Tanat Valley Light Railway

Tanat Valley Light Railway
Heritage locomotive no 1827 on the TVLR at Nantmawr.
Commercial operations
Original gauge	1,435 mm (4 ft 8 ^1⁄2 in)
Preserved operations
Length	^1⁄3 mile (0.536 km)
Preserved gauge	1,435 mm (4 ft 8 ^1⁄2 in)
Commercial history
Opened	1903/1904
Closed	1952 Passenger 1964 Freight
Preservation history
2009	Re-opened

Tanat Valley Light Railway & Llanfyllin Branch
Legend
Great Western Rly to Gobowen Oswestry, Ellesmere & Whitchurch Rly to Whitchurch Oswestry Weston Wharf Llynclys Junction Llynclys Porth-y-waen branch Pant (Salop) Porth-wd Ellesmere Canal Rock Siding Shropshire & Montgomeryshire Rly to Shrewsbury Abbey Llanymynech Nantmawr Branch Hoffman Kilns Carreghofa Halt Llanymynech Junction Tanat Valley Light Rly Oswestry and Newtown Railway to Welshpool Llanblodwel Halt Llanfyllin Branch Glanyrafon Halt Llansantffraid Llansilin Road Llanfechain Llangedwyn Halt Bryngwyn Halt Pentrefelin Halt Llanfyllin Llanrhaiadr Mochnant Ellesmere Canal Pedair-Ffordd Halt Pentybontfawr Llangynog

The Tanat Valley Light Railway (TVLR) was a 15-mile (24 km) long standard gauge light railway. It ran westwards from Llanyblodwel in Shropshire, about 5 miles or 8 km south-west of Oswestry. It crossed the Wales–England border and continued up the Tanat valley, terminating at Llangynog in Powys. It opened in 1904, providing access to a fairly remote area, and transport facilities for slate production and agriculture.

Its promoters were unable to raise the capital to construct the line, but a number of government grants and considerable generosity by the Cambrian Railways company enabled the building of the line. The company was always in debt and in 1921 was obliged to sell the line to the Cambrian Railways.

Rural passenger use collapsed and the railway closed to passengers in 1951, and completely in 1964.^[1]

A new Tanat Valley Light Railway Company was established, and in 2009 opened a heritage railway centre at Nantmawr, close to the earlier Tanat Valley line.^[2][3]

History

Proposals

The Tanat Valley Light Railway system

There were many populous villages in the area between the Great Western Railway route through Llangollen, to the north and the Cambrian Railways line through Welshpool to the south. The Berwyn and Aran mountains (with steep gradients and sparse population) together formed a barrier for a through railway line westwards towards the coast. Slate quarrying and agriculture were the area's dominant industries, and both suffered in the mid 19th century from transport difficulties.

Several schemes were put forward over the years, but they failed due to lack of interest from subscribers. One ambitious scheme was to extend the West Midland Railway through the region, passing through Montgomery and Bala, penetrating the Berwyns by a long tunnel. If this scheme had been successful, it would perhaps have given the Great Western Railway a trunk line to Holyhead; as it was, the Chester and Holyhead Railway was adopted instead.

In 1866 the Potteries, Shrewsbury and North Wales Railway opened from Shrewsbury to the quarries and Nantmawr. That railway was intended to continue through the Tanat Valley to Porthmadog, but it failed to raise the necessary capital.^[4] In 1882 an Oswestry and Llangynog Railway had been authorised by Act of Parliament, but it failed to raise the necessary capital and was formally abandoned in 1889.^[5]

A definite scheme

The Light Railways Act was passed in 1896 to enable the construction of low-cost railways. This encouraged renewed consideration of a railway in the Tanat Valley, and two alternative schemes were developed. One was for a narrow gauge line from the Llanfyllin terminus of the Cambrian Railways branch. The other was for a standard gauge line from Porthywaen, four miles south of Oswestry. After deliberation, the latter was adopted.^[6]

The Cambrian Railways agreed to work the line for 60% of gross receipts, and a Treasury grant of £22,000 was agreed, as well as an interest-free loan of £6,000. Financial assistance was also made available from local councils; the share capital of the Company was £15,000.

The General Manager of the Cambrian Railways, Mr C. S. Denniss, estimated the capital cost of the line at £46,000. Receipts would be £2,950 per annum. After interest and fixed charges, this would enable a dividend of 4% to be paid. "The margin is admittedly small". The same newspaper report asserted different figures provided by the Town Clerk of Oswestry, Mr J. Parry-Jones. The total capital of the Company was to be £65,500. Local authorities had promised £18,500 in loans or share subscriptions; £18,000 had been promised as a free grant (though with conditions) by the Treasury; £20,000 had been promised by the Trustees of the Llangedwyn Estate, probably as a share subscription; £1,500 in shares by the Earl of Powis, and about £4,000 by other local investors. "The company's borrowing powers are £12,000, so that towards the £65,500 capital required, they are sure of over £55,900."^[7] On this extremely shaky basis the company was founded.

The Light Railway Order was granted on 12 September 1899,^[1] although modifying Orders were needed in 1904 and 1908 to assist in raising capital.

J. Strachan of Cardiff was selected as the contractor: he had been the contractor for the construction of the Welshpool and Llanfair Light Railway. The first sod was cut at Porthywaen on 12 September 1899 by the Countess of Powis,^[4] but construction did not start until July 1901.^[1] During the construction period, Strachan arranged to convey passengers free of charge on market days over part of the line. Some goods traffic probably also passed at this time. Contemporary travellers reported:

"The little six-wheeled engine ... was spinning along a quite a rate, considering its small wheel diameter; the carriage was a four-wheeled one, painted a dull red, and probably used at other times to convey the navvies to and from their work."^[4]

The line was inspected by the Board of Trade Inspecting Officer on 21 December 1903;^[5] the line was formally opened on 5 January 1904, and the public passenger service started the following day.^[1][4]

When in 1906 Tyer and Company claimed £2,480 for signalling and lighting equipment supplied for the line, the Tanat Valley Company claimed that they had only ordered the apparatus "on behalf of the Cambrian Railways".^[8]

Description of the line

Perkins and Fox-Davies described the line in 1905.

Llanrhaiadr Mochnant station, with a railway enthusiasts' special train in 1958

The passenger trains ran from Oswestry, southwards over the Cambrian Railways line as far as Llynclys, then turning west on the Cambrian Railways Porthywaen branch, leaving that at Porthywaen passenger station, a very small building, and now entering on the Tanat Valley line itself. The track was of much lighter construction now, consisting of Vignoles pattern (flat-bottom) rails dogged direct to the sleepers. The Nantmawr branch of the Cambrian Railways converged from the north. The first TVR station was Blodwel Junction, a single platform station. Blodwel station had been opened in 1866, the terminus of the Potteries line, and known then as Llanyblodwel, part of the mineral branch crossing the path of the TVR. A road crosses the railway by a bridge at Blodwel; this is the only place where there is a bridge crossing of a road.^{[note 1]}

The next station stop was at Llanyblodwel; a short distance after the station the train stopped for the engine to take water. Glanyrafon was next geographically, but was not yet open when Perkins and Fox-Davies visited, and it was no referred to by them. This section was followed by a crossing into Wales, climbing at 1 in 64. Llansilin Road is the next station, serving Penybont. Llangedwyn station is next, where there was provision for crossing trains on the single line, followed by the small station of Pentrefelin, and then Llanrhaiadr Mochnant, also built as a passing station. A reservoir for Liverpool Corporation Waterworks was built at a location five miles away, and the railway was used for importing some construction materials. The line continues, calling at Pedair Ffordd and terminates at Llangynog. The journey time from Oswestry was 70 to 75 minutes.

The gradients on the line generally rose to Llangynog. It fell with a short section at 1 in 72 to Blodwel Junction, and then rose with a half mile at 1 in 64 but generally more moderate gradients all the way to the terminus. Porthywaen was at 132 feet above Ordnance Datum and Llangynog at 320 feet.^[4]

Operations

Baughan says that passenger carriages ran with the mineral trains from 1904, but this ended on the first day of 1917.^[1] Mineral revenue was about twenty times the value of passenger receipts, and the latter declined further in the 1920s and 1930s as reliable road transport was developed.

Glanyrafon station opened soon after the opening of the line.^{[note 2][9]}

The passenger train service in 1922 consisted of three trains each way between Oswestry and Llangynog, with an extra train on the first Wednesday of the month. The Glanyrafon stop was by request only.^[10]

In July 1938 the service was more complicated: successive trains ran from Oswestry to Llangynog respectively on Wednesdays; daily except Wednesday and Sunday; Monday, Tuesday and Friday; Wednesday Thursday and Saturday; daily except Saturday and Sunday; on Saturday only; and on the first Wednesday of every month, but also on 30 July. The return service was a little simpler, running respectively on Wednesday; weekdays only; weekdays only; Monday to Friday; and Saturdays only. By this time the Glanyrafon stop had become definite.^[11]

While railways had an inherent advantage in transporting heavy minerals, the line's viability was dependent on the commercial success of local quarries, and when this declined the finances of the line became irretrievable.^[1]

Absorbed by the Cambrian Railways

Opening its line in 1904, the Tanat Valley Light Railway Company was in the hands of the receiver continuously from that year.,^[6][12] as its income did not enable it to pay the interest on loans. The Cambrian Railways subsidised it, but by 1921 it was obvious that improvements to the track and bridges were required, and this was beyond the financial resources of the bankrupt company. Takeover by the Cambrian was the only way out, and this was authorised by Order of the Light Railway Commissioners.^[13]

The Cambrian Railways were themselves taken over by the Great Western Railway the following year.

Closure

Passenger services were discontinued on 15 January 1951. The line west of Llanrhaiadr was closed completely in July 1952, a residual goods service continuing as far as that point for the time being. The line closed completely in December 1960.^[1]

Station list

Opened 6 January 1904; closed 15 January 1951;

• Porthywaen; Cambrian Railways station;
• Blodwell Junction;
• Llanyblodwell;
• Glanyrafon;
• Llansilin Road;
• Llangedwyn;
• Pentrefelin;
• Llanrhaiadr Mochnant;
• Pedair Ffordd;
• Penybontfawr;
• Llangynog.

Heritage railway

Trains

A new Tanat Valley Light Railway Company (TVLR) is based by the former lime kilns in Nantmawr, on the old Cambrian Railways branch. The TVLR plans to operate trains from Nantmawr to Llanddu by Blodwell Quarry. The TVLR operated its first trains over a ¹⁄₃ mile (0.54 km) section of the track in November 2009.

Stock List

• Diesel multiple unit vehicles^[14]
  • 51993 Class 107 DMBS
  • 52005 Class 107 DMBS
  • 52012 Class 107 DMCL
  • 52031 Class 107 DMCL
  • 59791 Class 107 TSL

Nant Mawr visitor centre

The Nant Mawr visitor centre includes a nature trail, various picnic spots and a small museum.^[15]

Notes

1. The Welsh spelling Blodwel is taken from the account of Perkins and Fox-Davies; however the official station names used in Bradshaw timetables anglicised this to Blodwell and Llanyblodwell.
2. According to Baughan. Cobb gives 1928 as the date of opening, but this must be wrong as the stop appears in the 1922 Bradshaw.

References

1. Peter E. Baughan, A Regional History of the Railways of Great Britain: Volume 11: North and Mid Wales, David & Charles, Newton Abbot, 1980, ISBN 0-7153-7850-3
2. "Tanat Valley Light Railway". Nant Mawr Visitor Centre. 2013-08-13. Retrieved 2013-09-02.
3. "Nant Mawr Lime Kilns". Nant Mawr Visitor Centre. 2013-08-13. Retrieved 2013-09-02.
4. T. R. Perkins and F. E. Fox-Davies, The Tanat Valley Light Railway, in the Railway Magazine, May 1904
5. E. F. Carter, An Historical Geography of the Railways of the British Isles, Cassell, London, 1959
6. C. P. Gasquoine, The Story of the Cambrian: Biography of a Railway, Woodhall, Minshall, Thomas and Co., Oswestry, 1922
7. Wrexham Advertiser: 16 September 1899
8. Lancashire Evening Post, 8 February 1906
9. Col. M. H. Cobb, The Railways of Great Britain—A Historical Atlas, Ian Allan Publishing Limited, Shepperton, 2003, ISBN 07110 3003 0
10. Bradshaw's July 1922 Railway Guide, Guild Publishing, London, 1985
11. Bradshaws July 1938 Railway Guide, David and Charles Reprints, Newton Abbot, 1969, 0 7153 4686 5
12. Preamble to the Cambrian Railways (Tanat Valley Light Railway Transfer) Order, 1921
13. Cambrian Railways (Tanat Valley Light Railway Transfer) Order, 1921
14. "Tanat Valley Railway". The Railcar Association. Retrieved 6 May 2012.
15. "Nant Mawr Visitor Centre". Nant Mawr Visitor Centre. 2013-08-13. Retrieved 2013-09-02.

Further reading

• Wilfred J. Wren, The Tanat Valley Railway, Oakwood Press, Blandford, 1979, ISBN 978-0853612506
• Mike E. M. Lloyd, The Tanat Valley Light Railway, Wild Swan Publications, Didcot, 1990, ISBN 978-0906867921
• Wilfred J. Wren, The Tanat Valley: Its Railways and Industrial Archaeology, David & Charles, Newton Abbot, 1968, ISBN 978-0715342596
• Vic Mitchell and Keith Smith, Branch Lines Around Oswestry: Gobowen, Tanat Valley, Llanfyllin and Welshpool, Middleton Press, Midhurst, 2009, ISBN 978-1906008604

External links

• Nant Mawr Visitor Centre website)
• RAILSCOT on Tanat Valley Railway
• Osrail – Oswestry railway news.