Red Cross Society of the Republic of China

Not to be confused with Red Cross Society of China, based in the People's Republic of China.
Red Cross Society of the Republic of China
中華民國紅十字會
Founded March 10, 1904[1][2](5 December 2008)
Founder Shen Dunhe[2](5 December 2008)[3]
Type Aid agency
Focus Assisting refugees in times of conflict and victims of disaster
Location
Origins Shanghai[2](5 December 2008)
Area served
Taiwan, Pescadores, Kinmen, and Matsu
Product Humanitarian aid
Key people
 President
Revenue
1,509,510,000 New Taiwan dollars (at December 2008)[3]
Endowment Public and private donations.
Website www.redcross.org.tw
Red Cross Society of the Republic of China
Traditional Chinese 中華民國紅十字會
Simplified Chinese 中华民国红十字会

The Red Cross Society of the Republic of China (Chinese: 中華民國紅十字會) is the Red Cross Society of the Republic of China on Taiwan. The society is not recognized by the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) because it does not meet all the conditions[4] set out in the Statues of the Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement, and it is not a member of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies.[5] From its founding in 1904, to 1949, when the Kuomintang retreated to Taiwan, the society shared its history with the Red Cross Society of China. Both societies associate their origins with the founder, Shen Dunhe, a tea merchant.

History

Origin

On 3 March 1904, during the Russo-Japanese War, Shen Dunhe created the "Manchuria Red Cross Benevolent Society" and on 10 March 1904, the society was renamed the "Shanghai International Red Cross Committee". Its founders were Chinese business and political leaders and expatriates from the West. Shen chose the aegis of the Red Cross because its neutrality allowed aid to reach those Chinese civilians caught between Japanese and Russian forces in Manchuria.[3](20 May 2008)[6]

Expansion

After the Russo-Japanese War, the society expanded and its mission to aid those affected by war and disaster continued. The society opened Red Cross hospitals in Shanghai and other cities. Local Red Cross chapters were popular because the association represented international connections, modernity and its activities were seen as patriotic. For example, the society sent workers to San Francisco after the 1906 earthquake and workers, medicines and funds were sent to Japan after the 1923 Great Kantō earthquake. In 1920, there were over 300 Red Cross chapters in China.[3](20 May 2008)

Recognition

In 1912, the ICRC recognised the national society of the then Republic of China. In 1919, the society joined the International Federation as one of its first members.[3](20 May 2008) In the 1920s, 30s and 40s, the society held ties with American and British Red Cross, the Kuomintang government and the Shanghai business community. In 1933, during the Second Sino-Japanese War, the Act of Administrative Rules and Procedures of the Red Cross Society of the Republic of China (中華民國紅十字會管理條例施行細則) was passed. The society was renamed the Red Cross Society of the Republic of China.[2](20 May 2008)[7] The society's activities during the war time period (1937 - 1945) were limited to Kuomintang held areas in southwest China and to some areas under Japanese control. Supplies were received through Burma and India from the United States and the United Kingdom. Expatriate Chinese also raised funds.

Relocation to Taiwan

After 1950, when the major hostilities of the Chinese civil war had ended, the society moved its headquarters to Taiwan. In 1955, the government of the Republic of China declared the Red Cross Society of the Republic of China the sole national humanitarian organization of the country and wrote this in legislation. The act clarified the role of the society in the case of invasion by the forces of the Communist Party of China and in caring for wounded Taiwanese soldiers and prisoners of war. Fiscal exemptions for society volunteers were approved. The organization was tasked with provision of basic sanitation and hygiene to the most impoverished; and, with teaching first aid to adults and children.[2](5 December 2008)

International Recognition

The society meets most of the conditions laid out in Article 4 of the Statutes of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement of 1995, except that Taiwan is not a signatory to the Geneva Conventions.[8] Its mission may be made more difficult because of a lack of clarity surrounding the society's independence from the Red Cross Society of China.[9]

Kinmen Agreement

On 11–12 September 1990, the society held talks with its counterpart Kinmen resulting in the Kinmen Agreement signed on 12 September.[10][11] The talks were about issues such as repatriation of criminals, smugglers or fugitives in the spirit of humanity and practicality.[12]

Chronology of selected activities

References

  1. ↑ "Introduction of RCSC." Red Cross Society of China 2001.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 "園丁的話—祝中華民國紅十字會一百歲生日快樂." Red Cross Society of the Republic of China (中華民國紅十字總會).
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 "History of Chinese Red Cross: Part II." The China Beat blog 20 December 2008.
  4. ↑ "Conditions for recognition of national societies" ICRC
  5. ↑ "List of National Societies in Asia Pacific" IFRC
  6. ↑ Yannan L. L. "Red Cross Society in Imperial China, 1904-1912." The Center on Philanthropy at Indiana University. Accessed 26 December 2013.
  7. ↑ "Tracing offices of recognized Red Cross and Red Crescent national societies." ICRC 28 September 2009.
  8. ↑ "Conditions for recognition of national societies." ICRC 29 July 2005.
  9. ↑ Guilloux A. "Taiwan, Humanitarianism and Global Governance." Routledge 2009 p147. ISBN 1134030495, 9781134030491. Accessed at Google Books 26 December 2013.
  10. ↑ http://www.mac.gov.tw/ct.asp?xItem=51914&ctNode=6124&mp=3
  11. ↑ Hsin-Huang M. H. et al "Rise of China: Beijing S strategies and implications for the Asia-Pacific." Routledge 2008 p284. ISBN 113403217X, 9781134032174. Accessed at Google Books 27 December 2013.
  12. ↑ Ko S. "Ma praises 1990 Kinmen agreement." Taipei Times, 12 September 2010 p3. Accessed 27 December 2013.
  13. ↑ "A brief history of blood donation services in Taiwan." Taiwan Blood Services Foundation. Accessed 26 December 2013.
  14. ↑ Li F. "Lifting the ban on visiting the relatives in mainland China." Encyclopaedia of Taiwan website 2011. Accessed 26 December 2013.
  15. ↑ Copper J. F. "The A to Z of Taiwan (Republic of China)." Scarecrow Press, 2010 xxxi. ISBN 1461672198, 9781461672197. Accessed at Googe Books 27 December 2013.
  16. ↑ "Taiwan sends blankets to Sichuan quake survivors." China Post 21 November 2008. Accessed 26 December 2013.
  17. ↑ Loa L. "Red Cross Society of the ROC panned for fund delay." Taipei Times. 12 April 2011. Accessed 26 December 2013.
  18. ↑ Tang P. and Wu J. "Palau's president thanks Taiwan for typhoon relief." Focus Taiwan News Channel. 24 December 2013. Accessed 26 December 2013.
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