Swimming at the 1956 Summer Olympics – Women's 200 metre breaststroke

Women's 200 metre breaststroke at the Games of the XVI Olympiad
Venue	Swimming and Diving Stadium
Date	29 November (heats) 30 November (final)
Competitors	14 from 10 nations
Winning time	2:53.1 (OR)
Medalists
Ursula Happe   United Team of Germany   Éva Székely   Hungary   Eva-Maria ten Elsen   United Team of Germany

Swimming at the 1956 Summer Olympics
Freestyle
100 m	men		women
400 m	men		women
1500 m	men
Backstroke
100 m	men		women
Breaststroke
200 m	men		women
Butterfly
100 m			women
200 m	men
Freestyle relay
4×100 m			women
4×200 m	men

The women's 200 metre breaststroke event, included in the swimming competition at the 1956 Summer Olympics, took place on November 29–30, at the Swimming and Diving Stadium. In this event, swimmers covered four lengths of the 50-metre (160 ft) Olympic-sized pool employing the breaststroke. It was the seventh appearance of the event, which first appeared at the 1924 Summer Olympics in Paris. A total of 14 competitors from 10 nations participated in the event.^[1] This was a decrease from the 1952 Summer Olympics (33 competitors from 19 nations), because the breaststroke event was split into the 200m orthodox breaststroke and the 100m butterfly event.^[2][3]

Records

Prior to this competition, the existing world and Olympic records were:

World record	Ada den Haan (NED)	2:46.4 s	Naarden, Netherlands	13 November 1956
Olympic record	Éva Novák-Gerard (HUN)	2:54.0 s	Helsinki, Finland	26 July 1952

Hungarian Éva Székely originally held the Olympic record in the event after swimming a time of 2:51.7 four years ago.^[4] However Székely had used the butterfly stroke for her swim, which was now disallowed as a new 100 metre event had been introduced. Éva Novák-Gerard's time of 2:54.0 in 1952 at the same event was instead replaced as the current Olympic record.^[5]

The following records were established during the competition:

Date	Round	Name	Nationality	Time	OR	WR
November 30	Final	Ursula Happe	United Team of Germany	2:53.1	OR

Ursula Happe's Olympic record was set using a technique of swimming long distances underwater during her run. This technique would later be disallowed by FINA in the late 1950s to ensure the majority of the race was swum on the surface.^[6][7]

Results

Heats

Rank	Heat	Name	Nationality	Time	Notes
1	1	Happe, UrsulaUrsula Happe	United Team of Germany	2:54.1	Q
2	1	Killermann, KláraKlára Killermann	Hungary	2:54.6	Q
3	1	Gordon, ElenorElenor Gordon	Great Britain	2:55.4	Q
4	2	Székely, ÉvaÉva Székely	Hungary	2:55.8	Q
5	2	Jeričević, VinkaVinka Jeričević	Yugoslavia	2:56.0	Q
6	2	ten Elsen, Eva-MariaEva-Maria ten Elsen	United Team of Germany	2:57.5	Q
7	2	Gosden, ChristineChristine Gosden	Great Britain	2:58.2	Q
7	1	Sears, MaryMary Sears	United States	2:58.2	Q
9	2	Hansen, JytteJytte Hansen	Denmark	2:59.8
10	1	Goossens, ColetteColette Goossens	Belgium	3:00.5
11	2	Novák-Gerard, ÉvaÉva Novák-Gerard	Hungary	3:02.7
12	2	Evans, BarbaraBarbara Evans	Australia	3:03.6
13	1	Zennaro, ElenaElena Zennaro	Italy	3:05.2
14	1	Tobing, RiaRia Tobing	Indonesia	3:14.2

Finals

Rank	Name	Nationality	Time	Notes
	Happe, UrsulaUrsula Happe	United Team of Germany	2:53.1	OR[8]
	Székely, ÉvaÉva Székely	Hungary	2:54.8
	ten Elsen, Eva-MariaEva-Maria ten Elsen	United Team of Germany	2:55.1
4	Jeričević, VinkaVinka Jeričević	Yugoslavia	2:55.8
5	Killermann, KláraKlára Killermann	Hungary	2:56.1
6	Gordon, ElenorElenor Gordon	Great Britain	2:56.1
7	Sears, MaryMary Sears	United States	2:57.2
8	Gosden, ChristineChristine Gosden	Great Britain	2:59.2

Sources

• Edward A. Doyle, ed. (1956). "The Official Report of the Organising Committee for the Games of the XVI Olympiad Melbourne 1956" (PDF). Organising Committee for the Games of the XVI Melbourne. Retrieved 1 July 2012.
• Sulo Kolkka, ed. (1955). "The Official Report of the Organising Committee for the Games of the XV Olympiad Helsinki 1952" (PDF). Organising Committee for the Games of the XV Olympiad Helsinki. Retrieved 1 July 2012.
• "Swimming at the 1956 Melbourne Summer Games: Women's 200 metres Breaststroke". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference, LLC. Retrieved 1 July 2012.

References

1. "Swimming at the 1956 Melbourne Summer Games: Women's 200 metres Breaststroke". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference, LLC. Retrieved 1 July 2012.
2. "Swimming at the 1952 Helsinki Summer Games: Women's 200 metres Breaststroke". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference, LLC. Retrieved 1 July 2012.
3. Doyle, p. 77.
4. Kolkka, p. 591.
5. Doyle, p. 588.
6. Maglischo, Ernest W. "Breaststroke". Swimming Fastest. Human Kinetics. p. 219. ISBN 0736031804.
7. Mallon, Bill (1988). "Olympic Records by Sport; Summer Sports". The Olympic Record Book. Garland Publishing. p. 240. ISBN 0824029488.
8. Doyle, p. 614.