Shrewsbury to Chester Line
| Shrewsbury to Chester Line | |
|---|---|
| Overview | |
| Type | Heavy Rail |
| System | National Rail |
| Locale |
Shropshire Cheshire West Midlands Wrexham county borough Shrewsbury and Atcham North West England |
| Termini |
Shrewsbury Chester |
| Stations | Gobowen, Chirk, Ruabon and Wrexham General |
| Operation | |
| Opened | 1846 |
| Owner | Network Rail |
| Operator(s) | Arriva Trains Wales, Virgin Trains |
| Character | Main line, Commuter Rail, Freight |
| Rolling stock | Class 150 Sprinter, Class 153 Super Sprinter, Class 158 Express Sprinter, Class 175 Coradia, Class 221 Super Voyager |
| Technical | |
| Line length | 84.38 miles (135.80 km) |
| Number of tracks | Double track between Shrewsbury and Wrexham, Single track between Wrexham and Chester (currently being upgraded to double track). |
| Track gauge | 1,435 mm (4 ft 8 1⁄2 in) standard gauge |
| Operating speed |
50 mph (80 km/h), 70 mph (110 km/h), (Formerly 90 mph or 140 km/h). |
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The Shrewsbury to Chester Line, also known as the Severn–Dee Mainline (after the rivers on which Shrewsbury and Chester stand), was built in 1846 as the Shrewsbury and Chester Railway. The engineer for the line was Henry Robertson, a partner in locomotive builders Beyer Peacock,[1] while the contractor was Thomas Brassey in partnership with William Mackenzie and Robert Stephenson.[2]
The line runs from Shrewsbury in England to Chester, also in England. Of the remaining intermediate stations, Gobowen is in England but the rest are in Wales. Campaigns for both the re-opening of Baschurch Station and Lache Station (near the site of the old Saltney station) are now under way.[3]
The line is currently being upgraded to turn the single track into double track between Wrexham and Chester[4] and improve certain sections of line to allow trains to run at 90 mph, with this work due to be completed in early 2016.[5]
History
Construction
The North Wales Mineral Railway, connecting Chester via Wrexham to Ruabon, had been constructed from 1844 to take advantage of mineral rights. However, realising that it offered connection opportunities between the Port of Liverpool and the industrialised Midlands, the railway applied to extend to Shrewsbury. This was refused by Parliament.
Forming an independent group of similar investors, a Private Act of Parliament authorised the construction of the Shrewsbury, Oswestry and Chester Junction Railway passed in 1845. Initially the proposal was to build a completely new line from a junction south east of Chester, it would cross the River Dee near Farndon completely by-passing the North Wales Mineral Railway between Wrexham and Chester. The route would then go through Overton-on-Dee across the Dee again near Chirk before reaching Oswestry and then heading to Shrewsbury. However, in July 1846, the North Wales Mineral Railway merged with the Shrewsbury, Oswestry and Chester Junction Railway to form the Shrewsbury and Chester Railway.
The formation of the new company immediately led to a revision of the plans. Construction of a new line and junction south east from Chester was abandoned. The new company would only need to build a 30 mi (48 km) line between Shrewsbury and the North Wales Mineral line at Wrexham. Likewise when construction was completed by 1848, the final route also bypassed Oswestry (one of the scheme's original destinations). Instead the town would be served by a branch line between a halt in the town and Gobowen.
On 24 May 1847, five passengers were killed and many were injured in the Dee bridge disaster. A Chester to Ruabon train fell 11 m (36 ft) into the River Dee, following the collapse of the Dee Railway bridge on the outskirts of Chester. A girder, which had cracked in the middle, gave way as the train crossed. The engine and tender managed to reach the other side of the bridge but the carriages crashed into the river.[6] The bridge was engineered by Robert Stephenson despite warnings from civil engineer, William Fairbairn. He had warned Stephenson about the problems using cast iron girders only a few months before construction of the bridge at a meeting at the Institution of Civil Engineers in London, but his advice was ignored. A Royal Commission following this accident led to a re-evaluation of the use of cast-iron in railway bridges. Many new bridges had to be reinforced or rebuilt.
Mergers and rationalisation
In 1849 the larger London and North Western Railway began aggressively trying to take business from the line in order to put it into bankruptcy. By 1854, the pressure forced the Shrewsbury and Chester Railway to agree to becoming part of the Great Western Railway. The route would become part of the GWR's main line from London Paddington to Birkenhead Woodside.[7]
In 1946, following nationalisation of UK's rail system, the former GWR Shrewsbury-to-Chester line became part of the Western Region of British Rail. It was later transferred to BR's London Midland Region in 1963.
In the 1960s many of the passenger stations serving smaller communities along the line were closed. The track between Wrexham and Saltney Junction was also reduced from a double to a single line in 1983. There was a large reduction in freight traffic on the route as a result of the mineral industries around Wrexham closing in stages beginning with the Wrexham and Minera Railway in 1952 and then the Wrexham, Mold and Connah's Quay Railway in 1954 and the last section through Croes Newydd closed in 1982.
Current
Expansion
In December 2005, Arriva Trains Wales introduced a new timetable to the line, providing an hourly service between Shrewsbury and Chester, Monday to Saturday, from early morning until around midnight (involving eight additional trains serving Gobowen). This improved service includes a through train every two hours between Holyhead and Cardiff throughout most of the day. The line has seen passenger numbers double during 2003–2004 and increase by 30% since 1999.
On 28 April 2008, Wrexham & Shropshire began providing services along the section of line between Wrexham General and Shrewsbury, continuing via Wolverhampton to London Marylebone. The service ceased on 28 January 2011, due in part to restrictions imposed on W&S to protect the commercial interests of Virgin Trains' operations on the West Coast Main Line.[8]
Passenger services
Passenger trains along the line are operated by Arriva Trains Wales and Virgin Trains, who operate one train per day on weekdays each way between Wrexham General and London Euston, via Chester.
At Chester, there are connections towards Crewe and Holyhead (on the North Wales Coast Line), towards Manchester Piccadilly via Warrington Bank Quay (on the Chester to Manchester Line), towards Manchester Piccadilly via Northwich (on the Mid-Cheshire Line) and towards Liverpool Lime Street (on Merseyrail's Wirral Line).
At Wrexham, there are connections towards Liverpool (change at Bidston) via The Borderlands line and London via the West Coast Main Line. Wrexham General also acts as a terminus for many services travelling part of the line.
At Shrewsbury, connections are provided towards Carmarthen via Hereford and Cardiff Central and Manchester via Crewe (via the Welsh Marches Line), towards Aberystwyth and Pwllheli (on the Cambrian Line), towards Swansea (via the Heart of Wales Line) and towards Birmingham New Street.
Freight services
Freight along the line is half transitory and half generated on the line. Padeswood Hall Cement works at Penyfford does not send any of its finished product out by rail, but it does source its coal via Railfreight, mostly just once a week. Most often these trains are from Scotland and they run-round in Croes Newydd Loop south of Wrexham General station.
DB Schenker haul two trainloads of Steel Coil per day from either Llanwern or Port Talbot Steelworks to Shotton steelworks on Deeside. The return empties are twice daily too.
Kronospan's board factory at Chirk has inward flows of timber from Carlisle, Baglan Bay, Teignbridge and Ribblehead. Some of the traffic, especially from Ribblehead is seasonal and sporadic. All inbound flows must enter the works heading south and those leaving must head south too. This is because there is no cross over or run-round facility in the works sidings.[9][10]
Community rail
This is designated as a community rail partnership.[11]
Future developments
The Chester to Shrewsbury Rail Partnership aims to promote travel along the line and to seek improvements to services and facilities. It is a member of the Association of Community Rail Partnerships (ACoRP).[12] In 2006, the Chester to Shrewsbury Rail Partnership commissioned the Scott Wilson Report to assess the feasibility of certain enhancements to the service.[13] These include the re-opening of stations at Rossett and Johnstown & Hafod and the opening of a new station at Lache.
Wrexham to Chester redoubling and improvements
In March 2012 the Welsh Assembly announced that sections of the line would be part of a £46-million improvement scheme. This would include redoubling the track between Wrexham and Chester[14] and upgrade certain sections of line to allow trains to run at 90 mph. Work started on this project in June 2014 and was scheduled for completion in Spring 2015,[15] but this has been delayed until mid 2016.[16]
It is hoped this will create increased traffic between Wrexham and Chester and encourage new regular services to London and other new destinations. For example, the line could carry the hourly Hull to Manchester Piccadilly by TransPennine Express because it could reach Wrexham via Chester. This would provide a direct passenger service to Manchester, Leeds and Hull. Other suggestions include extending the current hourly Chester – Crewe shuttle service south to Wrexham and north to Manchester (via Manchester Airport).[17]
See also
References
- ↑ Hills, R. L.; Patrick, D. (1982). Beyer, Peacock, locomotive builders to the world. Glossop: Transport Publishing Co. ISBN 0-903839-41-5.
- ↑ Helps, Arthur The Life and Works of Mr Brassey, 1872 republished Nonsuch, 2006. p. 107 ISBN 1-84588-011-0
- ↑ "Baschurch Station". Baschurch Station Group. Retrieved 24 December 2009.
- ↑ Network Rail Wrexham-Chester Redoubling
- ↑ "North / South Wales journey improvements".
- ↑ A Regional History of the Railways of Great Britain – Volume 11: North and Mid Wales, Peter E Baughan 1980, ISBN 0-7153-7850-3
- ↑ "Time-line of the Early Railways in and around Shropshire". ShrewsburyRHT.org.uk. Retrieved 10 February 2012.
- ↑ "You can get off at Wolverhampton but you can't get on: How crazy rules killed Britain's last great railway". Daily Mail. 29 January 2011. Retrieved 13 September 2012.
- ↑ Bridge, Mike (2013). Railway Track Diagrams. Bradford On Avon: Trackmaps. pp. 22C. ISBN 978-0-9549866-7-4.
- ↑ Rawlinson, Mark (2015). Freightmaster 79. Swindon: Freightmaster Publishing. pp. 75, 80.
- ↑ "ACORP Summary map" (PDF). Association of Community Rail Partnerships. 28 July 2014. Retrieved 28 October 2015.
- ↑ http://www.chester2shrewsburyrail.co.uk/contact.html
- ↑ http://www.chester2shrewsburyrail.co.uk/index.html
- ↑ Network Rail Wrexham-Chester Redoubling
- ↑ "Work begins on £44m Wrexham to Chester railway upgrade".
- ↑ "North / South Wales journey improvements".
- ↑ "£46 million worth of improvements for Wrexham railway". North Wales Daily Post. 20 March 2012.
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