Stockwell tube station

Stockwell
The station entrance
Stockwell Location of Stockwell in Greater London
Location	Stockwell
Local authority	Lambeth
Managed by	London Underground
Owner	London Underground
Number of platforms	4
Fare zone	2
London Underground annual entry and exit
2012	8.87 million[1]
2013	9.42 million[1]
2014	10.52 million[1]
2015	11.08 million[1]
Key dates
1890	Opened (C&SLR, as a terminus)
1900	Became through station
29 November 1923	station closed for rebuilding
1 December 1924	station reopened
1971	Opened (Victoria line)
Other information
Lists of stations	DLR Underground National Rail Tramlink
WGS84	51°28′21″N 0°07′19″W / 51.4725°N 0.122°WCoordinates: 51°28′21″N 0°07′19″W / 51.4725°N 0.122°W
London Transport portal

Stockwell is a London Underground station in Stockwell in the London Borough of Lambeth. It is located on the Northern line between Oval and Clapham North stations, and on the Victoria line between Brixton and Vauxhall stations.^[2] It is in Travelcard Zone 2.^[2]

History

Original station

Stockwell station was ceremonially opened on 4 November 1890 by the Prince of Wales (later King Edward VII), as the most southerly station on the City & South London Railway (C&SLR) – London's first deep-level tube railway. Passenger services began just over one month later on 18 December 1890.

The station was built with a single island platform with tracks on either side, an arrangement rarely used underground on the network, but which exists today at Clapham North and Clapham Common. Stockwell's original platform was further north than the new ones, and trains pass them today. The other terminus of the C&SLR line was King William Street in the City of London. In 1900, when an extension to Clapham Common was opened, Stockwell ceased to be a terminus. A flight of stairs at the south end of the platform was also added to take passengers to a subway that passed over the new northbound tunnel and joined the lift shaft at a higher level.

The original building, designed by T. P. Figgis, was similar to – but larger than – the existing surface building at Kennington with a domed roof to the original lift shaft. The two lifts each carried 50 people to and from the platforms until their replacement by escalators in the mid-1920s. The station was modernised in advance of the 1926 extension from Clapham Common to Morden (Morden Extension). A new surface building was constructed on the original site. The original station platforms were closed on 29 November 1923 and platforms sited to the north of the original were opened on 1 December 1924. At the same time the platforms were rebuilt to a larger diameter – and with a single platform in each tunnel – south of the original station tunnel.

New station

With the opening of the Victoria line on 23 July 1971, parallel cross-platform interchanges were provided between the two lines in both directions and the 1920s surface buildings were replaced by a modern structure. A British Transport Police station was later built above the station.

Nearby infrastructure

Deep-level air-raid shelter

One of the entrances to the Stockwell shelter, now decorated as a war memorial with input from pupils at a local school.

Stockwell is one of eight London Underground stations with an adjacent deep-level air-raid shelter, constructed during the Second World War. The shelter is below the current station, and comprises two parallel tunnels, each approximately six times the length of the current platform. These tunnels are 16 feet 6 inches (5.03 m) in diameter (wider than the current platforms), split horizontally into upper and lower levels, with various connecting and branch tunnels used for medical posts, lavatories, and ventilation.

The total capacity of the shelter was around 1,600 people. Access was via the station as well as two further entrance shafts containing spiral staircases, one of which is located at the middle of the junction of South Lambeth Road and Clapham Road, and the other on Studley Road. The shelter was completed in September 1942, and was used by the Government until 1944 when it was opened to the public. It was used for one year as a shelter. After the war it was used for a period to billet military personnel. Like a number of other deep level shelters, it is presently being used for secure archiving.

Branch tunnel and depot

Original layout of Stockwell station and depot

Just north of the station there is a branch tunnel which used to lead to a nearby generating station (closed 1915), depot and workshop located at the junction of Stockwell and Clapham Roads.^{[note 1]} The tunnel was very steep with an incline of 1:3.5, so rolling stock was originally pulled up to the surface using a wire rope and a winch. This system was replaced in 1907 by a hydraulic lift, which could carry one locomotive or one carriage.^[3]

During the 1920s, the line was closed for reconstruction and the depot was used as a working site for transporting spoil, equipment and works traffic in and out of the tunnels.^[4] The depot and lift were finally taken out of use at the end of 1924. The incline tunnel and the lift shaft were plugged on the surface and several blocks of flats were constructed on the old depot site by the LCC. These flats still stand (as of 2011), as does one retaining wall of the old depot.

The station today

The station has ticket halls, 3 escalators, 7 gates, 13 payphones, a Wifi service,^[5] 9 vending machines and a photo booth.^[6] The ticket hall has electronic departure boards.^[6] The ticket office was closed in early 2015 as part of the TfL investment programme.

Shooting of Jean Charles de Menezes

The mosaic of Jean Charles de Menezes outside Stockwell station

Shrine to Jean Charles de Menezes at Stockwell tube station

On 22 July 2005, Jean Charles de Menezes, a Brazilian electrician living in London, was shot dead by plainclothes police officers at Stockwell station. This incident came a day after the failed 21 July 2005 London bombings occurred on Tube trains and a bus in London; however, it later emerged that it was a case of mistaken identity on the part of the police and that Menezes had nothing to do with the attacks. In the immediate aftermath of the shooting a small shrine to de Menezes was created by mourners outside the station. This evolved into a permanent memorial mosaic which was unveiled on 7 January 2010 at the station. It was made by local artist, Mary Edwards, with the help of Menezes' cousin, Vivian Figueiredo, as well as Chrysoula Vardaxi.

Services and connections

Train frequencies vary throughout the day. However, Northern line trains generally operate every 4–6 minutes between 06:06 and 00:12 in both directions^[7][8] while Victoria line trains generally operate every 3–5 minutes between 06:02 and 00:20 in both directions.^[9][10]

The station is served by London Bus routes 2, 50, 88, 155, 196, 333, 345 and P5, and also by night routes N2 and N155.^[11] Additionally, bus routes 88 and 345 have a 24-hour service.^[11]

Notes and references

Notes

1. Greathead's plan presented to the Institution of Civil Engineers, shows the depot and generating station were on the east side of Clapham Road/Kennington Park Road, approximately where Stockwell Gardens is today.

References

1. "Multi-year station entry-and-exit figures" (XLS). London Underground station passenger usage data. Transport for London. April 2016. Retrieved 3 May 2016.
2. Transport for London (January 2016). Standard Tube Map (PDF) (Map). Not to scale. Transport for London. Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 January 2015.
3. Wolmar 2005, p. 134.
4. Connor 1999, p. 118.
5. Stockwell Underground Station
6. Stockwell Tube Station – Facilities
7. "Northern line timetable: From Stockwell Underground Station to Oval Underground Station". Transport for London. Retrieved 19 February 2015.
8. "Northern line timetable: From Stockwell Underground Station to Clapham North Underground Station". Transport for London. Retrieved 19 February 2015.
9. "Victoria line timetable: From Stockwell Underground Station to Vauxhall Underground Station". Transport for London. Retrieved 19 February 2015.
10. "Victoria line timetable: From Stockwell Underground Station to Brixton Underground Station". Transport for London. Retrieved 19 February 2015.
11. "Buses from Stockwell" (PDF). Transport for London. February 2011. Retrieved February 2015. Check date values in: |access-date= (help)

Bibliography

• Connor, J.E. (1999). London's Disused Underground Stations. Capital Transport. ISBN 1-85414-250-X.
• Wolmar, Christian (2005) [2004]. The Subterranean Railway: How the London Underground Was Built and How It Changed the City Forever. Atlantic Books. ISBN 1-84354-023-1.

External links

London Transport Museum Photographic Archive:

• Official opening of the original station, 1890
• Rebuilt station, 1924
• Victoria line rebuild, 1974