Primorsk, Leningrad Oblast

For other places with the same name, see Primorsk.
Primorsk (English)
Приморск (Russian)
-  Town[1]  -

Vokzalnaya Street in Primorsk

Location of Leningrad Oblast in Russia
Primorsk
Location of Primorsk in Leningrad Oblast
Coordinates: 60°22′N 28°38′E / 60.367°N 28.633°E / 60.367; 28.633Coordinates: 60°22′N 28°38′E / 60.367°N 28.633°E / 60.367; 28.633
Town Day Third Saturday of September
Administrative status (as of May 2014)
Country Russia
Federal subject Leningrad Oblast[1]
Administrative district Vyborgsky District[1]
Settlement municipal formation Primorskoye Settlement Municipal Formation[1]
Administrative center of Primorskoye Settlement Municipal Formation[1]
Municipal status (as of May 2014)
Municipal district Vyborgsky Municipal District[2]
Urban settlement Primorskoye Urban Settlement[2]
Administrative center of Primorskoye Urban Settlement[2]
Statistics
Population (2010 Census) 6,119 inhabitants[3]
Time zone MSK (UTC+03:00)[4]
First mentioned 1268[5]
Town status since 1940
Previous names Beryozovskoye,[5]
Björkö (until 1918),[6]
Koivisto (until October 1, 1948)[7]
Postal code(s)[8] 188910
Dialing code(s) +7 81378[9]
Primorsk on Wikimedia Commons

Primorsk (Russian: Примо́рск; Finnish: Koivisto; Swedish: Björkö[10]) is a coastal town in Vyborgsky District of Leningrad Oblast, Russia and the largest Russian port on the Baltic. It is located on the Karelian Isthmus, 137 kilometers (85 mi) west of St. Petersburg, at the northern coast of the Gulf of Finland, near Beryozovye Islands (Finnish: Koivusaari (Koivistonsaari), Tiurinsaari ja Piisaari; Swedish: Björkö) which are protected as a sea bird sanctuary. Population: 6,119 (2010 Census);[3] 5,332 (2002 Census);[11] 6,637 (1989 Census).[12]

History

It was first mentioned in Russian chronicles as Beryozovskoye (Берёзовское, lit. birch village) in 1268, when the Hanseatic merchants from Gotland petitioned the Novgorod Republic to secure their passage to the Neva River.[13] The original Finnish name Koivisto means "a group of birch trees", "a birch forest". Swedish name Björkö means "birch island". Swedes annexed the region during the Third Swedish Crusade. The Russians retook the islands at the close of the Great Northern War in 1721. This was confirmed by the Treaty of Nystad in 1721.

In 1710, during the Great Northern War, the troops of Tsar Peter the Great included the whole area of the modern Vyborgsky District to Russia. In the course of Peter's second administrative reform, the area became a part of Vyborg Province of St. Petersburg Governorate. The 1721 Treaty of Nystad, which concluded the war with Sweden, finalized the transfer of this part of Old Finland to Russia.[5]

In 1744, Vyborg Governorate, with the seat in Vyborg, was established.[14] After several changes, Vyborg Governorate was renamed Finland Governorate in 1802.[14] In 1811, it was renamed back and included in the Grand Duchy of Finland, which was previously ceded to Russia by Sweden.[14] In Finland, it became known as the Viipuri Province. On July 24, 1905 Wilhelm II of the German Empire and Tsar Nicholas II of Russia signed the Treaty of Björkö (Treaty of Koivisto) as a secret mutual defense accord.[15][16] In 1918, the Viipuri Province became a part of independent Finland.

A church in Primorsk, originally a Finnish Lutheran church designed by Josef Stenbäck, 1902–1904

Koivisto, together with the rest of the Karelian Isthmus, was ceded by Finland to the Soviet Union by the Moscow Peace Treaty as a result of the Winter War. It was recaptured by Finns between 1941 and 1944 during Continuation War but was again ceded to the Soviet Union after Moscow Armistice. This secession was formalized after signing Paris Peace Treaty in 1947. The population was resettled to Finland and population from Central Russia was moved to populate the Karelian Isthmus.

On May 16, 1940, Koivisto became the administrative center of the newly established Koyvistovsky District in Leningrad Oblast.[7] At the same time, Koivisto was granted town status. On October 1, 1948, the town was renamed Primorsk and the district was renamed Primorsky.[7] On April 3, 1954, Primorsky District was abolished and merged into Roshchinsky District, with the administrative center in Roshchino.[7] On January 4, 1957, Primorsk was transferred to Vyborgsky District.[17]

Primorsk evolved in the 20th century as an outport for the town of Vyborg.

Administrative and municipal status

Within the framework of administrative divisions, it is, together with twenty rural localities, incorporated within Vyborgsky District as Primorskoye Settlement Municipal Formation.[1] As a municipal division, Primorskoye Settlement Municipal Formation is incorporated within Vyborgsky Municipal District as Primorskoye Urban Settlement.[2]

Economy

The town is the site of the largest Baltic Sea oil terminal. It was developed by the Putin administration as a terminus of the Baltic Pipeline System at a cost of two billion US dollars. The terminal started to operate in December 2001, supplanting Ventspils and other foreign rivals within one year.[18] In 2006, Primorsk was ranked first in Russia in crude oil export, with the export volume of 5,863,000 metric tons.[19]

Transportation

The town is on the railway line linking St. Petersburg to Vyborg. There is suburban train service to Finland Station in St. Petersburg.

The town is connected by roads with Vyborg and with Zelenogorsk and is also linked by bus to other localities nearby.

Notable people

References

Notes

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Oblast Law #32-oz
  2. 1 2 3 4 Law #17-oz
  3. 1 2 Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). "Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1" [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года (2010 All-Russia Population Census) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved June 29, 2012.
  4. ↑ Правительство Российской Федерации. Федеральный закон №107-ФЗ от 3 июня 2011 г. «Об исчислении времени», в ред. Федерального закона №271-ФЗ от 03 июля 2016 г. «О внесении изменений в Федеральный закон "Об исчислении времени"». Вступил в силу по истечении шестидесяти дней после дня официального опубликования (6 августа 2011 г.). Опубликован: "Российская газета", №120, 6 июня 2011 г. (Government of the Russian Federation. Federal Law #107-FZ of June 31, 2011 On Calculating Time, as amended by the Federal Law #271-FZ of July 03, 2016 On Amending Federal Law "On Calculating Time". Effective as of after sixty days following the day of the official publication.).
  5. 1 2 3 История Выборгского района, история Выборгской земли (in Russian). Муниципальное образование Выборгский район Ленинградской Области. Retrieved March 20, 2014.
  6. ↑ Энциклопедия Города России. Moscow: Большая Российская Энциклопедия. 2003. pp. 361–362. ISBN 5-7107-7399-9.
  7. 1 2 3 4 Койвистовский район (май 1940 г. - октябрь 1948 г.), Приморский район (октябрь 1948 г. - апрель 1954 г.) (in Russian). Система классификаторов исполнительных органов государственной власти Санкт-Петербурга. Retrieved March 21, 2014.
  8. ↑ Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. (Russian Post). Поиск объектов почтовой связи (Postal Objects Search) (Russian)
  9. ↑ Телефонный код Приморска (in Russian). Телефонные коды всех городов Российской Федерации. Retrieved March 21, 2014.
  10. ↑ Björkö names and Bjarkey law. See also article on Bjarkey laws for the name's probable connection to old Scandinavian trade legislation.
  11. ↑ Russian Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004). "Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек" [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian). Retrieved August 9, 2014.
  12. ↑ Demoscope Weekly (1989). "Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров" [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. Retrieved August 9, 2014.
  13. ↑ Берёзовское-Бьёрке-Койвисто-Приморск (in Russian). Приморск - Информационный сайт. Retrieved March 21, 2014.
  14. 1 2 3 С. А. Тархов (2001). "Изменение административно-территориального деления России за последние 300 лет". Электронная версия журнала "География".
  15. ↑ Fay, pp. 68-69. The treaty was published in Izvestia on December 29 1917. On December 31, 1917, the treaty was copied in the Paris Excelsior. Afterwards, the treaty was copied (with slight paraphrasing) in narratives by Bompard, French ambassador at Petrograd 1902-08, and the Russian diplomat Anatoly Neklyudov.
  16. ↑ Historical pictures from the German Bundesarchiv. Archived July 6, 2015, at the Wayback Machine.
  17. ↑ Каннельярвский район (май 1940 г. - август 1945 г.), Райволовский район (август 1945 г. - октябрь 1948 г.), Рощинский район (октябрь 1948 г. - февраль 1963 г.) (in Russian). Система классификаторов исполнительных органов государственной власти Санкт-Петербурга. Retrieved March 21, 2014.
  18. ↑ Financial Times. Baltic lessons for EU in dealing with a resurgent Russia
  19. ↑ Fearnleys Russia. Russian tanker market monthly. October 27, 2006.

Sources

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