SS British Queen
| History | |
|---|---|
 United Kingdom | |
| Name: | British Queen |
| Owner: | British and American Steam Navigation Company |
| Route: | Atlantic crossing. |
| Builder: | London, Curling & Young |
| Maiden voyage: | July 12, 1839 |
| Fate: | 1841: Sold to Belgian Government and scrapped in 1844 |
| General characteristics | |
| Type: | Steamship |
| Tonnage: | 1850 grt |
| Length: | 245 ft (75 m) |
| Beam: | 40 ft (12 m) |
| Sail plan: | 3 masts |
British Queen was a British passenger liner that was the second steamship completed for the transatlantic route when she was commissioned in 1839. She was the largest passenger ship in the world from 1839 to 1840. She was named in honor of Queen Victoria and owned by the British and American Steam Navigation Company. British Queen would have been the first transatlantic steamship had she not been delayed by 18 months because of the liquidation of the firm originally contracted to build her engine.[1]
As the largest ship in the world, British Queen was roomier and more comfortable than her contemporaries. She never won the Blue Riband[2] but matched Great Western's westbound speeds from 1838 through 1840 and was less than a half of a knot slower eastbound.[1]
After completing nine round trip voyages, British Queen was laid up in 1841 when British and American collapsed due to the loss of the President with all on board. She was sold to the Belgian Government for an Antwerp-Cowes-New York service that began in 1842. However, this proved unsuccessful and she was laid up again after three round trip voyages. British Queen was lightly built and was scrapped in 1844 when no further use was found for the pioneer liner.[1]
Development and design
The plan outlined in British and American's prospectus called for placing four 1,200 GRT ships on the London-New York route with fortnightly departures in each direction.[3] However, the size of the company's first unit was increased to 1,850 GRT after it became known that Great Western ordered a 1,350 GRT ship for its first liner.[4] As designed by Macgregor Laird, British Queen was fitted for 207 passengers as compared to Great Western's 148 passengers. At 30 feet wide, her saloon was 9 feet wider than Great Western's.[1]
Laird contracted with Curling and Young of London to build the hull, and intended to retain the Scottish engineer, Robert Napier to build the engine. However, Napier's bid of £20,000 was deemed too high, and another Scottish engine builder, Claud Girdwood tendered a lower price. Unfortunately, Girdwood's firm failed before completing the work and Napier's firm was then retained to build the engine. The delay cost British and American a critical 18 months while work on the Great Western continued.[3]
Originally, the first British and American liner was to be named Royal Victoria after Princess Victoria, but the name was changed to British Queen when the ship was launched on May 24, 1838 because Victoria had just ascended to the throne. When the new ship was towed to Scotland to have her engine installed, it was determined that the hull was not strong enough and Napier installed extra bracing.[3]
Service history
British Queen left London for her maiden voyage to New York on July 11, 1839 and stopped at Portsmouth before entering the Atlantic. Fully booked with passengers including Samuel Cunard, she arrived 15 and a half days later.[5] British Queen cleared New York for her return on August 1, within an hour of Great Western and arrived at Portsmouth on the 15th. Both ships steamed about the same number of miles each day before Great Western anchored at Avonmouth. British Queen completed two additional round trips in 1839 and five in 1840. Her captain claimed that her May 1840 westbound voyage of 13 days, 11 hours was better than Great Western's record, but the claim is not recognized because it was pilot to pilot, rather than the then accepted anchor to anchor. During the three-year period of 1838 through 1840, both British Queen and Great Western averaged 7.95 knots (14.72 km/h) westbound. Eastbound averages were 9.55 knots (17.69 km/h) for Great Western and 9.1 knots (16.9 km/h) for British Queen. A report to the British government concluded that British Queen was "fast when light and in light stern breeze."[1]
During British Queen's refit after the 1840 season, her feathering paddles were changed to non-feathering design to avoid litigation with the patent holder. On her first 1841 voyage, her port paddle wheel malfunctioned by the sixth day when floats attached to the paddles dropped off one by one. The crew was making temporary repairs at sea when the ship was hit by a gale. British Queen finally made port at Halifax instead of New York after 20 days at sea. Her return was to Liverpool, which was to become her new UK terminal. However, she was laid up upon her arrival when British and American failed after the loss of the President.[1]
In August 1841, British Queen was sold to the Belgian Government for an Antwerp-Cowes-New York service that started in May 1842. In respect for Queen Victoria, the Belgians retained her name and she sailed with British officers and engineers. The fare was £21 excluding meals that were an additional charge. The service was unsuccessful and British Queen never carried more than 50 passengers. Her crossing times were slow, and she required 26 days to reach Cowes from New York on her third and last round trip after being forced to refuel at the Azores. She remained at Antwerp for the next two years before she was scrapped.[1]
References
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Gibbs, Charles Robert Vernon (1957). Passenger Liners of the Western Ocean: A Record of Atlantic Steam and Motor Passenger Vessels from 1838 to the Present Day. John De Graff. pp. 37–41.
- ↑ Kludas, Arnold (2002). Record breakers of the North Atlantic, Blue Riband Liners 1838-1953. London: Chatham. ISBN 1-57488-458-1.
- 1 2 3 Fox, Stephen. Transatlantic: Samuel Cunard, Isambard Brunel and the Great Atlantic Steamships.
- ↑ Corlett, Ewan (1975). The Iron Ship: the Story of Brunel's ss Great Britain. Conway.
- ↑ Bernard Dumpleton, “The Story of the Paddle Steamer”, 1973, The Uffington Press, ISBN 0-85475-057-6