The ascidian mitochondrial code

The ascidian mitochondrial code (translation table 13) is a genetic code found in the mitochondria of Ascidia.

Code

   AAs = FFLLSSSSYY**CCWWLLLLPPPPHHQQRRRRIIMMTTTTNNKKSSGGVVVVAAAADDEEGGGG

Starts = ---M------------------------------MM---------------M------------

 Base1 = TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG

 Base2 = TTTTCCCCAAAAGGGGTTTTCCCCAAAAGGGGTTTTCCCCAAAAGGGGTTTTCCCCAAAAGGGG

 Base3 = TCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAG

Bases: adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G) and thymine (T) or uracil (U).

Amino acids: Alanine (Ala, A), Arginine (Arg, R), Asparagine (Asn, N), Aspartic acid (Asp, D), Cysteine (Cys, C), Glutamic acid (Glu, E), Glutamine (Gln, Q), Glycine (Gly, G), Histidine (His, H), Isoleucine (Ile, I), Leucine (Leu, L), Lysine (Lys, K), Methionine (Met, M), Phenylalanine (Phe, F), Proline (Pro, P), Serine (Ser, S), Threonine (Thr, T), Tryptophan (Trp, W), Tyrosine (Tyr, Y), Valine (Val, V)

Differences from the standard code

Differences from the standard code:

	Code 13	Standard
AGA	Gly	Arg
AGG	Gly	Arg
AUA	Met	Ile
UGA	Trp	Ter

Systematic range and comments

There is evidence from a phylogenetically diverse sample of tunicates (Urochordata) that AGA and AGG code for glycine. In other organisms, AGA/AGG code for either arginine or serine and in vertebrate mitochondria they code a STOP. Evidence for glycine translation of AGA/AGG has been found in Pyura stolonifera^{[1][2][3][4][5]}

Alternative initiation codons

• ATA, GTG and TTG (Yokobori et al. 1999).
• ATT is the start codon for the CytB gene in Halocynthia roretzi (Gissi and Pesole, 2003).

See also

• List of genetic codes

References

• This article contains public domain text from the NCBI page compiled by Andrzej (Anjay) Elzanowski and Jim Ostell.^[6]

1. Durrheim; et al., Halocynthia roretzi, PMID 8393993
2. Kondow; et al. (1999). "An extra tRNAGly(U*CU) found in ascidian mitochondria responsible for decoding non-universal codons AGA/AGG as glycine.". Nucleic Acids Res. 27: 2554–9. doi:10.1093/nar/27.12.2554. PMC 148460. PMID 10352185.
3. Yokobori; et al. (1993). "Codons AGA and AGG are read as glycine in ascidian mitochondria". J. Mol. Evol. 36: 1–8. doi:10.1007/bf02407301. PMID 8381878.
4. Yokobori; et al. (1999). "Ciona savignyi". J. Mol. Evol. 57: 574–87. doi:10.1007/s00239-003-2511-9. PMID 14738316.
5. Yokobori; et al. (2003). "Halocynthia roretzi". Genetics. 153: 1851–62. PMC 1460873. PMID 10581290.
6. The Genetic Codes

External links