Sports in Philadelphia

Citizens Bank Park, home of the Philadelphia Phillies

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, has been home to many teams and events in professional, semi-professional, amateur, college, and high-school sports. Philadelphia is one of twelve cities that hosts teams in all four major sports leagues in North America, and Philadelphia is one of just three cities in which one team from every league plays within city limits. These major sports teams are the Philadelphia Phillies of Major League Baseball, the Philadelphia Eagles of the National Football League, the Philadelphia 76ers of the National Basketball Association and the Philadelphia Flyers of the National Hockey League. Each team has played in Philadelphia since at least the 1960s, and each team has won at least one championship. Since 2010, Philadelphia has been the home of the Philadelphia Union of Major League Soccer which plays in suburban Chester, Pennsylvania, making the Philadelphia market one of nine cities that hosts a team in the four major sports leagues and the MLS. Philadelphia hosts several college sports teams, including the Philadelphia Big 5 schools and Temple's Division I FBS football team. Many of these teams have fan bases in both Philadelphia and the surrounding Delaware Valley. In addition to the major professional and college sports, numerous semi-pro, amateur, community, and high school teams play in Philadelphia. The city hosts numerous sporting events, such as the Penn Relays and the Collegiate Rugby Championship, and Philadelphia has been the most frequent host of the annual Army-Navy football game. Philadelphia has also been the home of several renowned athletes and sports figures.

Sports are a huge part of the culture of the city (and throughout the Delaware Valley). Philadelphia sports fans are considered to be some of the most knowledgeable fans in sports, and are known for their extreme passion for all of their teams.^[1] Philadelphia fans are also known for their reputation of being the "Meanest Fans in America".^[2]

Major-league professional teams

Philadelphia has a long and proud history of professional sports teams. Philadelphia is one of six cities that has won at least one championship in the NHL, NFL, MLB, and NBA. Philadelphia's combined total of sixteen championships in these leagues ranks sixth among North American cities.

Club	League	Division	Venue	Location	Founded	Titles	Head Coach	General Manager
Phillies, PhiladelphiaPhiladelphia Phillies	MLB	NL East	Citizens Bank Park	Philadelphia	1883	2	Pete Mackanin	Matt Klentak
Eagles, PhiladelphiaPhiladelphia Eagles	NFL	NFC East	Lincoln Financial Field	Philadelphia	1933	3	Doug Pederson	Howie Roseman
76ers, PhiladelphiaPhiladelphia 76ers	NBA	Atlantic	Wells Fargo Center	Philadelphia	1946	3	Brett Brown	Bryan Colangelo
Flyers, PhiladelphiaPhiladelphia Flyers	NHL	Metropolitan	Wells Fargo Center	Philadelphia	1967	2	Dave Hakstol	Ron Hextall
Union, PhiladelphiaPhiladelphia Union	MLS	Eastern	Talen Energy Stadium	Chester	2010	0	Jim Curtin	Earnie Stewart[3]

The Eagles, Phillies, Flyers, and 76ers all play their home games in the South Philadelphia Sports Complex section of the city. The Eagles currently play at Lincoln Financial Field (commonly referred to as "The Linc"), built in 2003. The Phillies play at Citizens Bank Park, which opened in 2004. The Flyers and 76ers share the Wells Fargo Center, opened in 1996. All three venues are within walking distance of AT&T Station on SEPTA's Broad Street Line. The Philadelphia Union of Major League Soccer plays its home games at Talen Energy Stadium in the satellite city of Chester, about 13 miles southwest of Philadelphia.

Philadelphia has also been home to relocated and defunct franchises. The Philadelphia Athletics (now the Oakland Athletics) of the MLB, the Philadelphia Warriors (now the Golden State Warriors) of the NBA, and the Frankford Yellow Jackets of the NFL each played in Philadelphia for over a decade. Other former Philadelphia teams, such as the Philadelphia Quakers of the NHL, have been more short-lived. Both of the major league teams that relocated (the Warriors and the Athletics) currently play in the San Francisco Bay Area.

In 1980, Philadelphia became the only North American city in which all four major sports teams played for their respective championships in one year (although the Phillies were the only team to win the championship). The Flyers' run to the 2010 Stanley Cup Finals made the city of Philadelphia the first North American city to have all four of its major professional sports league teams play in the league championship finals at least once since 2000, although the Phillies are the only team to have won a championship since 2000.^[4][5][6] Philadelphia has had an odd trend of losing championship games during presidential inauguration years; the Sixers, Eagles, Phillies, and Flyers collectively have an 0-8 record in such games since 1977.^[7]

In 2011, the Phillies became the first team in the city's major professional sports history to finish the regular season in first place in five consecutive seasons.^[8][9] Two other teams finished first during four consecutive seasons: 1973–77 Flyers and the 2001–04 Eagles.^[8] Five other teams finished first for three seasons in a row: the 1929–31 Athletics, 1947-49 Eagles, 1965-68 Sixers, 1976-78 Phillies, and 1984–87 Flyers.^[8]

Baseball

The city's sole existing Major League Baseball team is the Philadelphia Phillies. Founded in 1883, the team is the oldest continuous, one-name, one-city franchise in all of professional American sports.^[10] The Phillies compete in the National League East and have won the World Series twice, in 1980 and 2008. The Phillies have won seven National League pennants and eleven NL East division titles. In 2007, the Phillies lost a game for the 10,000th time in franchise history; according to the Elias Sports Bureau, no professional sports franchise in any sport has lost more games.^[11] For its first thirty years, the franchise often finished in the middle of the National League. Led by pitcher Grover Cleveland Alexander, the franchise appeared in the 1915 World Series and made strong finishes in 1916 and 1917. The franchise had one of the worst stretches in professional sports history, as it managed just one winning season between 1918 and 1948. The Whiz Kid" Phillies, led by pitcher Robin Roberts, reached the 1950 World Series, but the team was swept by the New York Yankees. The team finished towards the middle of the pack for much of the 1950s and 1960s. After a down period in the early 1970s, third baseman Mike Schmidt and pitcher Steve Carlton led the Phillies to six playoff appearances in eight years and, in 1980, the franchise's first World Series victory. The 1993 Phillies won the division and appeared in the 1993 World Series, losing in six games to the Toronto Blue Jays. However, the 1993 season was the franchise's lone winning season between 1987 and 2000. The franchise experienced a resurgence starting in 2001, though it did not make the playoffs until 2007. From 2007 to 2011, the Phillies made the playoffs for five straight seasons, making two straight World Series appearances and winning the 2008 World Series. Since 2013, the team has finished below .500 for four straight seasons.^[12]

Cole Hamels, 2008 World Series MVP

Connie Mack, owner and manager of the Philadelphia Athletics

For the first half of the 20th century, Philadelphia had two Major League baseball franchises. The Philadelphia Athletics were founded in 1901 as one of the eight charter franchises of the American League. The Philadelphia Athletics won the World Series in 1910, 1911, 1913, 1929, and 1930. The team won the American League pennant nine times while in Philadelphia, including a 1902 victory that occurred before the start of the modern World Series. The Athletics were one of several MLB teams that relocated in the 1950s and 1960s. The franchise moved to Kansas City after the 1954 season, before moving to Oakland after the 1967 season and becoming the Oakland Athletics. Having played 53 seasons in Philadelphia, the Athletics are the fifth-longest tenured team in major North American professional sports to relocate, behind only the Braves, Giants, Dodgers, and Senators. Philadelphia Athletics players such as Lefty Grove, Jimmy Foxx, and Al Simmons have been inducted into the Philadelphia Sports Hall of Fame. Long-time manager and owner Connie Mack, who holds the record for most games managed, won, and lost, has also been inducted as a member of the Philadelphia Sports Hall of Fame. While the Athletics played in Philadelphia, they frequently played the Phillies in games known as the City Series. However, the teams never met in the World Series, and did not play each other in the regular season until 2004 (after the introduction of interleague play).

Veterans Stadium formerly housed the Eagles and the Phillies

The first game in the history of Major League Baseball was played in Philadelphia, on Saturday, April 22, 1876, at the Jefferson Street Grounds. The Boston Red Caps defeated the Philadelphia Athletics (NL), 6–5, in the inaugural game of the National League.^[13][14] These Athletics (also known as Athletic of Philadelphia) were formed in 1860, and played in the National Association of Base Ball Players, the National Association, and the National League. The Athletics won the inaugural National Association title, making the franchise the winner of arguably the first title in major league history. The franchise folded after it was expelled from the league in 1876 for refusing to make a late season road trip. Three other franchises would later use the name "Athletics", including the Oakland Athletics. Though the Athletics were the first prominent Philadelphia baseball club, the history of baseball in Philadelphia extends to even before the Athletics, as Philadelphians were playing town ball by the 1820s.^[15]

Football

Lincoln Financial Field, home of the Philadelphia Eagles

The Philadelphia Eagles, founded in 1933, are members of the East Division of the National Football Conference (NFC) in the National Football League. They have operated continuously since then, with the partial exception of the 1943 season, when the Eagles temporarily merged with the Pittsburgh Steelers to become the Steagles. The Eagles have won three NFL titles (1948, 1949, 1960), three conference championships, and thirteen division championships. They have made two Super Bowl appearances (in 1980 and 2004), but did not win either Super Bowl. The franchise frequently finished at the bottom of the standings in the 1930s, but improved in the 1940s, and became the only NFL team to win back to back championships by shutout (in 1948 and 1949). Though the franchise was average for much of the 1950s, the 1960 championship-winning Eagles were the only team to defeat the Vince Lombardi-coached Packers in a playoff game. The Eagles did not experience much success in the 1960s and early 1970s, but the franchise made four straight playoff appearances starting in 1978, including a Super Bowl appearance in 1980. After another down period, the franchise made the playoffs in six of nine seasons between 1988 and 1996. Andy Reid was hired as head coach in 1999, and across fourteen seasons he led the franchise to nine playoff appearances and a run to the 2004 Super Bowl. Since appearing in the 2008 NFC Conference Finals, the Eagles have made three playoff appearances, but have failed to advance past the first round of the playoffs.^[16] In 1994, defensive end Reggie White, running back Steve Van Buren, and two-way players Chuck Bednarik and Pete Pihos were named to the National Football League 75th Anniversary All-Time Team.

Hall of Famer Chuck Bednarik, one of the last "two-way" players in the NFL

Logo of the Frankford Yellow Jackets, the city's first NFL team

The city's first NFL team was the Frankford Yellow Jackets. Originally a community athletic-association team in the Frankford neighborhood of Northeast Philadelphia dating back to 1899, the club became one of the early NFL clubs in 1924.^[17] The Yellow Jackets won the NFL championship in 1926. Its home field was Frankford Stadium (also called Yellow Jacket Field). Financial troubles brought on by the Great Depression and a fire at Frankford Stadium led to the club disbanding after the 1931 season. Pro Football Hall of Famers Guy Chamberlin and William R. Lyman both played for the Yellow Jackets.

The greater Philadelphia area has had four other football teams that played in the NFL or in leagues that attempted to compete with the NFL. The Pottsville Maroons, a member of the National Football League, played in nearby Pottsville, Pennsylvania during the 1920s. In 1925, the Maroons were briefly suspended from the NFL for playing an unauthorized exhibition game at Philadelphia's Shibe Park. The team moved to Boston in 1929, but folded at the end of the season. The Philadelphia Quakers played one season in Philadelphia as part of the American Football League, a fledgling league intent on challenging the NFL as the premier football league in the country. The team took its name from the Union Quakers of Philadelphia, a local club which had been denied entry into the American Professional Football Association (as the NFL was known before 1922). The AFL Quakers won the league championship in 1926, giving Philadelphia two football championships in one year, as the Frankford Yellow Jackets won the 1926 NFL title. However, both the AFL and the Quakers folded after just one season of existence. The Philadelphia Bell was a franchise of the World Football League, which operated from 1974 to 1975 and attempted to challenge the NFL's dominance. The league was founded by Gary Davidson, who had also led the founding of World Hockey Association and the American Basketball Association, but the WFL folded after only two years and no teams were absorbed into the NFL. The Bell played its home games in JFK Stadium, and they employed the first African-American head coach in modern professional football history (retired Hall of Fame safety Willie Wood).^[18] The Philadelphia Stars were a football team in the USFL, a league that attempted to compete with the NFL for three seasons in the 1980s. The Stars won the league championship in their second season in Philadelphia in 1983−84, but the franchise moved to Baltimore for the league's final season. The team was coached by Jim Mora, who went on to a successful coaching career in the NFL, and among its players were future NFL Pro Bowlers Sam Mills and Sean Landeta (who later played for the Philadelphia Eagles). Unlike the NFL, the league played in the spring and summer, but it folded after a failed antitrust lawsuit and an aborted attempt to directly compete with the NFL in the fall.

Basketball

Four-time NBA MVP Wilt Chamberlain (right) and former Warriors teammate Nate Thurmond

The Philadelphia 76ers (commonly referred to as the Sixers) represent Philadelphia in the NBA. The franchise, which plays in the Atlantic Division, has won three NBA championships, nine conference titles, and five division titles. As of 2014, the Sixers have the third most wins in NBA history.^[19] The franchise began in 1946, as the Syracuse Nationals in the National Basketball League (NBL). In 1949, the Nationals were one of seven NBL teams that merged with the BAA to form the NBA. The franchise won its first championship in 1955, as the Nationals. After moving to Philadelphia in 1963 and being renamed the 76ers, the franchise acquired Wilt Chamberlain and experienced a great period of success. The team won a then-record 68 games and the championship in the 1966-1967 season, making it the only team besides the Boston Celtics to win an NBA championship in the 1960s. The franchise missed the playoffs for four consecutive seasons in the early 1970s, and the 1972–1973 Sixers hold the NBA record for most losses in one season, with 73. However, the team quickly bounced back after it acquired Julius Erving, and Erving and Moses Malone led the Sixers to a championship in 1983. The franchise continued to experience success until the early 1990s, when it traded Charles Barkley. The Sixers missed the playoffs for seven straight seasons until the emergence of Allen Iverson, who led the team to the 2001 finals. The team hovered around .500 for most of the 2000s decade, and has missed the playoffs each year since the end of the 2011-2012 season.^[20] In 1996, the NBA named the 1967 and 1983 championship-winning teams two of the ten greatest teams in NBA history.

The Philadelphia Warriors played in Philadelphia from 1946 to 1962 before moving to San Francisco and becoming the Golden State Warriors. The Philadelphia Warriors won two championships and three conference titles during that time. The team won its first championship in 1946–47, the inaugural season of the Basketball Association of America (BAA). Following the merger between the BAA and the National Basketball League that formed the NBA, the Philadelphia Warriors won their second title in 1956. While a member of the Philadelphia Warriors, Wilt Chamberlain set several NBA records; scoring 100 points in a game against the New York Knicks is perhaps his most well-known achievement. The Philadelphia Sports Hall of Fame has inducted Paul Arizin, Neil Johnston, Joe Fulks, and other people associated with the Philadelphia Warriors. The Warriors franchise moved to San Francisco in 1962 and became the Golden State Warriors. The Warriors and Sixers/Nationals have met in the playoffs ten times, most recently in the 1967 NBA Finals. Philadelphia went one season without an NBA franchise before the Syracuse Nationals moved to Philadelphia and became the Philadelphia 76ers. In the lone season that Philadelphia lacked an NBA franchise, the American Basketball League, which had been started in 1961 by Abe Saperstein as an attempt to compete with the NBA, moved a franchise to region. Both the team (the Philadelphia Tapers) and the league folded in December 1962.

Ice hockey

The Wells Fargo Center, home of the Flyers and the 76ers.

The Philadelphia Flyers were one of six teams that the NHL added as part of the 1967 NHL expansion, which ended the Original Six era. The Flyers play in the Metropolitan Division, and have won two championships, the 1974 and 1975 Stanley Cups. The Flyers were the first non-Original Six team to win the Stanley Cup since the Montreal Maroons won the cup in 1935. The Flyers have won eight conference championships and sixteen division championships. The Flyers were particularly successful in the 1970s: the team won back-to-back Stanley Cups, appeared in a third Stanley Cup Final in 1976, defeated HC CSKA Moscow (the Soviet "Red Army team") in a famous exhibition game, and, in the 1979–80 season, set the record for the longest unbeaten streak in NHL history.^[21] The franchise experienced success even after the retirement of Hall of Famer Bobby Clarke, making Stanley Cup appearances in 1984 and 1987. After a down period in the early 1990s, Hart Trophy-winner Eric Lindros helped lead the team to the 1997 Stanley Cup Finals and a string of playoff appearances. The team made another finals appearance in 2010, but lost in six games to the Chicago Blackhawks.^[22] As of 2016, the Flyers have accrued the second-highest points percentage of all NHL franchises, behind only the Montreal Canadiens.^[23] The 1970s Flyers earned the nickname "Broad Street Bullies" for their aggressive style of play, and the nickname is still applied to the franchise.^[24] Flyers enforcer Dave Schultz holds the record for most penalty minutes in a season, with 472.

Three-time NHL MVP Bobby Clarke

Philadelphia has had only brief experiences with top-level hockey aside from the Flyers. The Philadelphia Quakers were a National Hockey League team that played only one full season, 1930–31, at the Philadelphia Arena. The franchise, which had moved from Pittsburgh, folded after its only season in Philadelphia, during which the club set a record for the lowest winning percentage and the longest losing streak in league history—records which stood for over forty years. The Quakers were one of several NHL teams that folded in the 1930s, leaving the NHL with just six teams between 1942 and the 1967 expansion that brought the NHL to Philadelphia and five other American cities. Len Peto attempted to bring the Montreal Maroons to Philadelphia in the 1940s, but the lack of both league support and a suitable arena prevented the Maroons from playing in Philadelphia.^[25] The Philadelphia Blazers played for one season in the World Hockey Association, a league that attempted to challenge the NHL's supremacy, using a rink constructed in Convention Hall at the Civic Center (later used by the Philadelphia Firebirds of the North American Hockey League and the American Hockey League). After the 1972–1973 season, the Blazers moved to Vancouver and then Calgary, but the franchise folded in 1977. Another World Hockey Association franchise, the Jersey Knights, moved in November 1973 to the Cherry Hill Arena in Cherry Hill, New Jersey and then relocated to San Diego before the start of the 1974-75 season.^[26]

Soccer

Talen Energy Stadium, home of the Philadelphia Union of Major League Soccer

The Philadelphia Union is a Major League Soccer team that plays in the Eastern Conference. The franchise began play in 2010. The Union play at Talen Energy Stadium, a soccer-specific stadium located in Chester, Pennsylvania. The Sons of Ben is an independent supporters group that helped bring the Union to the Philadelphia area, and which continues to support the Union. The Union's top affiliate is Bethlehem Steel FC, named in tribute to the early 20th century soccer power house. Bethlehem Steel began play in 2015; the team is a member of the United Soccer League and plays in Goodman Stadium in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania. The Union has made the playoffs only once, in 2011. However, it has also reached the U. S. Open Cup final twice, in 2014 and 2015, losing both games at home (in overtime in 2014 to Seattle and after penalty kicks in 2015 to Kansas City).

Bethlehem Steel F.C. circa July 1921.

The original Bethlehem Steel F.C. was one of the most successful early American soccer clubs; the club was sponsored by the Bethlehem Steel Corporation and played from 1907–1930.^[27] The club won league championships in two semi-professional leagues, the AAFBA and the NAFBL. For the inaugural 1921-1922 season of the professional American Soccer League, Bethlehem Steel F.C. moved to Philadelphia and competed as the Philadelphia Field Club. The team won the first American Soccer League championship, but moved back to Bethlehem and reverted to its original name. Three other franchises also competed as the Philadelphia Field Club, giving Philadelphia continuous representation in the ASL between 1921 and 1929 (although the second incarnation of Philadelphia Field Club changed its name to the Philadelphia Celtic for one season). During the 1924-1925 season, Fleisher Yarn joined the ASL, giving Philadelphia two teams. Excluding the first incarnation of the Philadelphia Field Club, the Philadelphia ASL teams experienced little success. The ASL was one of the most popular sports leagues in the country before it dissolved due to the onset of the Great Depression and disagreements with the United States Football Association and FIFA.^[28] After returning to Bethlehem, Bethlehem Steel F.C. won a second ASL championship in 1927, and then played in the Eastern Professional Soccer League from 1928 to 1929, winning the league championship in both seasons. The EPSL and ASL merged after the 1929 season, but Bethlehem Steel FC folded in 1930 and the ASL collapsed in 1933. Bethlehem Steel F.C. won the US Open Cup five times, which remains a record (shared with Maccabi Los Angeles). The club also won the American Cup six times. Hall of Fame Bethlehem Steel players include Jock Ferguson, Robert Millar, Harry Ratican, Tommy Fleming, and Archie Stark, whose international record of 70 goals in one season stood for 87 years before it was broken by Lionel Messi in 2012.^[29] In 2013, the Philadelphia Union unveiled a third uniform that pays homage to Bethlehem Steel F.C.^[30]

Sébastien Le Toux scored the first goal in Union history

Following the collapse of the ASL, soccer in the United States declined in popularity and the country lacked a major professional soccer league. In 1967, two major soccer leagues, the National Professional Soccer League and the United Soccer Association, both began play. The Philadelphia Spartans, owned by Pittsburgh Steelers owner Art Rooney, played at Temple Stadium for the NPSL's lone season. After one season, the NPSL merged with the USA to form the FIFA-backed North American Soccer League; the Spartans did not make the jump to the NASL, but two different franchises later represented Philadelphia. The Philadelphia Atoms played from 1973 to 1976, winning the championship in their inaugural season. The Atoms folded after the 1976 season, having been bought by Mexican owners whose plans to move the team to San Antonio were not approved by the league. The Philadelphia Fury played from 1978 to 1980, but were bought by Molson Brewery and moved to Montreal to become the Manic. The Atoms and the Fury both played at Veterans Stadium, though the Atoms played their final season in Philadelphia at Franklin Field. The NASL folded in 1984, leaving the United States without a top-level soccer league until Major League Soccer began play in 1996.

Timeline of franchises

The timeline includes Philadelphia franchises that played in major professional sports leagues after 1900. Note that the Philadelphia Field Club was actually four different franchises.

Baseball Football Basketball Hockey Soccer

Major professional championships and MVPs

Major professional championships

Championships won by Philadelphia teams in the five major leagues (NFL, MLB, NBA, NHL, MLS):

1910 Philadelphia Athletics 1911 Philadelphia Athletics 1913 Philadelphia Athletics 1926 Frankford Yellow Jackets 1929 Philadelphia Athletics 1930 Philadelphia Athletics 1946-47 Philadelphia Warriors[31] 1948 Philadelphia Eagles 1949 Philadelphia Eagles 1955-56 Philadelphia Warriors 1960 Philadelphia Eagles 1966-67 Philadelphia 76ers 1973-74 Philadelphia Flyers 1974-75 Philadelphia Flyers 1980 Philadelphia Phillies 1982-83 Philadelphia 76ers 2008 Philadelphia Phillies

Philadelphia's failure to win a championship between 1983 and 2008 was often jokingly attributed to the "Curse of Billy Penn." In 2010, Philadelphia sports fans picked both of the Phillies' World Series wins as the two greatest moments in Philadelphia sports, with the 2008 win picked as the single best moment.^[32]

MVPs

The following Philadelphia players won the regular season most valuable player award of the NFL (AP), MLB, NHL, NBA, or MLS. Note that the MLB confers an MVP award to one player in the American League and one player in the National League.

Eddie Collins, AL, 1914 Mickey Cochrane, AL, 1928 Lefty Grove, AL, 1931 Chuck Klein, NL, 1932 Jimmie Foxx, AL, 1932 Jimmie Foxx, AL, 1933 Jim Konstanty, NL, 1950 Bobby Shantz, AL, 1952 Norm Van Brocklin, NFL, 1960 Wilt Chamberlain, NBA, 1960 Wilt Chamberlain, NBA, 1966 Wilt Chamberlain, NBA, 1967 Wilt Chamberlain, NBA, 1968 Bobby Clarke, NHL, 1973 Bobby Clarke, NHL, 1975 Bobby Clarke, NHL, 1976 Mike Schmidt, NL, 1980 Mike Schmidt, NL, 1981 Julius Erving, NBA, 1981 Moses Malone, NBA, 1983 Mike Schmidt, NL, 1986 Eric Lindros, NHL, 1995 Allen Iverson, NBA, 2001 Ryan Howard, NL, 2006 Jimmy Rollins, NL, 2007

Rivalries

Philadelphia has rivalries with three of the four other major cities in the "Northeast megalopolis", particularly New York City, as well as a long history with an instate rival, Pittsburgh. Philadelphia teams also compete with teams from New York City and Pittsburgh for fans in New Jersey and Pennsylvania.^[33][34][35] In addition to regional rivalries, teams from Philadelphia have a number of other rivalries with teams from other cities.

New York City

The Flyers and the Rangers take a face-off

As the two largest cities in the United States for much of the nation's history, New York and Philadelphia have a historical rivalry that has continued in the world of sports. In each of the five sports leagues, there is intra-division competition between teams from New York City and Philadelphia in each of the five major leagues, as seen in the rivalries between the New York Mets and the Philadelphia Phillies in the National League East, the New York Giants and the Philadelphia Eagles in the NFC East, the New York Knicks and the Philadelphia 76ers in the NBA's Atlantic Division, the New York Rangers and the Philadelphia Flyers in the National Hockey League's Metropolitan Division, and the Philadelphia Union and the New York Red Bulls in Major League Soccer's Eastern Conference.^[36] The Flyers also have an intense rivalry with the New Jersey Devils (who play in the New York metropolitan area) and were major rivals with the New York Islanders in the 1970s and 1980s. The Brooklyn Nets and the 76ers are also divisional rivals, as both teams play in the Atlantic Division. The Phillies and Yankees play each other very rarely, but the teams met in the 1950 World Series and the 2009 World Series. The New York Jets and the Eagles have only played each other nine times, with the Eagles winning every game.^[37]

Pittsburgh

Philadelphia and Pittsburgh are the two major cities of Pennsylvania and the only two cities in the state with major professional sports franchises, and the teams of the two cities have had strong rivalries in the NHL, MLB, and NFL. Perhaps the strongest current rivalry is between the Philadelphia Flyers and the Pittsburgh Penguins, both of which play in the Metropolitan Division of the NHL. The rivalry is generally considered to be one of the fiercest in the NHL.^[38][39]

Although not major rivals since the 1994 MLB divisional realignment, the Pittsburgh Pirates and Phillies had historically been heated rivals in the National League, and frequently competed for the National League East division title. The Phillies and Pirates still play regularly, but are no longer in the same division. The Pirates earned their name from a 19th-century incident with the Philadelphia Athletics; after the Pirates signed second baseman Lou Bierbauer, the Athletics protested that Pittsburgh's actions were "piratical."

The Pittsburgh Steelers and the Eagles both came into the NFL during the 1933 season. Between 1945 and 1970, the Eagles and Steelers played each other every year, and the two teams met in a one-game playoff in 1947.^[40] However, the Steelers moved to the American Football Conference as part of the 1970 AFL-NFL Merger, and the Eagles and Steelers only play each other every four years.

There is also a spirited rivalry between Pittsburgh and Philadelphia at both the University of Pittsburgh and Penn State University, as there are many students from both cities at both state-related schools.

Other rivalries

Philadelphia and Boston have historically had strong rivalries in the NBA and NHL.^[41] The 76ers have a long rivalry with the Boston Celtics and both currently compete in the Atlantic Division. The two franchises have met each other in the NBA playoffs more than any other pair of franchises.^[42] Sixers guard Andrew Toney earned the appellation "The Boston Strangler" for his clutch play against the Boston Celtics in the 1980s. The Flyers have met the Boston Bruins seven times in the NHL playoffs, including a stretch where they met four out of five years. The Philadelphia Phillies and the Boston Red Sox are interleague rivals, and the two franchises met in the 1915 World Series. The Eagles and the New England Patriots rarely play, but the teams met in the 2005 Super Bowl. The Union and the New England Revolution both play in the MLS's Eastern Conference.

Philadelphia and Washington, D.C. have teams in the same division in the NFL, NHL, MLB, and MLS. The Eagles and the Washington Redskins have a long history, having (almost always) competed in the same division since 1933. The Flyers and the Washington Capitals both play in the Metropolitan Division; the rivals have met four times in the NHL playoffs. The Washington Nationals franchise (including their predecessor, the Montreal Expos) and the Phillies have competed in the NL East since 1969. The Union have developed an intraconference rivalry with D.C. United.^[43] The Washington Wizards and the 76ers also both play in the NBA's Eastern Conference, and the two teams met in the NBA playoffs four times in the 1970s and 1980s, including the 1978 Eastern Conference Finals.

Philadelphia teams have rivalries with teams from outside of the Northeast. There is a passionate NFC East rivalry between the Eagles and the Cowboys, with a number of stories and memorable events surrounding the rivalry.^[44] The 76ers enjoy an interconference rivalry with the Los Angeles Lakers. The two teams met in the NBA Finals in 1980, 1982, 1983, and 2001. The Phillies have developed a rivalry with the Atlanta Braves. The teams met in the 1993 NLCS, and the two franchises are the most frequent winners of the NL East.

Other professional teams

Football

Ron Jaworski, former Eagles quarterback and owner of the Soul

The Philadelphia Soul are an Arena Football League franchise founded in 2004. The team plays in the Wells Fargo Center. The Philadelphia Soul won ArenaBowl XXII in 2008 before the league formally disbanded in 2009. The Soul returned in 2010 after the Arena Football League restarted its operations as a new entity. The Soul have won three conference championships and three division championships.

Philadelphia hosts some women's football teams as well. The city's first women's tackle football team was the Philadelphia Liberty Belles, which played in the National Women's Football Association and the Independent Women's Football League from 2001–2004. A second incarnation of the Liberty Belles was founded in 2009, and plays in the Women's Football Alliance. The Philadelphia Firebirds, established in 2003, play in the Independent Women's Football League. The Philadelphia Passion play in the Legends Football League.

Other football teams in the city have folded. In 1902 the owners of the three MLB teams in Pennsylvania founded the National Football League (a league unrelated to the modern NFL). The league consisted of the Phillies, Athletics, and the Pittsburgh Stars, and lasted only one year. Many of the players from the Philadelphia teams played for the "New York Philadelphians" during the 1902 World Series of Football. Other early football clubs include the Union Club of Phoenixville, Conshohocken Athletic Club, Union Quakers of Philadelphia, and Holmesburg Athletic Club. The Clifton Heights Orange & Black competed from 1921–1932, and played in the short-lived Eastern League of Professional Football. The Philadelphia Bulldogs played in the Continental Football League from 1965−1966. They won the 1966 championship. The Pottstown Firebirds competed in the Atlantic Coast Football League from 1968–1970; the franchise was an affiliate of the Philadelphia Eagles.

Baseball

Although the Phillies are the only active professional baseball team in Philadelphia, three other teams play in the Delaware Valley. The Reading Fightin Phils are the Double-A affiliate of the Philadelphia Phillies. The club was established in 1967, and plays in the Eastern League. Notable alumni of the Fightin Phils include Mike Schmidt, Ryne Sandberg, and Jimmy Rollins. The Camden Riversharks play in nearby Camden, New Jersey. The Riversharks were founded in 2001, and play in the Atlantic League of Professional Baseball. The Wilmington Blue Rocks are a Kansas City Royals affiliate that play in Wilmington, Delaware. Three other Phillies affiliates play in Pennsylvania or New Jersey: the Triple-A Lehigh Valley IronPigs play in Allentown, Pennsylvania, the Class A Lakewood BlueClaws play in Lakewood Township, New Jersey, and the Class A Williamsport Crosscutters play in Williamsport, Pennsylvania. Another minor league team, the Trenton Thunder, have played in Trenton, New Jersey since 1994; the team is currently the Double-A affiliate of the Yankees.

The 1874 Philadelphia Athletics. This incarnation of the Athletics (unrelated to the modern Oakland Athletics) was the first major league baseball team in the city

During the 19th century, Philadelphia was home to numerous franchises that played in various leagues that did not last into the 20th century. Many of these leagues are considered to be "major leagues" by baseball historians and record keepers. Three different franchises, none directly related to each other or the current Oakland Athletics franchise, played in Philadelphia during the 19th century. The original Philadelphia Athletics (also known as Athletic of Philadelphia) were formed in 1860, and played in the National Association and the National League. Another Athletics franchise played in the American Association from 1882–1890, while a third Athletics franchise (also known as the Quakers) played one season in the Players' League and one season in the American Association. The Philadelphia White Stockings and the Philadelphia Centennials played in the National Association during the 1870s. Joe Borden of the White Stockings pitched the first no-hitter in professional history. The Philadelphia Keystones and the Wilmington Quicksteps both played parts of the Union Association's lone season in 1884.

Before the integration of Major League Baseball following World War II, Philadelphia was the home of numerous Negro League teams. The Philadelphia Pythians played from 1867–1887, and were one of the top early black baseball clubs. Shortly after the end of the Civil War, the Pythians tried to join the National League but were denied membership.^[45] The Philadelphia Giants were a Negro League team that played from 1902–1911. The Hilldale Club played as an independent and in several leagues from 1910–1932. Hilldale won the Negro World Series in 1925. The Philadelphia Tigers played in the Eastern Colored League in 1928. Two franchises played in the second incarnation of the Negro National League: the Philadelphia Stars played from 1934 to 1948, while the Bacharach Giants played in the league in 1934. The Stars won the Negro League National Championship in 1934.

Ice hockey

The Philadelphia Phantoms play against the Portland Pirates in their final season at the Spectrum. The Phantoms now play in Allentown as the Lehigh Valley Phantoms.

Both of the Flyers's minor league affiliates play in Eastern Pennsylvania. The Lehigh Valley Phantoms are the top minor league affiliate of the Flyers. The Phantoms have played in Allentown, Pennsylvania since 2014. From 1996 to 2009, the Phantoms played in the Spectrum and were known as the Philadelphia Phantoms. The franchise won the Calder Cup in 1998 and 2005. The Reading Royals are the ECHL affiliate of the Philadelphia Flyers. The franchise was founded in 1991 as the Columbus Chill, but moved to Reading in 2001. The Royals won the league championship for the first time in 2013. The Flyers have had other affiliates in Eastern Pennsylvania and New Jersey. The Trenton Titans of Trenton, New Jersey played in the ECHL from 1999–2013, and served as the affiliate of the Flyers before they were bought by the New Jersey Devils. The Hershey Bears of Hershey, Pennsylvania are the oldest continuously-operating professional hockey franchise outside of the NHL's Original Six. The Bears served as the AHL affiliate of the Flyers for parts of the 1980s and 1990s.

Philadelphia has had several minor league hockey teams play in the city and the surrounding area. The Philadelphia Arrows were the first hockey franchise in city history, playing in the Canadian-American Hockey League from 1927–1935. The franchise changed its name to the Philadelphia Ramblers before the 1935–36 season and joined the American Hockey League, where it won the 1936 league championship (the year before the league introduced the Calder Cup). The team acted as the primary affiliate of the New York Rangers from 1935–1941. The Philadelphia Falcons played in the Eastern Hockey League from 1942–1946, before jumping to the American Hockey League and playing as the Philadelphia Rockets from 1946–1949. Another franchise named the Ramblers played in the EHL from 1955–1964; the Ramblers moved to Cherry Hill, New Jersey and played as the Jersey Devils from 1964–1973. A previous EHL Cherry Hill team named the Jersey Larks had played one season in 1960–1961. The Philadelphia Firebirds were a minor-league hockey team that played in the Philadelphia Civic Center from 1974–1979. They played in the North American Hockey League from 1974–1977, winning the league championship in 1976. When the NAHL folded in 1977, they joined the American Hockey League. The team moved to Syracuse in 1979, but folded in 1980. Another short-lived team which played in the Centrum (the renamed Cherry Hill Arena) was the Jersey Aces, which started the 1979-80 Northeastern Hockey League season in Cherry Hill but moved mid-season, playing the final 18 games of its season in Hampton, VA where it continued operating until 1981.

Basketball

The Philadelphia area is home to at least two professional teams other than the Sixers. The Delaware 87ers are the NBA Development League affiliate of the Philadelphia 76ers. The franchise began in playing in Newark in 2013 after previously being known as the Utah Flash. The Destroyers are a Philadelphia-based team that play in the American Professional Basketball League.

The Philadelphia area had three teams that played in the American Basketball League; the league was the product of an early attempt at forming a top-level national professional basketball league. The Philadelphia Warriors played in the ABL in the 1920s. The Philadelphia Sphas played from 1917–1949, winning seven ABL championships. With the rise of the NBA, the ABL ceased to be a major league, and the Sphas became the touring opponent of the Harlem Globetrotters. The Sphas were renamed the Washington Generals in 1952. Wilmington also had a team in the ABL: the Wilmington Bombers played in the league in the 1940s.

The Philadelphia area has hosted numerous other defunct basketball teams. Two franchises named the Bullets played in Camden and Cherry Hill in the 1960s and 1970s. The Philadelphia Kings played in the Continental Basketball Association in the league's 1980–1981 season. The Philadelphia Aces played in the United States Basketball League from 1987–1990. The Philadelphia Spirit played in the United States Basketball League from 1991–1992. The Philadelphia Rage moved from Richmond, Virginia in 1997 and played a year and a half in the American Basketball League before the league folded during the 1998 season. The Philadelphia Fusion, formerly the Jersey Squires, was an American Basketball Association team that folded in February 2005.

Soccer

The 1917–18 Bethlehem Steel F.C., winner of the prestigious US Open Cup

Philadelphia has been the home of numerous defunct professional soccer teams. The Philadelphia Phillies and other baseball clubs established the American League of Professional Football, the first professional soccer league in the United States. The league only played for one season in 1894. Arthur Irwin, the manager of the Phillies baseball team, served as the league president.^[46] Other early Philadelphia-area soccer clubs include Philadelphia Hibernian, Centennial F.C., Philadelphia Merchant Ship, Disston A.A., Victor F.C..^[47] Numerous teams competed in the defunct second American Soccer League, including the Philadelphia Ukrainians, Uhrik Truckers, Philadelphia Nationals and the Philadelphia Spartans. The Philadelphia Ukrainians won the US Open Cup four times, while the Uhrik Truckers won the trophy once. Walter Bahr, a Philadelphia native and the captain of the 1950 U.S. national team that defeated England, played for the Ukrainians and the Nationals. The Philadelphia Fever were an indoor team that played in the original Major Indoor Soccer League from 1978 to 1982. The Philadelphia KiXX were an indoor team that played from 1995–2010 in the National Indoor Soccer League and the Major Indoor Soccer League. The KiXX won the championship in 2002 and 2007, but disbanded in 2010. Philadelphia has also been home to defunct women's soccer teams.

Philadelphia has had two defunct women's teams that played at the top level of the United States soccer pyramid. The Philadelphia Charge played in the Women's United Soccer Association from 2000–2003, while the Philadelphia Independence played the 2010 and 2011 seasons in Women's Professional Soccer, reaching (and losing in) the championship game each year before the league folded in 2012. Philadelphia has not yet had a team play in the National Women's Soccer League, which is currently the top women's league in the United States.

Lacrosse

The Philadelphia Wings versus the Minnesota Swarm. The Wings relocated from Philadelphia in 2014 to become the New England Black Wolves.

Philadelphia does not currently host any professional lacrosse teams, but two franchises used to play in the area. The Philadelphia Wings of the National Lacrosse League played at the Wells Fargo Center in South Philadelphia. The Wings won the NLL title six times, in 1989, 1990, 1994, 1995, 1998, and 2001. They were the longest-tenured team in one location in the NLL, but relocated after the 2014 season to become the New England Black Wolves. The Philadelphia Barrage were a Major League Lacrosse franchise that played in Philadelphia from 2004–2008. The team won the league championship in three out of the five years they played in Philadelphia, but the franchise folded after the 2008 season.

Collegiate sports

The city of Philadelphia hosts nine NCAA schools. Drexel University, La Salle University, the University of Pennsylvania, Saint Joseph's University, and Temple University are NCAA Division I schools, while Chestnut Hill College, Holy Family University, Philadelphia University, and the University of the Sciences in Philadelphia compete in NCAA Division II. Other schools in the Delaware Valley CSA are also NCAA members, including Division I schools Villanova University, Delaware State University, and the University of Delaware.

The following table shows all NCAA Division I schools in the Delaware Valley and all NCAA schools in Philadelphia.

School	Team	Est.	Type	Location	Varsity Sports	Division	Conference	Football
Chestnut Hill College	Griffins	1924	Catholic	Chestnut Hill	16	II	Central Atlantic	No
University of Delaware	Fightin' Blue Hens	1743	Public	Newark	20	I	CAA	FCS
Delaware State University	Hornets	1891	Public	Dover	16	I	MEAC	FCS
Drexel University	Dragons	1891	Private	University City	18	I	CAA	No
Holy Family University	Tigers	1954	Catholic	Torresdale	15	II	Central Atlantic	No
La Salle University	Explorers	1863	Catholic	Logan	23	I	Atlantic 10	No
University of Pennsylvania	Quakers	1740	Private	University City	27	I	Ivy League	FCS
Philadelphia University	Rams	1884	Private	East Falls	16	II	Central Atlantic	No
Saint Joseph's University	Hawks	1851	Catholic	Wynnefield	20	I	Atlantic 10	No
Temple University	Owls	1884	Public	North Philadelphia	19	I	The American	FBS
University of the Sciences	Devils	1821	Private	Spruce Hill	12	II	Central Atlantic	No
Villanova University	Wildcats	1842	Catholic	Villanova	24	I	Big East	FCS (CAA)

Football

The 2005 Army–Navy football game, played at Lincoln Financial Field. Philadelphia has hosted the annual game more often than any other city.

The Army-Navy football game — an annual college football game between the rival service academies, the United States Military Academy (West Point) and the United States Naval Academy (Annapolis) — has been held more often in Philadelphia (which is located approximately midway between the two schools) than in all other locations put together. Eleven of the past fifteen Army–Navy Games have been held in Philadelphia.

Temple University, which began playing football in 1894, fields the only Division I FBS football team in Philadelphia. Temple, one of many schools that switched conferences in the early 2010s, joined the American Athletic Conference in 2012. Although Temple is the lone FBS school in the region, the Pennsylvania State University Nittany Lions are the most popular college football team in Philadelphia and the Delaware Valley.^[48] Penn State is a member of the Big Ten, one of the "Power Five conferences" in college football. The school began playing football in 1887, and has won two consensus national championships. Many fans in the Philadelphia area also root for the Atlantic Coast Conference-affiliated University of Notre Dame Fighting Irish or the Big Ten-affiliated Rutgers Scarlet Knights.

The University of Pennsylvania, Delaware State University, Villanova University, and the University of Delaware all field Division I FCS football teams; Penn plays in the Ivy League, Delaware State plays in the Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference, and Delaware and Villanova (for football only) are members of the Colonial Athletic Association. The Penn Quakers first played in 1876, and share a claim to six national championships. Villanova, which began playing football in 1894, won the 2009 FCS national championship. Delaware's football team began playing in 1889; the school won the 2003 FCS championship. Delaware State began playing football in 1924, and the school lays claim to the 2007 black college football national championship. Delaware and Villanova have played each other every year since 1988 in the Battle of the Blue, while Delaware and Delaware State have played every year since 2011 in the Route 1 Rivalry.

St. Joseph's, Drexel, and most recently La Salle have all discontinued their football programs. Philadelphia also formerly had a bowl game: from 1959–1963, the city hosted the Liberty Bowl, the only cold-weather bowl game of its time. The bowl game moved to Memphis, Tennessee in 1965.

Men's Basketball

College basketball at the University of Pennsylvania's Palestra. The Palestra hosts many of the basketball games of the Big Five, a collegiate rivalry among five Philadelphia-area teams.

Philadelphia enjoys a unique basketball rivalry among the Big 5, a group of five local Division I universities: Temple, Saint Joseph's, Penn, Villanova, and La Salle. The Big 5 teams have played many of their games at the Palestra, Penn's venerable gymnasium. The Big 5 rivalry is unique because each of the schools has a rich basketball history and each school is located within a fifteen-mile radius of all of the others. Each of the Big 5 schools has made at least one appearance in the NCAA Final Four, and two have won national titles—La Salle in 1954 and Villanova in 1985 and 2016. Villanova's victory over Georgetown in the 1985 championship game is widely considered one of the greatest upsets in NCAA basketball history.^[49] Temple, Penn, Villanova, and Saint Joseph's all rank among the top 50 Division I teams in number of games won. Two Big 5 players have won the Naismith College Player of the Year award: Jameer Nelson of St. Joseph's in 2004 and Lionel Simmons of La Salle in 1990. Saint Joseph's and La Salle compete in the Atlantic 10, while Penn and Villanova are perennial powers in the Ivy League and the Big East. Temple joined the American Athletic Conference in all sports when the original Big East split into two leagues in 2013 (it had joined Big East football a year earlier). Prior to the Big East split, Temple had been a member of the Atlantic 10, and it still holds the most A-10 Basketball Tournament championships.

Drexel joined Division I in 1973 and makes up the City 6 in extramurals with the Big 5, and has its own basketball rivalry with Penn, known as the Battle of 33rd Street. The Drexel–Penn rivalry is geographically the closest in NCAA Division I; the two schools' campuses adjoin one another, and their basketball arenas are three blocks apart. Drexel has never made the Final Four, but did reach the second round of the 1996 tournament. Delaware has made five NCAA tournament appearances, reaching the second round in 2014. Delaware State has reached the NCAA tournament once, losing in the first round in 2005. Delaware and Drexel both play in the CAA, while Delaware State plays in the MEAC. Four Philadelphia schools field Division II teams: Chestnut Hill College, Holy Family University, Philadelphia University, and the University of the Sciences.

In 1939, Philadelphia hosted the first game of the first NCAA tournament.^[50] Philadelphia also hosted the Final Four in 1976 and 1981.

Women's Basketball

Women's basketball is another popular college sport in Philadelphia. St. Joseph's, Villanova, and Temple have all appeared at least ten times in the NCAA Women's Division I Basketball Championship tournament, while La Salle, Penn, Drexel, Delaware, and Delaware State have all appeared in at least one tournament. Villanova has advanced further than any other area school, making the Elite Eight in 2003. Immaculata University, a small Catholic school in the Philadelphia suburbs, won the first three AIAW Women's Basketball Tournaments. The three championship teams were collectively inducted into the Basketball Hall of Fame in 2014.^[51] One of the players on the Immaculata team, Theresa Grentz, served as head coach of the United States women's national basketball team.

Rugby

Numerous colleges in the area offer club rugby teams, with most area teams competing as part of the Eastern Pennsylvania Rugby Union. The Collegiate Rugby Championship (CRC), is a college rugby sevens tournament held every June at Talen Energy Stadium near Philadelphia. The CRC is the highest profile college rugby competition in the United States, with the tournament broadcast live on NBC every year. The Collegiate Rugby Championship has succeeded in drawing media attention, corporate sponsorships and attendance.^{[52][53][54][55][56]}

Boathouse Row on the Schuylkill River, an enduring symbol of Philadelphia's rich rowing history

Rowing

Rowing has been popular in Philadelphia since the 18th century.^[15] Boathouse Row is a symbol of Philadelphia's rich rowing history, and each Big Five member has its own boathouse. Philadelphia hosts numerous local and collegiate rowing clubs and competitions, including the annual Dad Vail Regatta, the largest intercollegiate rowing event in the U.S., the Stotesbury Cup Regatta, and the Head of the Schuylkill Regatta, all of which are held on the Schuylkill River. The regattas are hosted and organized by the Schuylkill Navy, an association of area rowing clubs that has produced numerous Olympic rowers.

Other sports

In addition to basketball, football, and rowing, schools in the Philadelphia area offer other varsity sports. Temple, for example, fields varsity teams in lacrosse, soccer, volleyball, and several other sports.^[57] In 1905, Haverford College played in the first modern intercollegiate soccer match.^[58] Penn's fencing team has won three national championships. The schools also offer intramural sports.

Semi-pro, amateur, and community teams

Rugby league

Rugby league is an increasingly popular sport in the Philadelphia area. The Philadelphia Fight play in the USA Rugby League. The club has won three USARL championships. The Aston Bulls, Bucks County Sharks, and Delaware Valley Mantarays played in the AMNRL before the league folded in 2013. The Sharks joined the Fight in USARL upon the folding of AMNRL. In 2015, Delaware Black Foxes joined USARL as an expansion team. Aston, Pennsylvania is considered as the birthplace of rugby league in America.^[59]

Rugby union

Rugby union is also an increasingly popular sport in the Philadelphia area. Schuylkill River Exiles Rugby Football Club are a Division 1 men's rugby club based in Philadelphia. The team plays matches on public fields in Fairmount Park, and are members of USA Rugby and the Mid-Atlantic Rugby Football Union. The club was founded in 1995. Media Rugby Football Club is a Division 1 rugby club that was founded in 1978. Media Rugby is a member of USA Rugby and the Mid-Atlantic Rugby Football Union. The Philadelphia Whitemarsh RFC is a division 3 rugby union team in Philadelphia. The team was formed in 1985 after the merging of the Philadelphia and Whitemarsh clubs. The Hibernian RFC formed in 1976 by former Blackthorn RFC plays right outside of Philadelphia, in Bucks County. The Northeast Philadelphia Rugby team, also known as the Fish, is a division 3 team in Philadelphia that was formed in 2011.

There are several women's rugby union teams in Philadelphia and the surrounding suburbs. Philadelphia Women's Rugby and Keystone Women's Rugby (in King of Prussia) compete in USA Rugby Division I. Brandywine Women's Rugby (in West Chester) and Doylestown Women's Rugby compete in Division II. Northeast Philadelphia Women's Rugby, associated with the Irish, joined the EPRU in 2011.^[60]

Cricket

Cricket has a long history of play in Philadelphia, and Philadelphia was one of the last bastions of cricket in the United States.^[61] Philadelphia was the center of the "golden age" of American cricket in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The Philadelphian cricket team represented Philadelphia in first class cricket from 1878–1913, and played against some of the top teams in the world. Players on the team include George Patterson, John Lester, and Bart King, perhaps the greatest American cricket player.^[62]

The Philadelphia Cricket Club was founded in 1854.^[63] Greats such as Bart King, Percy Clark, and Christie Morris played for the team in its prime. Though it was disbanded in 1924, it was revived in 1998. Other cricket clubs in Germantown, Merion, Belmont flourished during the late 19th and early 20th century.

Since 1993, the city has been home to the annual Philadelphia International Cricket Festival, held during the first weekend in May, benefiting the Inglis Foundation. Each year, twelve teams, including five from the area and seven from across the United States or guest international sides, are invited to participate in the festival.

Soccer

The Philadelphia area has a long history of successful amateur soccer teams. The National Amateur Cup has been won several times by Philadelphia teams; winners include Fleisher Yarn, Philadelphia German-Americans, Philadelphia Inter, and Philadelphia United German-Hungarians. The latter club helped found the United Soccer League of Pennsylvania. The Lighthouse Boys Club is a successful club whose history stretches back to the 19th century. Junior Lone Star FC is an amateur soccer team that plays in the National Premier Soccer League. The club is based in Southwest Philadelphia, and was founded in 2001 by West African immigrants, mainly from Liberia. Buxmont Torch FC of Perkasie, Pennsylvania also plays in the NPSL. Reading United A.C., founded in 1996, plays in the Premier Development League. The club has served as an affiliate of the Union since 2009. The Ocean City Nor'easters, founded in 1996, also play in the Premier Development League. The Philadelphia Fever and Philadelphia Liberty FC play in the Women's Premier Soccer League.

Other sports

There are a number of Junior hockey teams in the area. The Flyers sponsor three teams: the Philadelphia Flyers Junior Hockey Club, Philadelphia Little Flyers, and Philadelphia Junior Flyers. The Philadelphia Revolution also play in the area. The Philadelphia Flyers Junior Hockey Club plays in the USPHL, while the other teams play in the EHL.

Penn Jersey Roller Derby is a Philadelphia-based co-ed roller derby league, founded in 2005. They were one of the founding leagues of the Old School Derby Association.^[64] The Philly Rollergirls are another Philadelphia-based women's roller derby league, founded in 2005.^[65] The Philly Rollergirls are a member of the Women's Flat Track Derby Association, and have been host to the WFTDA East Coast Derby Extravaganza tournament since 2007.^[66][67] The Diamond State Roller Girls is a roller derby league based in Wilmington, Delaware.

The Professional Inline Hockey Association has had several franchises in Philadelphia and the surrounding area, including the Philadelphia Growl. The Philadelphia Phoenix play ultimate in the American Ultimate Disc League, while the Philadelphia Spinners are a Major League Ultimate franchise. The Philadelphia Justice are a professional dodgeball team that has played in the National Dodgeball League since 2011. The United States Australian Football League is represented by the Philadelphia Hawks, since 1998.

Due to a long history of Irish immigration, the Philadelphia area has hosted Gaelic games for over a hundred years.^[68] The Philadelphia Division GAA Board is the governing body of Gaelic games in Philadelphia.

Individual sports

Franklin Field at the University of Pennsylvania. Franklin Field hosts the annual Penn Relays.

Philadelphia's Franklin Field hosts the annual Penn Relays, the largest early-season track and field meet in the United States. One of the busiest streets in the city, Broad Street, is closed to traffic for the annual Broad Street Run, a 10-mile race contested since 1980. The Philadelphia Marathon, founded in 1954, is an annual marathon held on the third Sunday of November. The city also hosts the Philadelphia Distance Run. Philadelphia has also hosted several one-off events or events without a fixed venue, including UFC 101 and UFC 133. The Wells Fargo Center, Liacouras Center, The Borgata, and other venues in the area host various events. 2300 Arena hosts boxing, mixed martial arts, and professional wrestling events.

Boxing

Joe Frazier, heavyweight boxing champion who lived in Philadelphia

Philadelphia has a rich history in boxing, with the sport having gained popularity in the 1850s.^[15] The 2300 Arena is a prominent venue, and was named 2006 Venue of the Year by ESPN2 boxing program Wednesday Night Fights. The Blue Horizon was also a popular venue before it closed in 2010.

Philadelphia has been the home of several prominent boxers. Though born in Beaufort, South Carolina, former world heavyweight champion and Olympic gold medalist Joe Frazier lived in Philadelphia. Frazier owned and managed a Philadelphia boxing gym before his death in 2011. Philadelphia native Bernard Hopkins is a former world middleweight and light-heavyweight champion. Hopkins is perhaps best known for his incredible longevity, as he has remained active in the light heavyweight division well past his 40th birthday.^[69][70] Other prominent boxers from the Philadelphia area include Danny García, Bryant Jennings, Jesse Hart, Tyrell Biggs, Tommy Loughran, Jimmy Young, Randall "Tex" Cobb, Meldrick Taylor, Tyrone Crawley, Steve Cunningham, Buster Drayton, Joey Giardello, Eric Harding, Matthew Saad Muhammad, Harold Johnson, and David Reid. Muhammad Ali and Sonny Liston also lived in Philadelphia during their boxing careers.^[71][72]

Racing

Smarty Jones at the Philadelphia Park Racetrack. Jones won the Kentucky Derby and Preakness Stakes in 2004.

Philadelphia does not currently host any professional automobile racing, but Philadelphia is in close proximity to Dover International Speedway and Pocono Raceway. Defunct racing facilities in the area include Trenton Speedway, Langhorne Speedway, Nazareth Speedway, and Flemington Speedway. Midget car racing was popular during the 1930s and '40s; the two major tracks were Yellow Jacket Speedway, which closed in 1950, and National Speedway, which closed during World War II as a result of fuel rationing. Races were sanctioned by the American Automobile Association.^[73] In 2005, the Champ Car World Series negotiated with the city to organize a race, but no agreement was reached.^[74] Philadelphia has produced multiple winners of the Indianapolis 500, including Pete DePaolo, Kelly Petillo, and Bill Holland. Other notable drivers from Philadelphia include Skip Barber, Al Holbert, Spencer Wishart, and Kirk Shelmerdine. Mario Andretti and other members of the Andretti family live in nearby Bethlehem, Pennsylvania.

Horse racing became popular in Philadelphia in the mid-1700s,^[15] and successful horses continue to be bred in the Philadelphia area.^[75] William Penn, the founder of Philadelphia and Pennsylvania, reportedly raced his horses down the streets of Philadelphia.^[76] Man o' War, owned by Philadelphia-area businessman Samuel D. Riddle was named the horse of the century by The Blood-Horse magazine. Riddle also owned Triple Crown-winning horse War Admiral. In 2004, Smarty Jones, who was bred in the Philadelphia area, won the Kentucky Derby and the Preakness Stakes. Other horses with ties to the area include Afleet Alex,^[75] Barbaro, Hard Spun, and Lil E. Tee.^[77] Parx Casino and Racing hosts numerous horse races, including the Pennsylvania Derby, the Cotillion Handicap, and the Greenwood Cup Stakes. The Atlantic City Race Course also hosts horse racing.

Tennis player Bill Tilden. Tilden is widely considered to be one of the best tennis players of the first half of the 20th century.^[78]

The Manayunk area of the city is home to the annual Philadelphia International Championship bike race. The main feature of the race is the "Manayunk Wall", an inclined street including all of Levering Avenue and a few blocks of Lyceum Avenue. The race may have helped promote a local economic revival, and cycling is a prominent theme of many of the shops and restaurants in the area. The women's Liberty Classic is held at the same time and over the same course.

Other sports

Golf has a long history in Philadelphia; the Golf Association of Philadelphia is the oldest regional golf association in the United States. Aronimink Golf Club in Newtown Square, Pennsylvania has hosted several PGA and USGA events, including the 1962 PGA Championship and the 2010 and 2011 AT&T National. Merion Golf Club has hosted five U.S. Opens, most recently in 2013. The Philadelphia PGA Championship and the Philadelphia Open Championship are both hosted in the Philadelphia area. Golfers from the Philadelphia area include Jim Furyk, Dorothy Germain Porter, Jay Sigel, and John McDermott.

Tennis is also a popular sport in Philadelphia. The Philadelphia Freedoms have been a member of World TeamTennis since 2001. The Advanta Championships of Philadelphia were held in Philadelphia from 1971–2005, while the Pennsylvania Lawn Tennis Championship was held in Haverford from 1894–1974; it was briefly part of the Grand Prix tennis circuit. Tennis players from the Philadelphia area include Dick Williams, Bill Tilden, Ora Washington, and Vic Seixas. Tilden was the first American to win The Championships, Wimbledon and was one of the most prominent sports figures of the first half of the 20th century.^[79]

Rower John B. Kelly Sr., winner of three Olympic Gold Medals

Willie Mosconi, a Philadelphia native, won the World Straight Pool Championship fifteen consecutive times. Mosconi is considered one of the greatest pool players in the history of the game.^[80]

The Philadelphia Skating Club and Humane Society is the oldest figure skating club in the United States, and was one of the clubs that founded U.S. Figure Skating.

Olympics

Philadelphia bid to host the 1920, 1948, 1952 and 1956 Summer Olympics but lost to Antwerp, London, Helsinki and Melbourne respectively. As part of the 1980 Summer Olympics boycott, Philadelphia hosted the Liberty Bell Classic. Philadelphia has expressed interest in hosting other Olympic Games, including the 2024 Summer Olympics.^[81][82] Many Philadelphians have competed in the Olympics.

High-school and youth sports

Many high school teams play in the Inter-Academic League, the Philadelphia Catholic League, and the Philadelphia Public League. In 2005, the Philadelphia Public League joined the Pennsylvania Interscholastic Athletic Association. In 2014, Mo'ne Davis was named the Associated Press Female Athlete of the Year for her performance in the 2014 Little League World Series as a member of the Taney Dragons.

People

Dawn Staley, basketball coach and WNBA All-Star

Paul Arizin, one of the 50 Greatest Players in NBA History

Numerous notable athletes were born, raised, or attended college in Philadelphia and the Delaware Valley. Basketball players from Philadelphia and the surrounding area include Dawn Staley, Debbie Black, Geoff Petrie, Kobe Bryant, Earl Monroe, Rasheed Wallace, Richard Hamilton, Kyle Lowry, and Elena Delle Donne. Football players from Philadelphia include Herb Adderley, Emlen Tunnell, John Cappelletti, Leroy Kelly, Marvin Harrison, Joe Klecko, Joe Flacco, Matt Ryan, Rich Gannon, and Eddie George. Baseball players from Philadelphia include Mike Trout, Goose Goslin, Roy Campanella, Mickey Vernon, Reggie Jackson, Fred Dunlap, Gertrude Dunn, and Mike Piazza. Hockey players from Philadelphia include Hobey Baker and Mike Richter. Soccer players from Philadelphia include Carli Lloyd, Bobby Convey, and Walter Bahr. Athletes from Philadelphia who played for professional Philadelphia teams include Wilt Chamberlain, Paul Arizin, Tom Gola, Guy Rodgers, Del Ennis, Bucko Kilroy, Johnny Callison, Herb Pennock, and Bucky Walters. Notable coaches from Philadelphia include Dodgers manager Tommy Lasorda, Yankees manager Joe McCarthy, long-time NBA coach Jack Ramsay, Connecticut women's basketball coach Geno Auriemma, Philadelphia University basketball coach Herb Magee, Mount St. Mary's coach Jim Phelan, La Salle basketball coach Speedy Morris, Wisconsin basketball coach Bo Ryan, and Temple basketball coach John Chaney.

Olympians from the Philadelphia area include gymnast Mohini Bhardwaj, swimmers Maddy Crippen, Brendan Hansen, David Berkoff, Joe Verdeur, Carl Robie, Ellie Daniel, and John Macionis, track and field athletes Carl Lewis, John Taylor, Jean Shiley, Barney Berlinger, Mel Sheppard, Ted Meredith, Horace Ashenfelter, Leroy Burrell, Kim Gallagher, Bill Toomey, Jon Drummond, Alvin Kraenzlein, and Mike Powell, rowers Paul Costello, John B. Kelly Sr., and John B. Kelly Jr., figure skater Tara Lipinski, diver Elizabeth Becker-Pinkston, and sailor Don Cohan.

Other prominent Philadelphia sports figures include Flyers owner Ed Snider, Philadelphia Warriors owner Eddie Gottlieb, Sixers director of statistical information Harvey Pollack, Philadelphia Athletics owner Connie Mack, former NFL commissioner Bert Bell, former Phillies general manager Pat Gillick, former Phillies managers Larry Bowa, Charlie Manuel, and Dallas Green, former Flyers coach Fred Shero, former Sixers coaches Alex Hannum and Billy Cunningham, and former Eagles head coaches Andy Reid, Greasy Neale, and Dick Vermeil. Since 2004, many of the most accomplished Philadelphia athletes and sports figures have been inducted into the Philadelphia Sports Hall of Fame.

Sports media

Sylvester Stallone as Rocky Balboa

As of 2013, Philadelphia has the fourth largest media market in the United States, with almost three million television homes.^[83] Comcast SportsNet Philadelphia is a cable television channel that covers Philadelphia and Delaware Valley sports. It carries most Sixers and Flyers games, along with numerous college sports events. Sister channel The Comcast Network carries games when more than one team is playing at the same time. Comcast Sportsnet also carries most Phillies games, although some are carried by WPHL-TV.^[84] All three teams occasionally appear on national television. The Eagles usually play on WTXF-TV Fox, although games can also appear on CBS, NBC, ESPN, and the NFL Network. Philadelphia also has the sports radio station WTEL, as well as numerous other sports radio broadcasts.

Prominent members of the sports media (past and present) include Richie Ashburn (who also played for the Phillies), Gene Hart, Harry Kalas, Merrill Reese, Jack Whitaker, Bill Campbell, Ray Didinger, Phil Jasner, Bill Conlin, Michael Barkann, Angelo Cataldi, and Howard Eskin. The Philadelphia Sports Writers Association presents annual awards.

Several films have depicted sports in Philadelphia. Most prominently, the Rocky film franchise follows the boxing career of Rocky Balboa. The film Invicible was based on Vince Papale's career as a player on the Philadelphia Eagles. The Garbage Picking Field Goal Kicking Philadelphia Phenomenon starred Tony Danza as the kicker of the Philadelphia Eagles. Broad Street Bullies is a documentary that chronicles the early history of the Philadelphia Flyers. The film Pride follows swim coach Jim Ellis in 1970s Philadelphia. The Mighty Macs depicts the 1970s Immaculata College women's basketball team. The main character of the film Silver Linings Playbook is an Eagles fan who closely follows the 2008 Eagles season throughout the film.

See also

• Philadelphia Sports Hall of Fame

References

1. The Best Philadelphia Sports Arguments: The 100 Most Controversial, Debatable Questions for Die-Hard Fans. October 1, 2008.
2. "http://www.philly.com/philly/blogs/dneagles/Eagles-Phillies-top-GQ-list-of-Worst-Fans-in-America.html". External link in |title= (help);
3. Stewart is the Union's Sporting Director.
4. Warren, Ken (June 2, 2010). "Two cities that could use a CUP". Ottawa Citizen. p. B3.
5. Fitzpatrick, Frank (May 26, 2010). "Uniquely Successful; In this decade, all 4 pro teams reached finals". Philadelphia Inquirer. p. C1. Among those cities with teams in the four major sports (not including metropolitan regions), only Philadelphia has reached championship rounds in all four in the new millennium.
6. Gelston, Dan (May 24, 2010). "Flyers Headed to the Stanley Cup Finals". NBCPhiladelphia.com.
7. Smallwood, John (21 January 2009). "John Smallwood: Philadelphia sports and the curse of the inauguration". Philly.com. Retrieved 7 November 2014. (Note that the Phillies also lost in 2009)
8. "Four for One". Philadelphia Daily News. September 28, 2010. p. 66.
9. McGarry, Michael (September 18, 2011). "Phillies go 5-for-5: Ibanez hits grand slam to help clinch fifth straight NL East title". pressofAtlanticCity.com. Retrieved 2011-10-06.
10. "History: Phillies Timeline (1800s)". Philadelphia Phillies. Retrieved 2010-07-11.
11. Longman, Jere (12 June 2007). "Milestone Marks What Phillies Fans Already Knew". New York Times. Retrieved 5 November 2014.
12. "Philadelphia Phillies Team History & Encyclopedia". Sports Reference. Retrieved 8 April 2016.
13. Events of Saturday, April 22, 1876. Retrosheet. Retrieved 2011-09-30.
14. Noble, Marty (September 23, 2011). "MLB carries on strong, 200,000 games later: Look what they started on a ballfield in Philadelphia in 1876". MLB.com. Retrieved 2011-09-30. [B]aseball is about to celebrate its 200,000th game — [in the division series on] Saturday [October 1, 2011] ....
15. Westcott, Rich. "The Early Years of Philadelphia Baseball". SABR. Retrieved 7 November 2014.
16. "Philadelphia Eagles Franchise Encyclopedia". Pro-Football-Reference. Sports Reference. Retrieved 8 April 2016.
17. Kashatus, William (21 December 2000). "Before The Iggles. . . The Yella Jackets Ruled". Philly.com. Retrieved 5 November 2014.
18. "Willie Wood named coach of the Bell". Bangor Daily News. Maine. Associated Press. July 30, 1975. p. 22.
19. "NBA Franchises". Basketball Reference. Retrieved 5 November 2014.
20. "Philadelphia 76ers Franchise Index". Basketball-Reference. Sports Reference. Retrieved 8 April 2016.
21. "Old Flyers know what makes a streak". ESPN. February 27, 2013. Retrieved March 7, 2013.
22. "Philadelphia Flyers Franchise Index". Hockey-Reference. Sports Reference. Retrieved 8 April 2016.
23. "Team Index". Hockey-Reference. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved April 4, 2016.
24. Jackson, Jim. Walking Together Forever: The Broad Street Bullies, Then and Now. Sports Publishing L.L.C. pp. 1–3.
25. Fischler, Stan (13 October 2015). The Handy Hockey Answer Book. Visible Ink Press. p. 61. Retrieved 11 April 2016.
26. AP (20 November 1973). "Blades move to Jersey; Howell is new coach". Bangor Daily News. Retrieved 9 April 2016.
27. Radzievich, Nicole (11 June 2014). "Bethlehem Steel's storied past in soccer". The Morning Call. Retrieved 10 November 2014.
28. Phillips, Brian (9 June 2010). "The Secret History of American Soccer". Slate. Retrieved 9 April 2016.
29. Alexander, Derek (13 May 2012). "Scots goal machine has world record smashed by Barcelona's Lionel Messi". Daily Record and Sunday Mail. Retrieved 9 April 2016.
30. ""Jersey Week: Union pay homage to Bethlehem Steel with retro 3rd shirt" at MLS official website, 26 February 2013". Mlssoccer.com. February 26, 2013. Retrieved June 7, 2013.
31. The Warriors won the 1947 BAA Finals. The NBA traces its lineage through its predecessor, the BAA, which was founded in 1946. The BAA merged with the NBL to form the NBA 1949.
32. Kram, Mark (May 6, 2010). "Fans pick 2008 World Series as top Philadelphia sports moment". Philadelphia Daily News.
33. Giratikanon, Tom (24 April 2014). "Up Close on Baseball's Borders". New York Times. Retrieved 13 November 2014.
34. Giratikanon, Tom (19 October 2014). "Which Team Do You Cheer For? An N.B.A. Fan Map". New York Times. Retrieved 13 November 2014.
35. Meyer, Robinson (5 September 2014). "The Geography of NFL Fandom". The Atlantic. Retrieved 13 November 2014.
36. Mucha, Peter (January 5, 2001). "A City's Hopes Fly High on the Wings of Eagles". Philadelphia Inquirer. p. A1. New York teams—the Mets, Rangers, Giants and Knicks—rank among Philadelphia's most loathed rivals.
37. Cimini, Rich. "Jets: Oh-for-forever against Philly". ESPN.com. Retrieved 6 November 2014.
38. Moldovanyi, Rick (December 20, 2009). "Pittsburgh Penguins vs. Philadelphia Flyers: The Best Rivalry in the NHL Today?". The Hockey Writers.
39. Kimelman, Adam (7 March 2013). "Penguins-Flyers rivalry has peaked in the past year". NHL.com. Retrieved 8 November 2014.
40. "Philadelphia Eagles vs. Pittsburgh Steelers Results".
41. Shaughnessy, Dan (13 May 2010). "City rivalry is far from brotherly". Boston.com. Retrieved 11 November 2014.
42. "NBA: Most frequent playoff matchups". McCubed.net.
43. Goff, Steven (April 10, 2010). "D.C. United fosters a rivalry with expansion Philadelphia Union". The Washington Post. p. D2.
44. Mosley, Mike. "Eagles – Cowboys: A look at the rivalry". ESPN.
45. Kirsch, George (23 September 2014). "Blacks, Baseball and the Civil War". New York Times. Retrieved 7 November 2014.
46. "PHILLY SOCCER HISTORY - THE EARLY DAYS". Philadelphia Union. Retrieved 9 April 2016.
47. "Clement Beecroft: the father of league soccer in Philadelphia". The Philly Soccer Page. Retrieved 10 November 2014.
48. Giratikanon, Tom (3 October 2014). "N.C.A.A. Fan Map: How the Country Roots for College Football". New York Times. Retrieved 13 November 2014.
49. Carey, Jack (15 March 2010). "Efficient '85 Villanova team mounted tourney's greatest upset". USA Today. Retrieved 7 November 2014.
50. Fitzpatrick, Frank (14 August 2011). "Philadelphia at home in Basketball Hall of Fame". Philly.com. Retrieved 11 November 2014.
51. Farnum, Andy (14 October 2014). "The one that started it all". NCAA.com. Retrieved 7 November 2014.
52. Gainline.us, 7s tournament points to resurgence of invitationals, Nov. 11, 2011, http://www.gainline.us/gainline/2011/11/7s-tournament-points-to-resurgence-of-invitationals.html
53. Bleacher Report, NBC to Broadcast Collegiate Sevens Rugby Championship, March 6, 2010, http://bleacherreport.com/articles/358141-nbc-to-broadcast-collegiate-sevens-championship
54. Bleacher Report, Rugby: NBC's Collegiate Sevens Championship Preview, June 3, 2010, http://bleacherreport.com/articles/400735-rugby-nbcs-collegiate-sevens-championship-preview
55. Rugby Mag, Fans Can Make Rugby Work on TV – NBC, May 1, 2012, http://www.rugbymag.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4390:fans-can-make-rugby-work-on-tv-nbc&catid=149:usa7s-crc&Itemid=392
56. The Times Herald, PPL Park to host college rugby championship through 2014, June 3, 2012, http://www.timesherald.com/article/20120603/SPORTS02/120609886/source-ppl-park-to-host-college-rugby-championship-through-2014
57. "Varsity Sports". Temple University. Retrieved 6 November 2014.
58. Douglas, John (27 September 2004). "A century of college soccer". NCAA. Retrieved 11 April 2016.
59. http://www.amnrl.com/teams/aston-bulls
60. Eastern Pennsylvania Rugby Union, February 16, 2013, http://www.epru.org/teams-and-players/club-women
61. Cricinfo - Philadelphia
62. "The king of swing". Guardian. 8 August 2000. Retrieved 10 November 2014.
63. Das, Deb (7 April 2005). "Cricinfo – Pennsylvania's hidden secret". Cricinfo. Retrieved 2007-02-14.
64. http://pennjerseyrollerderby.com/
65. http://phillyist.com/2009/03/19/why_you_should_love_the_philly_roll.php
66. http://www.derbynewsnetwork.com/2010/02/exclusive_east_coast_derby_extravaganza_team_lottery
67. http://www.phillyrollerderby.com/ece
68. McGlinchey, Thomas (10 June 2011). "The story of the Gaelic Games in Philadelphia". Montgomery Media. Retrieved 5 December 2014.
69. Mulvaney, Kieran (12 March 2013). "Putting Hopkins' longevity in perspective". ESPN. Retrieved 9 November 2014.
70. Bishop, Greg (2 June 2011). "At 46, Bernard Hopkins Keeps Surviving, His Way". New York Times. Retrieved 9 November 2014.
71. "When Muhammad Ali was a Philly Guy". Philly.com. Retrieved 11 November 2014.
72. Winfrey, Lee (25 May 1995). "Hard Knocks: Hbo Looks At The Life Of Sonny Liston". Philly.com. Retrieved 10 November 2014.
73. The Vintage Racer
74. USAToday article about race track opposition
75. Jensen, Mike (13 May 2010). "Afleet Alex got them famous and a little rich". Philly.com. Retrieved 9 November 2014.
76. "Overview: Pennsylvania Sports". Explore PA History.com. Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission. Retrieved 19 November 2014.
77. http://articles.philly.com/1992-05-04/sports/26015067_1_lil-e-tee-s-lil-e-tee-cal-partee
78. "Top 10 Men's Tennis Players of All Time". Sports Illustrated. Retrieved September 23, 2010.
79. Crouse, Karen (30 August 2009). "Bill Tilden: A Tennis Star Defeated Only by Himself". New York Times. Retrieved 11 April 2016.
80. Dyer, R.A. "The Mosconi-Greenleaf Question". Billiards.com. Retrieved 10 November 2014.
81. Warner, Bob. "Philadelphia voices interest in the 2024 Olympics". Philly.com. Retrieved 22 April 2013.
82. "Nutter: Philly won't bid on 2024 summer Olympics after all". philly.com. Retrieved May 28, 2014.
83. "Local Television Market Universe Estimates" (PDF). Nielsen. Retrieved 6 November 2014.
84. Fernandez, Bob (27 March 2014). "Blackout warning as Comcast sports network pitches a surcharge". Philly.com. Retrieved 5 November 2014.

Further reading

• Philadelphia Sports Hall of Fame Roll Call of Champions
• Westcott, Rich (March 21, 2001). A Century of Philadelphia Sports. Temple University Press. ISBN 1566398614.
• Kearney, Andrew J. (November 30, 2010). "Heartbreak City: The 25 Greatest Letdowns in Philadelphia Sports History". Bleacher Report. Retrieved 2010-12-03.
• Kepner, Tyler (7 October 2010). "Was Halladay's Gem The Greatest Philly Sports Moment Ever? Mike Schmidt Says So". New York Times. Retrieved 9 November 2014.
• Fitzpatrick, Frank (8 October 2010). "Was no-hitter Philly's top sports moment? No, but it ranks high". Philly.com. Retrieved 9 November 2014.