Sharpsville Area School District

Sharpsville Area School District
Address
1 Blue Devil Way
Sharpsville, Pennsylvania, Mercer County
United States
Information
Type Public
School board 9 locally elected members
Superintendent Dr. Brad Ferko
Administrator

Mrs Jaime L Roberts, Business Manager
Smith, Christopher, Special Education Supervisor

Kirk Scurpa, Technology Coordinator
Principal Timothy Dadich, HS
Principal John Vannoy, MS $84,452 (2012)
Principal Matthew Dieter, ES $77,714 (2012)
Staff 101 nonteaching staff members
Faculty 79 teachers [1]
Grades K-12
Age 5 years old to 21 years old special education
Pupils 1,321 students (2012-13) [2]
 • Kindergarten 84
 • Grade 1 93
 • Grade 2 83
 • Grade 3 119
 • Grade 4 94
 • Grade 5 104
 • Grade 6 105
 • Grade 7 105
 • Grade 8 112
 • Grade 9 114
 • Grade 10 110
 • Grade 11 97
 • Grade 12 96
 • Other Enrollment projected to be 1,440 pupils in 2020[3]
Budget

$15,371,735 (2013-14)[4]
$14,856,805 (2012-13)[5]
$12,565,000 (2009-10)[6]
$12,020,000 (2008-09)
$11,890,000 (2007-08)

$11,482,000 (2006-07)
Per pupil spending $10,178 (2008)
Per pupil spending $11,019.43 (2010)
Website http://www.sharpsville.k12.pa.us/

The Sharpsville Area School District is a small, suburban/rural, public school district serving parts of Mercer County, Pennsylvania. The District is one of the 500 public school districts of Pennsylvania. The District's attendance area encompasses the communities of: Sharpsville, Clark, and Pymatuning Township. The Sharpsville Area School District encompasses approximately 29 square miles (75 km2). According to 2010 federal census data, it serves a resident population of 7,408. In 2009, the Sharpsville Area School District residents’ per capita income was $19,471, while the median family income was $44,213.[7] In the Commonwealth, the median family income was $49,501 [8] and the United States median family income was $49,445, in 2010.[9]

According to Sharpsville Area School District officials, in school year 2009-10 the Sharpsville Area School District provided basic educational services to 1,334 pupils. It employed: 87 teachers, 55 full-time and part-time support personnel, and 7 administrators. Sharpsville Area School District received more than $8.3 million in state funding in school year 2009-10. In school year 2007-08, the SASD provided basic educational services to 1,232 pupils. The District employed: 87 teachers, 59 full-time and part-time support personnel, and 7 administrators. Sharpsville Area School District received more than $8.1 million in state funding in school year 2007-08.

Sharpsville Area School District operates: Sharpsville Area Elementary School, Sharpsville Area Middle School, and Sharpsville Area Senior High School. The middle and high schools are connected- and as a direct result, many staff members and several rooms are shared between the two. The cafeteria in the middle school underwent a major renovation in 2011.

Governance

Sharpsville Area School District is governed by 9 individually elected board members (serve without compensation for a term of four years), the Pennsylvania State Board of Education, the Pennsylvania Department of Education and the Pennsylvania General Assembly.[10] The federal government controls programs it funds like: Title I funding for low income children in the Elementary and Secondary Education Act and the No Child Left Behind Act, which mandates the district focus resources on student success in acquiring reading and math skills. The Superintendent and Business Manager are appointed by the school board. The Superintendent is the chief administrative officer with overall responsibility for all aspects of operations, including education and finance. The Business Manager is responsible for budget and financial operations. Neither of these officials are voting members of the School Board.

The Commonwealth Foundation for Public Policy Alternatives Sunshine Review gave the school board and district administration a "F" for transparency based on a review of "What information can people find on their school district's website". It examined the school district's website for information regarding; taxes, the current budget, meetings, school board members names and terms, contracts, audits, public records information and more.[11]

Academic achievement

Sharpsville Area School District was ranked 109th out of 500 Pennsylvania school districts by the Pittsburgh Business Times in 2013.[12] The ranking was based on student academic achievement as demonstrated on the last three years of the PSSAs for: reading, writing, math and science.[13] The PSSAs are given to all children in grades 3rd through 8th and the 11th grade in high school. Adapted examinations are given to children in the special education programs.

Overachiever statewide ranking

In 2013, the Pittsburgh Business Times also reported an Overachievers Ranking for 498 Pennsylvania school districts. Sharpsville Area School District ranked 177th. In 2011, the district was ranked 146th.[16] The editor describes the ranking as: "a ranking answers the question - which school districts do better than expectations based upon economics? This rank takes the Honor Roll rank and adds the percentage of students in the district eligible for free and reduced-price lunch into the formula. A district finishing high on this rank is smashing expectations, and any district above the median point is exceeding expectations."[17]

District AYP status history

In 2012, Sharpsville Area School District achieved AYP status.[18] In 2011, Sharpsville Area School District achieved Adequate Yearly Progress (AYP). In 2011, 94 percent of the 500 Pennsylvania public school districts achieved the No Child Left Behind Act progress level of 72% of students reading on grade level and 67% of students demonstrating on grade level math. In 2011, 46.9 percent of Pennsylvania school districts achieved Adequate Yearly Progress (AYP) based on student performance. An additional 37.8 percent of Pennsylvania public school districts made AYP based on a calculated method called safe harbor, 8.2 percent on the growth model and 0.8 percent on a two-year average performance.[19] Sharpsville Area School District achieved AYP status each year from 2003 to 2010.[20]

Graduation rate

In 2012, Sharpsville Area School District’s graduation rate declined to 93%.[21] In 2011, the graduation rate was %.[22] In 2010, the Pennsylvania Department of Education issued a new, 4-year cohort graduation rate. High School's rate was % for 2010.[23]

According to traditional graduation rate calculations

High School

Sharpsville Area High School is located at 301 Blue Devil Way, Sharpsville. According to the National Center for Education Statistics, in 2011, the school reported an enrollment of 390 pupils in grades 9th through 10th, with 121 pupils eligible for a federal free or reduced price lunch due to the family meeting the federal poverty level. The school employed 28 teachers yielding a student-teacher ratio of 13:1.[28] According to a report by the Pennsylvania Department of Education, 100% of its teachers were rated "Highly Qualified" under the federal No Child Left Behind Act.[29]

In 2012, Sharpsville Area Senior High School achieved AYP status. In 2010 and 2011, Sharpsville Area Senior High School achieved AYP status.[30]

PSSA results

11th Grade Reading:

11th Grade Math:

11th Grade Science:

Science in Motion Sharpsville Area Senior High School took advantage of a state program called Science in Motion which brought college professors and sophisticated science equipment to the school to raise science awareness and to provide inquiry-based experiences for the students. The Science in Motion program was funded by a state appropriation and cost the school nothing to participate.[47] Westminster College provided the enrichment experiences.

College Remediation Rate

According to a Pennsylvania Department of Education study released in January 2009, 26% of the Sharpsville Area Senior High School graduates required remediation in mathematics and or reading before they were prepared to take college level courses in the Pennsylvania State System of Higher Education or community colleges.[48] Less than 66% of Pennsylvania high school graduates, who enroll in a four-year college in Pennsylvania, will earn a bachelor's degree within six years. Among Pennsylvania high school graduates pursuing an associate degree, only one in three graduate in three years.[49] Per the Pennsylvania Department of Education, one in three recent high school graduates who attend Pennsylvania's public universities and community colleges takes at least one remedial course in math, reading or English.

Dual enrollment

Sharpsville Area Senior High School offers a dual enrollment program. This state program permits high school students to take courses, at local higher education institutions, to earn college credits. Students remain enrolled at their high school. The courses count towards high school graduation requirements and towards earning a college degree. The students continue to have full access to activities and programs at their high school. The college credits are offered at a deeply discounted rate. The state offered a small grant to assist students in costs for tuition, fees and books.[50] Under the Pennsylvania Transfer and Articulation Agreement, many Pennsylvania colleges and universities accept these credits for students who transfer to their institutions.[51] Under state rules, other students that reside in the district, who attend a private school, a charter school or are homeschooled are eligible to participate in this program.[52] In 2010, Governor Edward Rendell eliminated the grants to students, from the Commonwealth, due to a state budget crisis. In 2010, Sharpsville Area Senior School District received $5044 to support students in its dual enrollment program.

Graduation requirements

Among Pennsylvania's 500 public school districts, graduation requirements widely vary. Sharpsville Area School Board has determined that a pupil must earn 26 units to graduate, including: a required class every year in math (including Algebra and Geometry), English, social studies, science (including Biology, Chemistry, and Physics), Physical Education, health, a foreign language, Consumer Education (includes child are) and electives.[53]

By law, all Pennsylvania secondary school students were required to complete a project as a part of their eligibility to graduate from high school. The type of project, its rigor and its expectations are set by the individual school district.[54] Effective with the graduating class of 2017, the Pennsylvania State Board of Education eliminated the state mandate that students complete a culminating project in order to graduate.[55]

By Pennsylvania School Board regulations, beginning with the class of 2017, public school students must demonstrate successful completion of secondary level course work in Algebra I, Biology, and English Literature by passing the Keystone Exams.[56] The exam is given at the end of the course. Keystone Exams replace the PSSAs for 11th grade. Students have several opportunities to pass the exam, with those who do not able to perform a project in order to graduate.[57][58] For the class of 2019, a Composition exam will be added. For the class of 2020, passing a civics and government exam will be added to the graduation requirements.[59] In 2011, Pennsylvania high school students field tested the Algebra 1, Biology and English Lit exams. The statewide results were: Algebra 1 38% on grade level, Biology 35% on grade level and English Lit - 49% on grade level.[60] Individual student, school or district reports were not made public, although they were reported to district officials by the Pennsylvania Department of Education. Students identified as having special needs and qualifying for an Individual Educational Program (IEP) may graduate by meeting the requirements of their IEP.

SAT scores

In 2012, 71 Sharpsville Area School District students took the SAT exams. The District's Verbal Average Score was 488. The Math average score was 489. The Writing average score was 465. The statewide Verbal SAT exams results were: Verbal 491, Math 501, Writing 480. In the USA, 1.65 million students took the exams achieving scores: Verbal 496, Math 514, Writing 488. According to the College Board the maximum score on each section was 800, and 360 students nationwide scored a perfect 2,400.

In 2011, 72 Sharpsville Area School District students took the SAT exams. The District's Verbal Average Score was 469. The Math average score was 464. The Writing average score was 456.[61] Pennsylvania ranked 40th among states with SAT scores: Verbal - 493, Math - 501, Writing - 479.[62] In the United States, 1.65 million students took the exam in 2011. They averaged 497 (out of 800) verbal, 514 math and 489 in writing.[63]

Middle school

Sharpsville Area Middle School is located at 303 Blue Devil Way, Sharpsville. According to the National Center for Education Statistics, in 2011, the school reported an enrollment of 337 pupils in grades 6th through 8th, with 103 pupils receiving a federal free or reduced price lunch due to family poverty. The school employed 17 teachers yielding a student-teacher ratio of 20:1.[64] According to a report by the Pennsylvania Department of Education, 17 teachers were rated "Highly Qualified" under the federal No Child Left Behind Act.[65]

In 2011 and 2012, Sharpsville Area Middle School achieved AYP status.[66]

PSSA Results:

8th Grade Reading:

  • 2012 - 85% on grade level (6% below basic). State - 79%[67]
  • 2011 - 87% (6% below basic) State - 81.8%
  • 2010 - 90% (7% below basic). State - 81%
  • 2009 - 81% (11% below basic), State - 80%
  • 2008 - 83% (9% below basic), State - 78%
  • 2007 - 80% (8% below basic), State - 75%

8th Grade Math:

  • 2012 - 84% (6% below basic). State - 76% [68]
  • 2011 - 89% (6% below basic). State - 76.9% [69]
  • 2010 - 89% (6% below basic). State - 75%[70]
  • 2009 - 64% (20% below basic). State - 71% [71]
  • 2008 - 68% (19% below basic). State - 70%[72]
  • 2007 - 64% (15% below basic). State - 68%[73]

8th Grade Science:

7th Grade Reading:

  • 2012 - 83% (7% below basic). State – 76%
  • 2011 - 86% (5% below basic). State – 76%
  • 2010 - 80% (5% below basic). State - 73%
  • 2009 - 83% (7% below basic). State - 71%
  • 2008 - 72% (10% below basic). State - 70%
  • 2007 - 74% (9% below basic). State - 67%

7th Grade Math:

  • 2012 - 85% (6% below basic). State - 80%
  • 2011 - 88% (8% below basic). State - 78.6%
  • 2010 - 83% (6% below basic). State - 77%
  • 2009 - 76% (9% below basic), State - 75%
  • 2008 - 69% (15% below basic), State - 71%
  • 2007 - 71% (15% below basic), State - 67%

6th Grade Reading:

  • 2012 - 61% (25% below basic). State - 68%
  • 2011 - 70% (9% below basic). State - 69.9%
  • 2010 - 73% (10% below basic). State - 68%
  • 2009 - 59% (18% below basic), State - 67%
  • 2008 - 67% (13% below basic), State - 67%
  • 2007 - 65% (20% below basic), State - 63%

6th Grade Math:

  • 2012 - 80% (7% below basic). State - 77%
  • 2011 - 72% (10% below basic). State - 78.8%
  • 2010 - 73% (7% below basic). State - 78%
  • 2009 - 52% (20% below basic), State - 75%
  • 2008 - 62% (18% below basic), State - 72%
  • 2007 - 60% (20% below basic), State - 69%

Elementary school

Sharpsville Area School is located at. According to the National Center for Education Statistics, in 2011, the school reported an enrollment of 609 pupils in grades kindergarten through 5th, with 245 pupils receiving a federal free or reduced price lunch due to family poverty. The school is a federally designated Title I school. The school employed 34 teachers yielding a student-teacher ratio of 18:1.[74] According to a report by the Pennsylvania Department of Education, 100% of its teachers were rated "Highly Qualified" under No Child Left Behind.[75]

In 2011 and 2012, Sharpsville Area Elementary School achieved AYP status.[76]

5th Grade Reading:

  • 2012 - 72 on grade level (13% below basic). In Pennsylvania, 65% of 5th graders are on grade level.[77]
  • 2011 - 59% (18% below basic). State - 67.3%[78]
  • 2010 - 60% (17% below basic). State - 64%[79]
  • 2009 - 57% (15% below basic). State - 64% [80]
  • 2008 - 63% (19% below basic). State - 62% [81]
  • 2007 - 66% (10% below basic). State - 60% [82]

5th Grade Math:

  • 2012 - 87% (7% below basic). State - 73%
  • 2011 - 75% (10% below basic). State - 74%
  • 2010 - 78% (10% below basic). State - 76.3%
  • 2009 - 70% (10% below basic). State - 73%
  • 2008 - 77% (11% below basic). State - 73%
  • 2007 - 79% (5% below basic). State - 71%

4th Grade Reading
  • 2012 - 74% (18% below basic). State - 72%
  • 2011 - 81% (9% below basic). State - 73%
  • 2010 - 71% (17% below basic). State - 73%
  • 2009 - 73% (9% below basic). State - 72%
  • 2008 - 73% (11% below basic). State - 70%
  • 2007 - 70% (16% below basic). State - 60%
4th Grade Math
  • 2012 - 77% (12% below basic). State - 82%
  • 2011 - 91% (4% below basic). State - 85%
  • 2010 - 81% (11% below basic). State - 84%
  • 2009 - 86% (5% below basic). State - 81%
  • 2008 - 79% (12% below basic). State - 80%
  • 2007 - 77% (13% below basic). State - 78%

4th Grade Science

3rd Grade Reading
  • 2012 - 73%, (12% below basic). State - 74% [83]
  • 2011 - 68%, (20% below basic). State - 77%
  • 2010 - 74%, (8% below basic). State - 75%
  • 2009 - 69%, (20% below basic). State - 77%
  • 2008 - 83%, (10% below basic). State - 70%
  • 2007 - 76%, (13% below basic). State - 72%
3rd Grade Math
  • 2012 - 83%, (7% below basic). State - 80%
  • 2011 - 80%, (9% below basic). State - 83%
  • 2010 - 86%, (6% below basic). State - 84%
  • 2009 - 80%, (4% below basic). State - 81%
  • 2008 - 86%, (4% below basic). State - 80%
  • 2007 - 87%, (6% below basic). State - 78%

Special education

In December 2010, the Sharpsville Area School District administration reported that 160 pupils or 12% of the District's pupils received Special Education services, with 47% of the identified students having a specific learning disability.[84] In December 2009, the District administration reported that 155 pupils or 11% of the district's pupils received Special Education services, with 47% of the identified students having a specific learning disability. Special education services in the Commonwealth are provided to students from ages three years to 21 years old. In the 2010-11 school year, the total student enrollment was more than 1.78 million students with approximately 275,000 students eligible for special education services. Among these students 18,959 were identified with mental retardation and 21,245 students with autism.[85] The largest group of students are identified as Specific Learning Disabilities 126,026 students (46.9 percent) and Speech or Language Impairments with 43,542 students (16.2 percent).

In order to comply with state and federal Individuals with Disabilities Education Act rules and regulations, the school district engages in identification procedures to ensure that eligible students receive an appropriate educational program consisting of special education and related services, individualized to meet student needs. At no cost to the parents, these services are provided in compliance with state and federal law; and are reasonably calculated to yield meaningful educational benefit and student progress .[86] To identify students who may be eligible for special education services, various screening activities are conducted on an ongoing basis. These screening activities include: review of group-based data (cumulative records, enrollment records, health records, report cards, ability and achievement test scores); hearing, vision, motor, and speech/language screening; and review by the Special Education administration. When screening results suggest that the student may be eligible, the District seeks parental consent to conduct a multidisciplinary evaluation. Parents who suspect their child is eligible may verbally request a multidisciplinary evaluation from a professional employee of the District or contact the district's Special Education Department.[87][88] The IDEA 2004 requires each school entity to publish a notice to parents, in newspapers or other media, including the student handbook and website regarding the availability of screening and intervention services and how to access them. The Midwestern Intermediate Unit IV works with the District providing services to students and training for teachers.[89]

In 2010, the state of Pennsylvania provided $1,026,815,000 for Special Education services. This funding is in addition to the state's basic education per pupil funding, as well as, all other state and federal funding.[90] The Special Education funding structure is through the federal Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) funds and state appropriations. IDEA funds are appropriated to the state on an annual basis and distributed through intermediate units (IUs) to school districts, while state funds are distributed directly to the districts. Total funds that are received by school districts are calculated through a formula. The Pennsylvania Department of Education oversees four appropriations used to fund students with special needs: Special Education; Approved Private Schools; Pennsylvania Chartered Schools for the Deaf and Blind; and Early Intervention. The Pennsylvania Special Education funding system assumes that 16% of the district’s students receive special education services. It also assumes that each student’s needs accrue the same level of costs.[91] Over identification of students, in order to increase state funding, has been an issue in the Commonwealth. Some districts have more than 20% of its students receiving special education services while others have 10% supported through special education.[92] The state requires each public school district and charter school to have a three-year special education plan to meet the unique needs of its special education students.[93] In 2012, the Obama Administration's US Department of Education issued a directive that schools include students with disabilities in extracurricular activities, including sports.[94]

The School District received a $669,290 supplement for special education services in 2010.[95] For the 2011-12, 2012–13 and 2013-14 school years, all Pennsylvania public school districts received the same level of funding for special education that they received in 2010-11. This level funding is provided regardless of changes in the number of pupils who need special education services and regardless of the level of services the respective students required.[96][97] Additionally, the state provides supplemental funding for extraordinarily impacted students. The District must apply for this added funding.

Gifted education

The District Administration reported that 31 or 2.32% of its students were gifted in 2009. The highest percentage of gifted students reported among all 500 school districts and 100 public charter schools in Pennsylvania was North Allegheny School District with 15.5% of its students identified as gifted.[98] By law, the district must provide mentally gifted programs at all grade levels. The referral process for a gifted evaluation can be initiated by teachers or parents by contacting the student’s building principal and requesting an evaluation. All requests must be made in writing. To be eligible for mentally gifted programs in Pennsylvania, a student must have a cognitive ability of at least 130 as measured on a standardized ability test by a certified school psychologist. Other factors that indicate giftedness will also be considered for eligibility.[99][100]

Budget

Pennsylvania public school districts budget and expend funds according to procedures mandated by the General Assembly and the Pennsylvania Department of Education (PDE). An annual operating budget is prepared by school district administrative officials. A uniform form is furnished by the PDE and submitted to the board of school directors for approval prior to the beginning of each fiscal year on July 1.

Under Pennsylvania’s Taxpayer Relief Act, Act 1 of the Special Session of 2006, all school districts of the first class A, second class, third class and fourth class must adopt a preliminary budget proposal. The proposal must include estimated revenues and expenditures and the proposed tax rates. This proposed budget must be considered by the Board no later than 90 days prior to the date of the election immediately preceding the fiscal year. The preliminary budget proposal must also be printed and made available for public inspection at least 20 days prior to its adoption. The board of school directors may hold a public hearing on the budget, but are not required to do so. The board must give at least 10 days’ public notice of its intent to adopt the final budget according to Act 1 of 2006.[101]

In 2011, the average teacher salary in Sharpsville Area School District was $60,475 a year, while the cost of the benefits teachers received was $16,959 per employee, for a total annual average teacher compensation of $77,434.[102] The District employed 89 teachers and administrators with a top salary of $115,000.[103]

In 2009, Sharpsville Area School District reported employing 93 teachers and administrators with a median salary of $58,687 and a top salary of $106,000.[104] The teacher’s work day is 7 hours 30 minutes with a 30-minute duty-free lunch and a daily preparation period. There are 185 days in the contract year. Additionally, the teachers receive a defined benefit pension, health insurance, dental insurance, vision insurance, professional development reimbursement, 5 paid bereavement days, 1 paid family emergency day, 2 paid personal days, 10 paid sick days, 5 paid family illness days which are deducted from sick bank, and other benefits.[105]

Sharpsville Area School District administrative costs per pupil in 2008 was $708.10 per pupil. The lowest administrative cost per pupil in Pennsylvania was $398 per pupil.[106] The superintendent does not live in the Sharpsville Area School District. His children attend the District's schools tuition free as a part of the superintendent's contract. Superintendents and administrators receive a benefit package commensurate with that offered to the district's teachers' union.[107]

Per pupil spending In 2008, the Sharpsville Area School District administration reported that per pupil spending was $10,178. In 2010, the District’s per pupil spending had increased to $11,019.43 .[108] In 2011, Pennsylvania’s per pupil spending was $13,467, ranking 6th in the United States.[109] In 2007, the Pennsylvania per pupil total expenditures was reported as $12,759.[110]

The U.S. Census Bureau reported that Pennsylvania spent $8,191 per pupil in school year 2000-01.[111] In 2007, the Pennsylvania per pupil total expenditures was reported as $12,759.[112] Among the fifty states, Pennsylvania’s total per pupil revenue (including all sources) ranked 11th at $15,023 per student, in 2008-09.[113] Pennsylvania’s total revenue per pupil rose to $16,186 ranking 9th in the nation in 2011.[114]

Tuition Students who live in the Sharpsville Area School District's attendance area may choose to attend one of Pennsylvania's 157 public charter schools. A student living in a neighboring public school district or a foreign exchange student may seek admission to Sharpsville Area School District. For these cases, the Pennsylvania Department of Education sets an annual tuition rate for each school district. It is the amount the public school district pays to a charter school for each resident student that attends the charter and it is the amount a nonresident student's parents must pay to attend the District's schools. The 2012 tuition rates are Elementary School - $7,611.61, High School - $8,708.64.[115]

Reserves In 2008, the Sharpsville Area School District reported a balance of $307,083, in its unreserved-designated fund. The unreserved-undesignated fund balance was reported as $757,696.[116] In 2011, Sharpsville Area School District Administration reported an increase to $1,806,372 in reserves. Pennsylvania public school district reserve funds are divided into two categories – designated and undesignated. The undesignated funds are not committed to any planned project. Designated funds and any other funds, such as capital reserves, are allocated to specific projects. School districts are required by state law to keep 5 percent of their annual spending in the undesignated reserve funds to preserve bond ratings. According to the Pennsylvania Department of Education, from 2003 to 2010, as a whole, Pennsylvania school districts amassed nearly $3 billion in reserved funds.[117] By 2013, reserves held by Pennsylvania public school districts, as a whole, had increased to over $3.8 billion.[118]

Audit In June 2012, the Pennsylvania Auditor General conducted a performance audit of the District. The findings were reported to the School Board and the District’s administration.[119]

The Sharpsville Area School District is funded by a combination of: a local earned income tax 1%,[120] a flat occupation tax $10, a property tax, per capita tax section 679 - $5, a real estate transfer tax 0.5%, coupled with substantial funding from the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania and the federal government.[121] Grants can provide an opportunity to supplement school funding without raising local taxes. Interest earnings on accounts also provide nontax income to the District. In the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, pension income and Social Security income are exempted from state personal income tax and local earned income tax, regardless of the level of the individual’s personal wealth.[122] The average Pennsylvania public school teacher pension in 2011 exceeds $60,000 a year plus they receive federal Social Security benefits: both are free of Pennsylvania state income tax and local income tax which funds local public schools.[123]

State basic education funding

For the 2013-14 school year, the Sharpsville Area School District will receive a 1.7% increase or $6,023,106 in Pennsylvania Basic Education Funding. This is $100,370 more than its 2012-13 state BEF to the District. Additionally, Sharpsville Area School District will receive $85,281 in Accountability Block Grant funding to focus on academic achievement and level funding for special education services. Among the public school districts in Mercer County, Hermitage School District received the highest percentage increase at 2.2%. The District has the option of applying for several other state and federal grants to increase revenues. The Commonwealth’s budget increased Basic Education Funding statewide by $123 million to over $5.5 billion. Most of Pennsylvania’s 500 public school districts received an increase of Basic Education Funding in a range of 0.9% to 4%. Eight public school districts received exceptionally high funding increases of 10% to 16%. The highest increase in state funding was awarded to Austin Area School District which received a 22.5% increase in Basic Education Funding.[124] The state funded the PSERS (Pennsylvania school employee pension fund) with $1,017,000,000 and Social Security payments for school employees of $495 million.[125]

For the 2012-13 school year, the Sharpsville Area School District received $5,922,736 .[126] The Governor's Executive Budget for 2012-2013 included $9.34 billion for kindergarten through 12th grade public education, including $5.4 billion in basic education funding, which was an increase of $49 million over the 2011-12 budget. In addition, the Commonwealth provided $100 million for the Accountability Block Grant (ABG) program. Sharpsville Area School District also received $85,281 in Accountability Block Grant funding. The state also provided a $544.4 million payment for School Employees’ Social Security and $856 million for School Employees’ Retirement fund called PSERS.[127] This amount was a $21,823,000 increase (0.34%) over the 2011-2012 appropriations for Basic Education Funding, School Employees' Social Security, Pupil Transportation, Nonpublic and Charter School Pupil Transportation. Since taking office, Corbett’s first two budgets have restored more than $918 million in support of public schools, compensating for the $1 billion in federal stimulus dollars lost at the end of the 2010-11 school year.

In 2011-12, the Sharpsville Area School District received a $5,922,736 allocation, of state Basic Education Funding.[128][129] Additionally, the Sharpsville Area School District received $85,282 in Accountability Block Grant funding. The enacted Pennsylvania state Education budget included $5,354,629,000 for the 2011-2012 Basic Education Funding appropriation. This amount was a $233,290,000 increase (4.6%) over the enacted State appropriation for 2010-2011.[130] The highest increase in state basic education funding was awarded to Duquesne City School District of Allegheny County, which got a 49% increase in state funding for 2011-12.[131] In 2010, the district reported that 441 students received free or reduced price lunches, due to the family meeting the federal poverty level.[132]

In the 2010-11 budget year, the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania provided a 3.76% increase in Basic Education Funding for a total of $6,429,366. Among the districts in Mercer County, the highest increase went to Greenville Area School District which got a 7.54% increase. One hundred fifty Pennsylvania school districts received the base 2% increase. The highest increase in 2010-11 went to Kennett Consolidated School District in Chester County, which received a 23.65% increase in state funding.[133] Fifteen (15) Pennsylvania public school districts received a BEF increase of greater than 10%. The state's hold harmless policy regarding state basic education funding continued where each district received at least the same amount as it received the prior school year, even when enrollment had significantly declined. The amount of increase each school district received was set by Governor Edward Rendell and then Secretary of Education Gerald Zahorchak, as a part of the state budget proposal given each February. This was the second year of Governor Rendell’s policy to fund some public school districts at a far greater rate than others.[134]

In the 2009-10 budget year, the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania provided a 4.62% increase in Basic Education Funding for a total of $5,462,044 to Sharpsville Area School District. Among the districts in Mercer County, the highest increase went to Sharon City School District which got a 7.59%. Ninety (90) Pennsylvania public school districts received the base 2% increase. Muhlenberg School District in Berks County received a 22.31% increase in state basic education funding in 2009.[135] The amount of increase each school district received was set by Governor Edward G. Rendell and the Secretary of Education Gerald Zahorchak, as a part of the state budget proposal.[136]

The state Basic Education Funding to the District in 2008-09 was $5,922,736.49. According to the Pennsylvania Department of Education, 373 district students received free or reduced- price lunches due to low family income in the 2007–2008 school year.[137] According to the U.S. Census Bureau, Pennsylvania spent $7,824 Per Pupil in the year 2000. This amount increased up to $12,085 by the year 2008.[138][139]

Accountability Block Grants

Beginning in 2004-2005, the state launched the Accountability Block Grant school funding. This program has provided $1.5 billion to Pennsylvania’s school districts. The Accountability Block Grant program requires that its taxpayer dollars are focused on specific interventions that are most likely to increase student academic achievement. These interventions include: teacher training, All Day Kindergarten, lower class size K-3rd grade, literacy and math coaching programs that provide teachers with individualized job-embedded professional development to improve their instruction, before or after school tutoring assistance to struggling students. For 2010-11, Sharpsville Area School District applied for and received $231,475 in addition to all other state and federal funding. The District uses the funding to provide Full Day kindergarten, to pay Literacy and math coaches and reduced class size K-3rd grade.[140][141] Sharpsville Area School District has provided a targeted, full-day kindergarten since 2006.[142]

Classrooms for the Future grant

The Classroom for the Future state program provided districts with hundreds of thousands of extra state funding to buy laptop computers for each core curriculum high school class (English, Science, History, Math) and paid for teacher training to optimize the computers use. The program was funded from 2006 to 2009. Sharpsville Area School District did not apply to participate in 2006-07 or in 2007-08. The district received $83,715 in 2008-09.[143] Among the public school districts in Mercer County the highest award was given to Greenville Area School District which received $344,743. The highest funding statewide was awarded to Philadelphia City School District in Philadelphia County - $9,409,073. The grant program was discontinued by Governor Edward Rendell as part of the 2009-10 state budget.

Environmental Education Grant

The Environmental Education Grant Program was established by the Environmental Education Act of 1993, which mandates that 5 percent of all pollution fines and penalties collected annually by the Department of Environmental Protection be set aside for environmental education. In 2011, Sharpsville Area School District was awarded $7,181 to build and install a greenhouse to be used by the industrial technology, community-based education, environmental, culinary, math and biology classes.[144]

Science It’s Elementary grant

Sharpsville Area Elementary School successfully applied to participate and received a Science It’s Elementary grant in 2008-09. For the 2008-09 school year, the program was offered in 143 schools reaching 66,973 students across the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania.[145] In 2007, the Pennsylvania Department of Education initiated an effort to improve science instruction in the Commonwealth’s public elementary schools. Called Science: It’s Elementary, the program was a hands on instruction approach for elementary science classes that develops problem-solving and critical thinking skills.[146] To encourage schools to adopt the program’s standards aligned curriculum, the state provided a grant to cover the costs of materials and extensive mandatory teacher training.[147] The district was required to develop a three-year implementation plan for the participating school. The school district administration was required to appoint a district liaison who was paid $3,000 by PDE to serve as the conduit of all information between the district and the Department and its agents along with submitting orders and distributing supplies to implementing teachers. For the 2006-07 state education budget, $10 million was allocated for the program. The grant program was expanded to $14.5 million in the 2008-09 budget. The grant was discontinued in the state’s 2011 budget by Governor Edward G. Rendell.

Education Assistance Grant

The state's EAP funding provides for the continuing support of tutoring services and other programs to address the academic needs of eligible students. Funds are available to eligible school districts and full-time career and technology centers (CTC) in which one or more schools have failed to meet at least one academic performance target, as provided for in Section 1512-C of the Pennsylvania Public School Code. In 2010-11 the Sharpsville Area School District received $23,421.[148]

Other grants

Sharpsville Area School District did not participate in: 2012 Striving Readers Comprehensive Literacy grant nor the federal 21st Century Learning grants.

Federal Stimulus grant

Sharpsville Area School District received an extra $1,901,292 in American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA) - Federal Stimulus money to be used in specific programs like special education and meeting the academic needs of low-income students.[149][150] The funding was limited to the 2009-10 and 2010-2011 school years.[151] Due to the temporary nature of the funding, schools were repeatedly advised to use the funds for one time expenditures like: acquiring equipment, making repairs to buildings, training teachers to provide more effective instruction or purchasing books and software.

Race to the Top grant

Sharpsville Area School District officials did not apply for the federal Race to the Top grant which would have provided nearly one million dollars, in additional federal funding, to improve student academic achievement.[152] Participation required the administration, the school board and the local teachers' union to sign an agreement to prioritize improving student academic success. In Pennsylvania, 120 public school districts and 56 charter schools agreed to participate.[153] Pennsylvania was not approved for the grant. The failure of districts to agree to participate was cited as one reason that Pennsylvania was not approved.[154][155][156]

Real estate taxes

Property tax rates in 2013-14 were set by the school board at 68.75 mills. A mill is $1 of tax for every $1,000 of a property's assessed value. Irregular property reassessments have become a serious issue in the commonwealth as it creates a significant disparity in taxation within a community and across a region.[157] Property taxes, in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, apply only to real estate - land and buildings. The property tax is not levied on cars, business inventory, or other personal property. Certain types of property are exempt from property taxes, including: places of worship, places of burial, private social clubs, charitable and educational institutions and all government property (local, state and federal). Additionally, service related, disabled US military veterans may seek an exemption from paying property taxes. Pennsylvania school district revenues are dominated by two main sources: 1) Property tax collections, which account for the vast majority (between 75-85%) of local revenues; and 2) Act 511 tax collections, which are around 15% of revenues for school districts.[158] When a Pennsylvania public school district includes municipalities in two counties, each of which has different rates of property tax assessment, a state board equalizes the tax rates between the counties.[159] In 2010, miscalculations by the State Tax Equalization Board (STEB) were widespread in the Commonwealth and adversely impacted funding for many school districts, including those that did not cross county borders.[160]

The average yearly property tax paid by Mercer County residents amounts to about 2.88% of their yearly income. Mercer County ranked 672nd out of the 3143 United States counties for property taxes as a percentage of median income.[169] According to a report prepared by the Pennsylvania Department of Education, the total real estate taxes collected by all school districts in Pennsylvania rose from $6,474,133,936 in 1999-00 to $10,438,463,356 in 2008-09 and to $11,153,412,490 in 2011.[170] Property taxes in Pennsylvania are relatively high on a national scale. According to the Tax Foundation, Pennsylvania ranked 11th in the U.S. in 2008 in terms of property taxes paid as a percentage of home value (1.34%) and 12th in the country in terms of property taxes as a percentage of income (3.55%).[171]

Act 1 Adjusted Index

The Act 1 of 2006 Index regulates the rates at which each school district can raise property taxes in Pennsylvania. Districts are not permitted to raise property taxes above their annual Act 1 Index unless they either: allow Districts voters to approve the increase through a vote by referendum or they receive an exception from the Pennsylvania Department of Education. The base index for the school year is published by the PDE in the fall of each year. Each individual school district’s Act 1 Index can be adjusted higher, depending on a number of factors, such as local property values and the personal income of district residents. Originally, Act 1 of 2006 included 10 exceptions, including: increasing pension costs, increases in special education costs, a catastrophe like a fire or flood, increase in health insurance costs for contracts in effect in 2006 or dwindling tax bases. The base index is the average of the percentage increase in the statewide average weekly wage, as determined by the PA Department of Labor and Industry, for the preceding calendar year and the percentage increase in the Employment Cost Index for Elementary and Secondary Schools, as determined by the Bureau of Labor Statistics in the U.S. Department of Labor, for the previous 12-month period ending June 30. For a school district with a market value/personal income aid ratio (MV/PI AR) greater than 0.4000, its index equals the base index multiplied by the sum of .75 and its MV/PI AR for the current year.[172]

In June 2011, the Pennsylvania General Assembly passed legislation eliminating six of the exceptions to the Act 1 Index.[173] Several exceptions were maintained: 1) costs to pay interest and principal on indebtedness incurred prior to September 4, 2004 for Act 72 schools and prior to June 27, 2006 for non-Act 72 schools; 2) costs to pay interest and principal on electoral debt; 3) costs incurred in providing special education programs and services (beyond what is already paid by the State); and 4) costs due to increases of more than the Index in the school’s share of payments to PSERS (PA school employees pension fund) taking into account the state mandated PSERS contribution rate.[174][175] The legislature also froze the payroll amount public school districts use to calculate the pension-plan exception at the 2012 payroll levels. Further increases in payroll cannot be used to raise the district’s exception for pension payments.

A specific timeline for Act I Index decisions is published annually, by the Pennsylvania Department of Education.[176]

The School District Adjusted Index history for the Sharpsville Area School District:

  • 2006-07 - 5.5%, Base 3.9%[177]
  • 2007-08 - 4.9%, Base 3.4%
  • 2008-09 - 6.3%, Base 4.4%
  • 2009-10 - 5.9%, Base 4.1%
  • 2010-11 - 4.2%, Base 2.9%
  • 2011-12 - 2.0%, Base 1.4%
  • 2012-13 - 2.5%, Base 1.7% [178]
  • 2013-14 - 2.5%, Base 1.7% [179]

For the 2013-14 budget year, Sharpsville Area School Board did not apply for exceptions to exceed their Act 1 Index limit. For the school budget year 2013-14, 311 Pennsylvania public school districts adopted a resolution certifying that tax rates would not be increased above their index. Another 171 school districts adopted a preliminary budget leaving open the option of exceeded the Index limit. For the exception for pension costs, 89 school districts received approval to exceed the Index in full while others received a partial approval of their request. For special education costs, 75 districts received approval to exceed their tax limit. For the pension costs exception, 169 school districts received approval to exceed the Index. Eleven Pennsylvania public school districts received an approval for grandfathered construction debts.[180]

For the 2012-13 budget year, Sharpsville Area School Board applied for two exceptions to exceed the Act 1 Index: special education costs and teacher pensions costs. For 2012-2013, 274 school districts adopted a resolution certifying that tax rates would not be increased above their index; 223 school districts adopted a preliminary budget leaving open the option of exceeded the Index limit. For the exception for pension costs, 194 school districts received approval to exceed the Index. For special education costs, 129 districts received approval to exceed the tax limit.[181]

For the 2011-12 school year, the Sharpsville Area School Board applied for two exceptions to exceed the Act 1 Index: teacher pensions costs and Maintenance of Local Tax Revenue. Each year, Sharpsville Area School Board has the option of adopting either: 1) a resolution in January certifying they will not increase taxes above their index or 2) a preliminary budget in February. A school district adopting the resolution may not apply for referendum exceptions or ask voters for a tax increase above the inflation index.

According to a state report, for the 2011-2012 school year budgets, 247 school districts adopted a resolution certifying that tax rates would not be increased above their index; 250 school districts adopted a preliminary budget. Of the 250 school districts that adopted a preliminary budget, 231 adopted real estate tax rates that exceeded their index. Tax rate increases in the other 19 school districts that adopted a preliminary budget did not exceed the school district’s index. Of the districts who sought exceptions: 221 used the pension costs exemption and 171 sought a Special Education costs exemption. Only 1 school district sought an exemption for Nonacademic School Construction Project, while 1 sought an exception for Electoral debt for school construction.[182]

The Sharpsville Area School Board did not apply for any exceptions to exceed the Act 1 index for the budget in 2010-11.[183] For the 2009-10 school budget, the Sharpsville Area School Board also did not apply for exceptions to exceed the Index.[184] In the Spring of 2010, 135 Pennsylvania school boards asked to exceed their adjusted index. Approval was granted to 133 of them and 128 sought an exception for pension costs increases.[185]

Property tax relief

In 2012, Sharpsville Area School District approved homestead properties received $198.[186] The relief was subtracted from the total annual school property tax bill. Property owners apply for the relief through the county Treasurer's office. Farmers can qualify for a farmstead exemption on building used for agricultural purposes. The farm must be at least 10 contiguous acres (40,000 m2) and must be the primary residence of the owner. Farmers can qualify for both the homestead exemption and the farmstead exemption. The amount of property tax relief each Pennsylvania public school district receives is announced by the PDE in May of each year. The amount of tax relief is dependent on the total tax revenue collected on the casino slots in the previous year. Thirty five percent of the slots tax revenues are used for property tax relief. In Mercer County, the highest tax relief went to Sharon City School District which was set at $241.[187] The highest property tax relief provided, among Pennsylvania school districts, goes to the homesteads of Chester Upland School District in Delaware County which received $632 per approved homestead in 2010. Chester-Upland School District has consistently been the top recipient since the programs inception.[188] In Mercer County there are 29,508.[189]

Wellness policy

Sharpsville Area School Board established a district wellness policy in 2010.[190] The policy deals with nutritious meals served at school, the control of access to some foods and beverages during school hours, age appropriate nutrition education for all students, and physical education for students K-12. The policy is in response to state mandates and federal legislation (P.L. 108 – 265). The law dictates that each school district participating in a program authorized by the Richard B. Russell National School Lunch Act (42 U.S.C. 1751 et seq) or the Child Nutrition Act of 1966 (42 U.S.C. 1771 et seq) "shall establish a local school wellness policy by School Year 2006." Most districts identified the superintendent and school foodservice director as responsible for ensuring local wellness policy implementation.[191]

The legislation placed the responsibility of developing a wellness policy at the local level so the individual needs of each district can be addressed. According to the requirements for the Local Wellness Policy, school districts must set goals for nutrition education, physical activity, campus food provision, and other school-based activities designed to promote student wellness. Additionally, districts were required to involve a broad group of individuals in policy development and to have a plan for measuring policy implementation. Districts were offered a choice of levels of implementation for limiting or prohibiting low nutrition foods on the school campus. In final implementation these regulations prohibit some foods and beverages on the school campus.[192] The Pennsylvania Department of Education required the district to submit a copy of the policy for approval.

The District offers a breakfast for $0.50 and free or reduced-price lunch to children in low income families. All students attending the school can eat breakfast and lunch. Children from families with incomes at or below 130 percent of the federal poverty level are provided a breakfast and lunch at no cost to the family. Children from families with incomes between 130 and 185 percent of the federal poverty level can be charged no more than 30 cents per breakfast. A foster child whose care and placement is the responsibility of the State or who is placed by a court with a caretaker household is eligible for both a free breakfast and a free lunch. Runaway, homeless and Migrant Youth are also automatically eligible for free meals.[193] The meals are partially funded with federal dollars through the United States Department of Agriculture.[194]

In 2013, the USDA issued new restrictions to foods in public schools. The rules apply to foods and beverages sold on all public school district campuses during the day. They limit vending machine snacks to a maximum of 200 calories per item. Additionally, all snack foods sold at school must meet competitive nutrient standards, meaning they must have fruits, vegetables, dairy or protein in them or contain at least 10 percent of the daily value of fiber, calcium, potassium, and Vitamin D.[195] In order to comply with the Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act of 2010 all US public school districts are required to raise the price of their school lunches to $2.60 regardless of the actual cost of the lunch.[196]

Sharpsville Area School District provides health services as mandated by the Commonwealth and the federal government. Nurses are available in each building to conduct annual health screenings (data reported to the PDE and state Department of Health) and to dispense prescribed medications to students during the school day. Students can be excluded from school unless they comply with all the State Department of Health’s extensive immunization mandates. School nurses monitor each pupil for this compliance.[197] Nurses also monitor each child's weight.

The District participated in Highmark Healthy High 5 Health eTools for Schools which enabled mobile data collection of pertinent health and physical fitness screening data on students K-12 in a database held by InnerLink, Inc. in Lancaster, Pennsylvania. Health eTools for Schools also provided interdisciplinary research-based curriculum in nutrition, physical education and physical activity to participating districts. The program was discontinued in 2013.[198]

Highmark Healthy High 5 grant

Beginning in 2006, Highmark Foundation engaged in a 5-year, $100 million program to promote lifelong healthy behaviors in children and adolescents through local nonprofits and schools. In 2008, Sharpsville Area Middle School received a $10,000 grant for bullying prevention.[199]

Extracurriculars

Sharpsville Area School District offers a wide variety of clubs, activities and an extensive, costly sports program. Eligibility for participation is determined by school board policy and in compliance with standards set by the Pennsylvania interscholastic Athletics Association (PIAA).

By Pennsylvania law, all K-12 students residing in the district, including those who attend a private nonpublic school, cyber charter school, charter school and those homeschooled, are eligible to participate in the extracurricular programs including all athletics. They must meet the same eligibility rules as the students enrolled in the district's schools.[200]

Sports

The District funds:

Boys
Girls
  • Basketball - AA
  • Cross Country - A
  • Soccer (Fall) - A
  • Softball - A
  • Track and Field - AA
  • Volleyball

Middle School Sports

Boys
  • Basketball
  • Cross Country
  • Football
  • Soccer
  • Track and Field
  • Wrestling

Girls
  • Basketball
  • Cross Country
  • Soccer
  • Track and Field
  • Volleyball

According to PIAA directory July 2013 [201]

References

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  2. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education, Enrollment Report by LEA, 2013
  3. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education (July 2011). "Enrollment and Projections by school district".
  4. ↑ Sharpsville Area School Board Secretary (June 19, 2013). "Sharpsville Area School Board minutes" (PDF).
  5. ↑ Joy Leiker (June 21, 2012). "Budget holds line on school taxes". The Herald.
  6. ↑ Federal Education Budget Project (2010). "Area School District data report".
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  20. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education, Pennsylvania District AYP History 2003-2010, 2011
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  55. ↑ Pennsylvania State Board of Education, Proposed changes to Chapter 4, May 10, 2012
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  78. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education, Sharpsville Area Elementary School Academic Achievement Report Card 2011, September 29, 2011
  79. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education, Sharpsville Area Elementary School Academic Achievement Report Card 2010, October 20, 2010
  80. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education, Sharpsville Area Elementary School Academic Achievement Report Card 2009, September 14, 2009
  81. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education, Sharpsville Area Elementary School Academic Achievement Report Card 2008, August 15, 2008
  82. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education, Sharpsville Area Elementary School Academic Achievement Report Card 2007, 2007
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  85. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education, Testimony Hearing on Special Education Senate Republican Policy Committee, January 2013
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  96. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education (2011). "Special Education Funding 2011-2012 Fiscal Year".
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  101. ↑ Pennsylvania General Assembly, Taxpayer Relief Act, Act 1 of the Special Session of 2006, June 27, 2006
  102. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education (2012). "Investing in Pennsylvania Students".
  103. ↑ "Sharpsville Area School District Payroll report 2011". OpenPA Gov.org. 2013.
  104. ↑ Asbury Park Press (2009). "PA. Public School Salaries".
  105. ↑ School Board. "School District Teacher Union Employment Contract 2010".
  106. ↑ Fenton, Jacob., Pennsylvania School District Data: Will School Consolidation Save Money?, The Morning Call, February 2009
  107. ↑ Pennsylvania School Board Association (October 2009). "Public School Salaries 11th Annual".
  108. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education (2010). "2009-10 Selected Data - 2009-10 Total Expenditures per ADM".
  109. ↑ US Census Bureau, States Ranked According to Per Pupil Public Elementary-Secondary School System Finance Amounts: Fiscal Year 2011, May 2013
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  112. ↑ US Census Bureau (2009). "Total and current expenditures per pupil in fall enrollment in public elementary and secondary education, by function and state or jurisdiction: 2006-07".
  113. ↑ United States Census Bureau (2009). "States Ranked According to Per Pupil Elementary-Secondary Public School System Finance Amounts: 2008-09" (PDF).
  114. ↑ US Census Bureau (May 2013). "States Ranked According to Per Pupil Public Elementary-Secondary School System Finance Amounts: Fiscal Year 2011" (PDF).
  115. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education (May 2012). "Pennsylvania Public School District Tuition Rates".
  116. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education. "Fund Balances by Local Education Agency 1997 to 2008".
  117. ↑ Murphy, Jan., Pennsylvania's public schools boost reserves, CentreDaily Times, September 22, 2010
  118. ↑ Melissa Daniels (June 1, 2013). "PA school districts look to cash stash to balance budgets". PA Independent.
  119. ↑ Pennsylvania Auditor General (June 2012). "Sharpsville Area School District Mercer County, Pennsylvania Performance Audit Report".
  120. ↑ Pennsylvania of Community & Economic Development (2012). "Earned Income Tax".
  121. ↑ Penn State Cooperative Extension (2010). "What are the Local Taxes in Pennsylvania?, Local Tax Reform Education Project" (PDF).
  122. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Revenue (April 2010). "Personal Income Taxation Guidelines".
  123. ↑ John Finnerty (2013). "PA teachers pensions". CNHI Harrisburg Bureau.
  124. ↑ Democrat Appropriations Committee, Report on Education funding by LEA, July 2, 2013
  125. ↑ Pennsylvania Office of the Budget, 2013-14 State Budget Highlights, 2013
  126. ↑ Senator Jake Corman (June 28, 2012). "Pennsylvania Education funding by Local School District" (PDF).
  127. ↑ Pennsylvania General Assembly Sen Jake Corman (June 29, 2012). "SB1466 of 2012 General Fund Appropriation".
  128. ↑ PA Senate Appropriations Committee (June 28, 2011). "School District 2011-12 Funding Report".
  129. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education (July 2011). "Basic Education Funding".
  130. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education (June 30, 2011). "Basic Education Funding".
  131. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education (June 30, 2011). "Basic Education Funding 2011-2012 Fiscal Year".
  132. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education, District Allocations Report 2009, 2009-10
  133. ↑ Pennsylvania House Appropriations Committee (June 30, 2010). "PA Basic Education Funding-Printout2 2010-2011" (PDF).
  134. ↑ Office of the Budget (February 2010). "Pennsylvania Budget Proposal 2010".
  135. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education (October 2009). "Funding Allocations by district".
  136. ↑ Pennsylvania Office of Budget (February 2009). "Governor's Budget Proposal 2009 Pennsylvania Department of Education Budget Proposal 2009".
  137. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education, Funding Report by LEA, 2009
  138. ↑ U.S. Census Bureau., Annual Survey of Local Government Finances., 2000
  139. ↑ U.S. Census Bureau., 2008 Survey of Local Government Finances – School Systems, 2010
  140. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education (2010). "Accountability Block Grant report Grantee list 2010".
  141. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education (2008). "Accountability Block Grant Mid Year report".
  142. ↑ Pennsylvania Partnership for Children, Full-Day Kindergarten Enrollment, 2011
  143. ↑ Pennsylvania Auditor General (December 22, 2008). "Classrooms for the Future grants audit" (PDF).
  144. ↑ DEP Awards Grants to Promote Environmental Education, Stewardship, PA DEP Press Release, May 18, 2010.
  145. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education, Science: It’s Elementary Grantees Students in 143 Schools Benefit from Intensive Science Curriculum, July 22, 2008
  146. ↑ Patricia Vathis Pennsylvania Department of Education, Grants and Subsidies Science: It’s Elementary, 2006
  147. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education, 2010-11 Science: It’s Elementary Application Guidelines, July 2010
  148. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education (2010). "Educational Assistance Program Funding 2010-2011 Fiscal Year".
  149. ↑ Commonwealth of Pennsylvania (2009). "Mercer County ARRA FUNDING Report".
  150. ↑ ProPublica (2009). "Recovery Tracker Eye on the stimulus".
  151. ↑ "School stimulus money". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. March 12, 2009.
  152. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education, Race To The Top Webinar powerpoint for districts December 2009, December 9, 2009
  153. ↑ Governor's Press Office release (January 20, 2010). "Pennsylvania's 'Race to the Top' Fueled by Effective Reforms, Strong Local Support,".
  154. ↑ Race to the Top Fund, U.S. Department of Education, March 29, 2010.
  155. ↑ Gerald Zahorchak (December 2008). "Pennsylvania Race to the Top Letter to Superintendents" (PDF).
  156. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education (January 19, 2009). "Pennsylvania Race to the Top -School Districts Title I Allocations 2009-10".
  157. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education (2012). "Real Estate Tax Rates by School District 2012-13 Real Estate Mills".
  158. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education (2004). "Act 511 Tax Report".
  159. ↑ State Tax Equalization Board (2011). "State Tax Equalization Board About US".
  160. ↑ Pennsylvania Auditor General office - Bureau of Audits (February 2011). "A Special Performance Audit of the Pennsylvania State Tax Equalization Boards" (PDF).
  161. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education, Finances_Real Estate Tax Rates 2012-13, 2012
  162. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education (2011). "Real Estate Tax Millage by School District,".
  163. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education (2010). "Real Estate Tax Millage by School District,".
  164. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education, Financial Elements Reports, 2010
  165. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education, Financial Elements Reports 2008-09 Real Estate Mills, 2008
  166. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education, Real Estate Tax Millage by School District, 2007
  167. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education, Real Estate Tax Millage by School District, 2006
  168. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education, Real Estate Tax Millage by School District, 2005
  169. ↑ Tax-rates.org., The 2013 Tax Resource County Property Taxes 2012, 2012
  170. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education, Pennsylvania School Finances - Summaries of Annual Financial Report Data 2010-11, 2011
  171. ↑ New Census Data on Property Taxes on Homeowners, Tax Foundation, September 22, 2009.
  172. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education (2010). "2010-11 Act 1 of 2006 Referendum Exception Guidelines".
  173. ↑ Kaitlynn Riely (August 4, 2011). "Law could restrict school construction projects". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette.
  174. ↑ Pennsylvania General Assembly (June 29, 2011). "SB330 of 2011".
  175. ↑ Eric Boehm (July 1, 2011). "Property tax reform final piece of state budget". PA Independent.
  176. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education (2011). "Special Session Act 1 of 2006 the Taxpayer Relief Act information".
  177. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education (May 2011). "Special Session Act 1 of 2006 School District Adjusted Index for 2006-2007 through 2011-2012".
  178. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education, 2012-2013 School District Adjusted Index, May 2011
  179. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education, 2013-2014 School District Adjusted Index, May 2012
  180. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education, Report on Referendum Exceptions For School Year 2013-2014, April 2013
  181. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education, Report on Referendum Exceptions For School Year 2012-2013, March 30, 2012
  182. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education (April 2011). "Report on Exceptions".
  183. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education (May 2010). "Report on Referendum Exceptions for 2010-2011".
  184. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education (May 2009). "Report on Referendum Exceptions for 2009-2010".
  185. ↑ Scarcella, Frank & Pursell, Tricia (May 25, 2010). "Local school tax assessments exceed state averages". The Daily Item.
  186. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education (May 1, 2012). "2012-2013 Estimated State Property Tax Relief per Homestead".
  187. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education, Tax Relief per Homestead, May 1, 2013.
  188. ↑ Tax Relief per Homestead 2009, Pennsylvania Department of Education Report, May 1, 2009
  189. ↑ Pennsylvania Auditor General Office, Special Report Pennsylvania Property Tax Relief, February 23, 2010
  190. ↑ Sharpsville Area School Board Policy Manual, Student Wellness Policy 246, February 2010
  191. ↑ Probart C; McDonnell E; Weirich JE; Schilling L; Fekete V. (September 2008). "Statewide assessment of local wellness policies in Pennsylvania public school districts.". J Am Diet Assoc. 108 (9): 1497–502. doi:10.1016/j.jada.2008.06.429. PMID 18755322.
  192. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education – Division of Food and Nutrition (July 2008). "Nutrition Standards for Competitive Foods in Pennsylvania Schools for the School Nutrition Incentive".
  193. ↑ USDA, Child Nutrition Programs - Eligibility Manual for School Meals, 2012
  194. ↑ Pennsylvania Hunger Action Center, The Pennsylvania School Breakfast Report Card, 2009
  195. ↑ USDA, Child Nutrition Programs, June 27, 2013
  196. ↑ United States Department of Agriculture (2011). "Food and Nutrition Service Equity in School Lunch Pricing Fact Sheet" (PDF).
  197. ↑ Pennsylvania State Department of Health (2010). "Pennsylvania Bulletin Doc. No. 10-984 School Immunizations; Communicable and Noncommunicable Diseases".
  198. ↑ PR Newswire, Highmark Healthy High 5 Health eTools for Schools Available Free Through 2009, 2007
  199. ↑ Highmark Foundation (November 10, 2008). "Highmark Healthy High 5 School Challenge Grant Program Enables Pennsylvania Schools to Implement or Enhance Healthy Lifestyle Programs for Students".
  200. ↑ Pennsylvania Office of the Governor Press Release (November 10, 2005). "Home-Schooled, Charter School Children Can Participate in School District Extracurricular Activities".
  201. ↑ Pennsylvania Interscholastic Athletics Association (2013). "PIAA School Directory".
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