen HaoZhong MianLi Jiang (EVG), Huang Yi (UFD), Meng Sutie (ZFW), Zhao Jin (HPD), Li Pei (Gaoxiao Gongwei), Zhang Shuofu (SDI), Yang Guangyue (PLA), Cheng Lianyuan (Kunming), Li Xiaosan (HOD), Li Yifei (Sec-Gen)
Shaanxi13Lou QinjianHu HepingMao WanchunGuo Yongping (SDI), Wei Minzhou (Xi'an), Yao Yinliang (EVG), Liu Xiaoyan (Sec-Gen), Gao Longfu (PLA), Chen Qiang (UFD), Zhu Like (ZWF), Xu Xinrong (Yan'an), Liang Gui (HPD)
Gansu13Wang SanyunLin DuoOuyang JianWu Degang (HOD), Xe Bazu (ZFW), Xian Hui (VG), Zhang Xiaolan (SDI), Yu Haiyan (Lanzhou), Li Jianhua (Sec-Gen), Fu Zhuanyu (PLA), Li Rongcan (VG), Wang Xiyu (UFD), Liang Yanshun (HPD)
Qinghai15Wang GuoshengHao PengWang JianjunLuo Yulin (EVG), Jildi Magya (HPD), Dorjee Rabten (SDI), Wang Xiaoqing (Sec-Gen), Zhang Guangrong (ZFW), Ma Shunqing (VG), Wang Xiao (Xining), Su Ning (Union), Danko (UFD), Li Songshan (PLA), Zhang Ximing
Autonomous Regions
Ningxia13Li JianhuaXian HuiCui BoCai Guoying (HPD), Li Chuanzhi (SDI), Xu Guangguo (Yinchuan), Fu Xingguo (HOD), Li Wenzhang (Guyuan), Wang Pengfei (ZFW, PSD), Zhang Chaochao (EVC), Li Rui (VC), Chang Yeting (PLA), Ma Tingli (VC)
Xinjiang15Chen QuanguoShohrat ZakirSun Jinlong
Zhu Hailun
Li Pengxin
Huang Wei (EVC), Shewket Imin, Bai Zhijie (Sec-Gen), Erkenjen Turahom (Union, Tacheng), Xiong Xuanguo (ZFW), Xu Haihong (SDI), Hanibad Shapkeh, Li Xuejun (HPD, Urumqi), Erken Tonilazi, Ma Xuejun (HOD)
Guangxi13Peng QinghuaChen WuHou JianguoWen Kahua (ZFW), Huang Daowei (HPD), Tang Renjian (EVC), Wang Xiaodong (Nanning), Fan Xioali (Sec-Gen), Bai Nianfa (PLA), Yu Chunsheng (SDI), Lan Tianli (VC), Yu Yunlin (HOD), Li Kang (UFD)
Inner Mongolia13Li JihengBu XiaolinLi JiaChe Huasong (PLA), Liu Qifan (SDI), Fu Taizeng (EVC), Nasunmunkh (Hohhot), Zhang Jianmin (VC), Wang Zhonghe (Baotou), Zhang Yuanzhong (Sec-Gen), Zeng Yichun (HOD)
Tibet15Wu YingjieLosang JamcanPadma Choling
Deng Xiaogang
Deng Xiaogang (EVC, ZFW), Diao Guoxin (PLA), Gonpo Tashi (UFD), Chigala (Lhasa), Norbu Damju (Chamdo), Doto (Zhigongwei), Ding Yexian (EVC), Wang Ruilian (Sec-Gen), Wang Yongjun (SDI), Zeng Wanming (HOD), Jiang Jie (VC)

List of Abbreviations

  • EVG (EVM, EVC): Executive Vice Governor (Executive Vice Mayor, Executive Vice Chairman)
  • SDI: Secretary of Discipline Inspection
  • HOD: Head of Organization Department
  • HPD: Head of Propaganda Department
  • VG (VM, VC): Vice Governor (Vice Mayor, Vice Chairman)
  • ZFW: Secretary of Political and Legal Affairs Commission (Zhengfawei)

  • Sec-Gen: Secretary-General
  • UFD: Head of United Front Department
  • PLA: Military representative
  • PSD: Director of Public Security Department
  • Union: Head of the Federation of Trade Unions
  • Place names (ex. Dalian) in parentheses represent party chief of that jurisdiction

Standing Committees below provincial level

Below the provincial-level, all administrative jurisdictions down to the county level all have their respective Party Standing Committees (Chinese: 党委常务委员会 or 党委常委会 for short). Like their provincial counterparts, these committees serve as the de facto highest local leadership council of the Communist Party of China in any area of jurisdiction. The composition of the council can be compared to the Politburo Standing Committee, the de facto highest decision making body of the country, but is not exactly the same. Local Standing Committees function as the highest policy making body within the party, but technically do not have executive powers of the government constitutionally.

The Standing Committee should not be confused with a "Party Committee" (党委), which is a distinct institution. A local Party Committee is a body composed of a much larger number of officials compared to the Party Standing Committee.

In general, the Party Standing Committee includes those concurrently holding the following positions:

  1. Party Committee Secretary (also known as "party chief")
  2. Deputy Party Secretary, Governor (Mayor)
  3. Discipline Inspection Secretary
  4. Politics and Legal Affairs Secretary
  5. Executive Vice Governor
  6. Head of local Organization Department
  7. Head of local Propaganda Department
  8. Secretary-General
  9. Party Secretaries of the largest subdivisions within the jurisdiction

See also

Notes

  1. The head of government in each locale also always serves as the senior-ranked Deputy Party Secretary.
  2. Where necessary, to distinguish between the head-of-government deputy secretary and the junior deputy secretary, a junior secretary is referred to with the designation zhuanzhi shuji, in which zhuanzhi roughly means "full-time" or "holds this office specifically".

References

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