University of São Paulo

Not to be confused with Federal University of São Paulo.
"São Paulo University" redirects here. It is not to be confused with São Paulo State University.
University of São Paulo
Universidade de São Paulo

Coat of arms of the University of São Paulo
Other name
 USP
Motto Latin: Scientia Vinces (in English: "science will win" or with knowledge you will conquer, in Portuguese: "ciência vencerá").
Type Public university
Established 1934[1] (São Paulo Law School dates from 1827)
Budget R$ 4,725,126,513.00[2]
Rector Marco Antonio Zago
Academic staff
 5,732[1]
Administrative staff
 15,341[1]
Students 88,261[1]
Undergraduates 56,998[1]
Postgraduates 25,591[1]
Location 9 cities: Bauru, Lorena, Piracicaba, Pirassununga, Ribeirão Preto, Santos, São Carlos, São Paulo (headquarters) and São Sebastião, in the State of São Paulo, Brazil.
Website www.usp.br

The University of São Paulo (Portuguese: Universidade de São Paulo, USP) is a public university in the Brazilian state of São Paulo. It is the largest Brazilian public university and the country's most prestigious educational institution,[3][4] the best university in Ibero-America,[5][6] and holds a high reputation among world universities, being ranked 51-60 worldwide in reputation by the Times Higher Education World University Rankings.[7][8] USP is involved in teaching, research and university extension in all areas of knowledge, offering a broad range of courses.

The university was founded in 1934, regrouping already existing schools in the state of São Paulo, such as the Faculdade de Direito do Largo de São Francisco (Law), the Polytechnic School (Engineering) and the Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz (Agriculture). The university has subsequently created new departments, becoming one of the largest institutions of higher education in Latin America, with approximately 90,000 enrolled students. Currently, it has eleven campuses, four of them in the city of São Paulo.[9] The remaining campuses are in the cities of Bauru, Lorena, Piracicaba, Pirassununga, Ribeirão Preto and two in São Carlos.

Several students from the University of São Paulo achieved important positions in the Brazilian society. It was the alma mater of twelve Brazilian presidents. USP was ranked 19th worldwide in a rank based on the number of alumni who became CEOs in the world's 500 largest companies.[10] and also classed in the top 100 worldwide in the Global Employability University Ranking.[11] In terms of research, USP is Brazil's largest research institution, producing more than 25% of the scientific papers published by Brazilian researchers in high quality conferences and journals.[12] In 2015, out of 36 subjects, the QS World University Rankings ranked USP in the top 50 in eight subjects (including Architecture, Dentistry, Civil Engineering, Agriculture/Forestry, Art/Design and Veterinary Science) and in the top 51-100th position in 21 more subjects (including Computer Science, Mechanical, Electrical and Chemical Engineering, Modern Languages, Geography, Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics).

History

The Faculty of Medicine in the early twentieth century.
Law School, founded in 1827.

After its defeat in the Constitutionalist Revolution, São Paulo needed institutional improvements. Therefore, in 1933 a group of businessmen founded the Free School of Sociology and Politics (ELSP) (the current Foundation of the School of Sociology and Politics in São Paulo). In 1934, the intervenor of São Paulo (which corresponded to the governor), Armando de Sales Oliveira founded the University of São Paulo (USP). According to Sérgio Milliet:

From São Paulo does not leave more anarchic civil wars, but after all a scientific and intellectual revolution capable of changing economic and social conceptions of the Brazilians.

That was one of the efforts carried out to provide Brazil with modern administrative, educational and military institutions in a period known as "search for alternatives". One of the main initiatives included the creation, that same year, of the University of São Paulo. Its nucleus was the School of Philosophy, Sciences and Languages, with professors coming from France, Italy, Spain, Germany and other European countries.

The ELSP assumed the goal of administrative elites to form a new model in which they noted an increasing role of the state, while USP focused on training teachers for secondary schools, experts in sciences, engineers, lawyers, physicians and professors. ELSP followed a sociological American model, while USP used the French academic world as its main source of inspiration.

Foreign professors such as Claude Lévi-Strauss (France), Fernand Braudel (France), Roger Bastide (France), Robert H. Aubreton (France), Heinrich Rheinboldt (Germany), Paul Arbousse Bastide (France), Jean Magüé (France), Martial Gueroult (France), Emilio Willems (Germany), Donald Pierson (USA), Gleb Vassielievich Wataghin (Russia), Pierre Monbeig (France), Giacomo Albanese (Italy), Luigi Fantappiè (Italy), Vilém Flusser (Czech Republic), Giuseppe Ungaretti (Italy) and Herbert Baldus (Germany), broadcast in various institutions new standards for teaching and research, creating new generations of scientists in Brazil.

Since its foundation USP received professors and researchers from all over the world, such as David Bohm (USA), Giuseppe Occhialini (Italy), François Châtelet (France), Anatol Rosenfeld (Germany), Helmi Nasr (Egypt), Gérard Lebrun (France), Fritz Köberle (Austria) and Heinz Dieter Heidemann (Germany).

Origins

University of São Paulo is the result of a combination of the newly created School of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters (Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras, FFCL, currently Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciencias Humanas, FFLCH) with the existing Polytechnic School of Engineering (founded in 1893), the "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture (Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz) (founded in 1901), the Medical School (founded in 1912), the traditional Law School (founded in 1827), the old School of Pharmacy and Dentistry (founded in 1898), the Institute of Astronomy, Geophysics and Atmospheric Sciences (founded in 1886) and the School of Veterinary Medicine (founded in 1919)).[13]

The FFCL emerged as the integrating element of the university, bringing together courses in various areas of knowledge. Also in 1934 the School of Physical Education (sports science) of the State of São Paulo was created, the first civil school of physical education in Brazil, which would later be part of the university. In 1944 the Medical School opened its public hospital (Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade de São Paulo). In the same year, the School of Engineering of Sao Carlos (EESC) emerged. In subsequent years several other research units were also created, such as a second Medical School, located in the city of Ribeirão Preto (São Paulo's inland) in 1952).[13]

In the 1960s, the university gradually transferred the headquarters of some of its units to the City University Armando de Salles Oliveira, in São Paulo. In 1963 it was established the Heart Institute of the University of São Paulo. Thereafter new institutes and schools were created, for instance the School of Journalism, Communications and Arts (ECA) in 1966. Over the years, some of the university's old departments were transformed into autonomous faculties or institutes, such as the Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICB), the Institute of Geosciences (IGc) and the Institute of Biosciences (IB) in 1969).[13]

Military dictatorship

Ramos de Azevedo monument, at University City Armando de Salles Oliveira (one of the São Paulo city campuses)

During the 1970s and part of the 1980s, some critics believe that USP has undergone an intellectual dissection, both in terms of knowledge production and the quality of human resources. During the past decades, the university played an essential role in the discussion and dissemination of important political ideas that contributed to the democratization of the country, bringing together many leftist intellectuals (such as Florestan Fernandes, Boris Fausto, Paul Singer, Antonio Candido, Gioconda Mussolini among others).

During the Brazilian dictatorship a large number of professors from USP were persecuted and even tortured - many were forced to leave the country.[14][15][16] This slowed down scientific production in Brazil.[17] It also promoted a systematic increase in the total number of graduate vacancies, encouraged by the state government.

The gap caused by the removal of teachers and students chased by the military regime was interrupted with the campaign of political amnesty, since the early 1980s. Several units of USP celebrated the return of their deposed professors, although many of them were rehired in different set of conditions (former full professors took new positions as assistant professors).[18]

Expansion

Parallel to the resulting intellectual emptiness of political repression occurred at USP in the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s a process of fragmentation of their units, new faculties were created and new institutes, which resulted in new courses, new lines of research and graduate programs. Originally conceived as the academic core of the university, gathering itself the various fields of pure knowledge, the FFCL, over time, saw their departments to gain autonomy and become full units (autonomous and administratively separate from your original drive). The Institute of Physics was the first department to extricate itself from the old FFCL, followed also by other departments of exact and biological sciences.

In 2004, the university founded the Institute of International Relations, with the aim to study global matters in a multidisciplinary (law, political science, economy and history) environment with Brazilian and international students and professors (International Exchange Program). In 2005, it was built in the East Zone of the city of São Paulo a new School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities (EACH), taking a few courses that go beyond traditional Brazilian university model and aim to diversify the areas of the consolidated institution. [22] On 21 March 2006, USP approved the merger of a second School of Chemical Engineering (FAENQUIL) in the city of Lorena (rural area), at the Paraíba Valley (State of São Paulo's rural area), with about 1,600 students in total and of these 1,200 at graduation. In 2007, a second Law School was established in the city of Ribeirão Preto, also in the State of São Paulo's countryside.[19]

Academics

Today USP has five hospitals and offers 247 undergraduate programs and 239 graduate programs in all areas of study.[20] The university houses altogether 24 museums and galleries – with half a million visitors a year – two theaters, a cinema, a TV channel and an orchestra.[20] The University of São Paulo welcomes people from all continents, and stimulates this process via networks and consortiums (International Office – USP), such as Erasmus Mundus, Associação das Universidades de Língua Portuguesa, Rede Magalhães (SMILE - Student Mobility in Latin America, Caribbean and Europe), among others.[21]

Rankings

University rankings (overall)
U.S. News & World Report
(2014, national, world)		 1 (77)
Ranking Web of Universities
(2014, national, world)		 1 (34)
ARWU
(2014, national, world)		 1 (101-150)
QS
(2016, national, world)		 1 (120)
THE
(2014, national, world)		 1 (201-225)
Mines ParisTech : PRWU

(2011, national, world)

 1 (19)
Ranking SCIMAGO
(2014, national, world)		 1 (10)
Ranking National Taiwan University
(2014, world)		 1 (62)
Ranking URAP
(2014, national, world)		 1 (31)
RUF
(2014, national)		 1

SIR World Report 2013 from SCImago Institutions Rankings classified the university in the 12th place in the world (11th in 2012).[22] In 2012, according to the University Ranking by Academic Performance (URAP),[23] the University of São Paulo is the best university in Ibero-America and 28th university in the world. According to ARWU, USP was classified in the first place, regarding the number of doctorates awarded during 2011.[24] Mines ParisTech ranked USP in 42nd place.[25] Ranking Web of Universities 2013 classified USP in the 31st place.[26] USP is ranked among the top 70 universities in the world, in the Ranking "Top Universities by Reputation 2013" published by Times Higher Education.[27] NTU Ranking classified the university in the 53rd place.[28] According to the 2013 Academic Ranking of World Universities, USP is placed in the group of the 101–151 top world universities.[29] According to the 2013 CWTS Leiden Ranking the University of São Paulo is placed in the position 12th at the world.[30] In the 2013 QS World University Rankings[31] University of São Paulo ranked 127th (academic reputation 51st)[32] and is the best classified in the specific ranking of Latin America's universities.[33][34] In 2012, the University of São Paulo is the first Ibero-American institution in the Times Higher Education World University Rankings's top-200 (Position 158 in the World).[35]

Healthcare

USP operates 4 hospitals, among them University of São Paulo Medical School Public Hospital, the largest hospital complex in Latin America and the major teaching and training site for the university's School of Medicine - it is considered one of the best health care institutions in Latin America.[36]

Aerial view of the university. The buildings on center are part of the IQ – Institute of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy.

Library system

The University of São Paulo has 42 libraries spread over its schools. Together they represent one of the most important bibliographical collections in Brazil. The libraries are managed by the Integrated Library System (SIB - Sistema Integrado de Bibliotecas in Portuguese), which is also responsible for university's online system - DEDALUS.

Dedalus is an online database that allows simultaneous consultation in all libraries in the university. Dedalus is also integrated to a system named Integrated Research which integrates all online databases signed by the university. That makes academic researches faster and it provides researchers easy access to international publications.

Museums and art galleries

Paulista Museum (Ipiranga Museum)

University of São Paulo manages a rich set of museums and art galleries, most of them located in the central campus, in the city of São Paulo:

Academic career

Divisions

São Paulo Campus
School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities (EACH)
School of Communications and Arts (ECA)
School of Physical Education and Sports (EEFE)
School of Nursing (EE)
Polytechnic School (EP or Poli)
School of Architecture and Urbanism (FAU)
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (FCF)
Law School (FD)
School of Economics, Administration and Accounting (FEA)
School of Education (FE)
School of Philosophy, Literature and Human Sciences (FFLCH)
School of Medicine (FM)
School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Husbandry (FMVZ)
School of Dentistry (FO)
School of Public Health (FSP)
Institute of Astronomy, Geophysics and Atmospheric Science (IAG)
Institute of Bioscience (IB)
Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICB)
Electro-Technical and Energy Institute (IEE)
Institute of Advanced Studies (IEA)
Institute of Brazilian Studies (IEB)
Physics Institute (IF)
Geosciences Institute (IGc)
Institute of Mathematics and Statistics (IME)
São Paulo Institute of Tropical Medicine (IMT)
Psychology Institute (IP)
Chemistry Institute (IQ)
Institute of International Relations (IRI)
Oceanographic Institute (IO)


Bauru Campus
Bauru School of Dentistry (FOB)

São Carlos Campus

Institute of Mathematical and Computer Sciences (ICMC)
São Carlos School of Engineering (EESC)
Institute of Architecture and Urbanism (IAU)
São Carlos Institute of Physics (IFSC)
São Carlos Institute of Chemistry (IQSC)

Lorena Campus

Lorena School of Engineering (EEL)

Piracicaba Campus

Center of Nuclear Energy in Agriculture (CENA)
Higher School of Agriculture “Luiz de Queiroz”


Pirassununga Campus

School of Animal Husbandry and Food Engineering (FZEA)


Ribeirão Preto Campus

Ribeirão Preto School of Physical Education and Sports (EEFERP)
Ribeirão Preto School of Nursing (EERP)
Ribeirão Preto School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (FCFRP)
Ribeirão Preto Law School (FDRP)
Ribeirão Preto School of Economics, Administration and Accounting (FEARP)
Ribeirão Preto School of Philosophy, Science and Literature (FFCLRP)
Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine (FMRP)
Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry (FORP)


São Sebastião Campus

Center of Marine Biology (CEBIMar)


Santos Campus

Admissions

Central plaza at USP's main campus at São Paulo City, showing the Clock Tower.

Brazilian students take USP's entrance exam, the vestibular, which is prepared and administered by FUVEST (University Foundation for Vestibular), subject to regulations approved by the university's Undergraduate Studies Council. In 2012, 159,603 students signed up for Fuvest's vestibular, for a total of 10,982 openings. Candidates are required to take a multiple choice test involving chemistry, physics, mathematics, biology, geography, history, Portuguese and English. The second round of tests is written and specific to the chosen field of studies, including more-in-depth questions in physics, chemistry and mathematics for engineering; history, math and geography for law and so on. In-depth written Portuguese questions are required for all.

International students may come through several exchange programs. In 2012, USP hosted over 2,300 exchange students. Roughly a third of the international students are enrolled in humanities and social sciences, with another third enrolled in engineering courses.[37]

USP does not require its students, national or foreigners, to pay any tuition, as its source of funding comes from São Paulo State.

Undergraduate programs

USP currently offers 229 majors.[38] In the first half of 2004, a total of 3,225 courses were offered. Undergraduate courses are classified by the University in three major areas: Humanities, Biological Sciences and Exact Sciences (hard sciences).

Biological Sciences
Exact Sciences
Humanities


In popular culture

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Universidade de São Paulo – Usp em números 2010" (PDF). Sistemas3.usp.br. Retrieved 30 October 2010.
  2. ↑ "Evolução das Liberações Financeiras do Tesouro do Estado de São Paulo Para a Usp" (PDF). Retrieved 21 January 2013.
  3. ↑ Baty, Phil. "The goals will come". Times Higher Education. Retrieved 30 October 2010.
  4. ↑ "Ranking Universitário Folha - Rankings - Ranking de Universidades". ruf.folha.uol.com.br. Retrieved 2016-04-26.
  5. ↑ "Brazil's Multi-Billion Dollar Education Industry: Shaping Futures, Changing Lives, and Minting Billionaires". Forbes.com. 2013-05-13. Retrieved 2016-04-28.
  6. ↑ Schwartzman, Simon (2010-06-24). "The new ranking of Ibero-American universities | The World View". Insidehighered.com. Retrieved 2016-04-28.
  7. ↑ "World Reputation Rankings". Times Higher Education (THE). 2015-06-04. Retrieved 2016-04-26.
  8. ↑ "QS World University Rankings 2013". Top Universities. 2013-08-27. Retrieved 2016-04-26.
  9. ↑ "COCESP". Usp.br. Retrieved 20 September 2010.
  10. ↑ "PROFESSIONAL RANKING OF WORLD UNIVERSITIES : Enquette 2011" (PDF). Mines-paristech.fr. Retrieved 2016-04-28.
  11. ↑ "Emerging Employability University Ranking". Retrieved 5 July 2015.
  12. ↑ "Instituições públicas concentram as pesquisas científicas". ANPEI. 2014-06-20. Retrieved 2016-04-28.
  13. 1 2 3 "História | USP - Universidade de São Paulo". 5.usp.br. 2014-06-20. Retrieved 2016-04-28.
  14. ↑ "Legado da ditadura na USP é tema de audiência na Comissão da Verdade". Al.sp.gov.br. Retrieved 5 July 2015.
  15. ↑ "ECA relembra seu passado como voz de resistência à ditadura". 5.usp.br. Retrieved 5 July 2015.
  16. ↑ "Comissão da Verdade homenageia Ana Rosa Kucinski em audiência pública". 5.usp.br. Retrieved 5 July 2015.
  17. ↑ "Estudo resgata história dos livros censurados pela ditadura no Brasil". 5.usp.br. Retrieved 5 July 2015.
  18. ↑ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2015. Retrieved 5 February 2015.
  19. ↑ "Faculdade de Direito de Ribeirão Preto". Faculdade de Direito de Ribeirão Preto. Retrieved 5 July 2015.
  20. 1 2 "International Office". Usp.br. Retrieved 5 July 2015.
  21. ↑ "International Office". Usp.br. Retrieved 5 July 2015.
  22. ↑ http://scimagoir.com/ SIR – SCImago Institutions Rankings
  23. ↑ "URAP - University Ranking by Academic Performance". Urapcenter.org. Retrieved 15 August 2013.
  24. ↑ "(Text in Portuguese)". Retrieved 25 February 2012.
  25. ↑ "Highly-ranked French engineering school - MINES PARISTECH". Mines-paristech.eu. Retrieved 5 July 2015.
  26. ↑ "Ranking Web of Universities – World". Retrieved 8 February 2013.
  27. ↑ "World Reputation Rankings 2013". Times Higher Education. Retrieved 5 July 2015.
  28. ↑ "No data records!". Nturanking.lis.ntu.edu.tw. Retrieved 5 July 2015.
  29. ↑ "Academic Ranking of World Universities – 2010". Shanghai Jiaotong University. Retrieved 30 October 2010.
  30. ↑ "CWTS Leiden Ranking 2015 - Ranking 2015". Leidenranking.com. Retrieved 2016-04-28.
  31. ↑ "QS World University Rankings - 2013". Top Universities. 1 September 2013. Retrieved 12 September 2013.
  32. ↑ "Rankings of QS World University - 2013". Top Universities. 1 September 2013. Retrieved 25 September 2013.
  33. ↑ "QS Latin American University Rankings - 2013". Top Universities. 12 September 2013. Retrieved 12 September 2013.
  34. ↑ "Brazilian Universities Strong in 2011 Latin American Ranking". Top Universities. 3 October 2011. Retrieved 15 August 2013.
  35. ↑ "World University Rankings 2012-13". Times Higher Education. Retrieved 5 July 2015.
  36. ↑ América Economia, ed. (2009). "Rankings de Clínicas y Hospitales de América Latina 2009". Retrieved 11 August 2014.
  37. ↑ "G1 - Ciências humanas é preferência entre intercambistas estrangeiros da USP - notícias em Educação". Educação. Retrieved 5 July 2015.
  38. ↑ University of São Paulo. "At USP". 4.usp.br. Retrieved 20 March 2011.

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