Tjörnin

Not to be confused with Tjörn.
Tjörnin

Tjörnin (the Pond) in Reykjavík
Location Reykjavík
Coordinates 64°08′40″N 21°56′33″W / 64.14444°N 21.94250°W / 64.14444; -21.94250Coordinates: 64°08′40″N 21°56′33″W / 64.14444°N 21.94250°W / 64.14444; -21.94250
Basin countries Iceland
Surface elevation about 16 m

Tjörnin (Icelandic pronunciation: [ˈtʰjœ(r)tnɪn], The Pond) is a prominent small lake in central Reykjavík, the capital of Iceland. Most visitors to the city pass along its shore, as it is situated in the city centre next to the Reykjavik City Hall and several museums. Tjörnin means "the lake" or "the pond". Tarn, meaning "mountain lake", is a northern English dialect word derived from the Norse word tjörn and its genitive/plural tjarnar.[1] Bird feeding on the lake shore, a popular pastime, has led to the lake being called "the biggest bread soup in the world" (stærsta brauðsúpa í heimi). Tjörnin was the setting for scenes in the 2010 Icelandic movie Gauragangur.[2]

Geography

Tjörnin as seen from Hallgrímskirkja

Tjörnin is described as a lagoon next to a barrier beach.[3] The lake’s formation is attributed to the lagoon which was part of a reef that existed at the present location of Hafnarstræti (a city street, "Harbour Street").[1] This street, which passes through the business section of the city, lies on the southern side of the lake and leads to the gardens.[1] The Vatnsmýri marsh feeds the lake.[4] The outflow from the lake is Lækurinn, previously an open water channel flowing through the city centre, but since 1911 part of the sewage system under Lækjargata.[5] During the winter, the lake usually freezes periodically and is used for ice skating.[6] Both banks of the lake are paved and terminate at the Hljómskálagarður (formally known as Tjarnargarður), a well-tended park decorated with statues to the south of the lake. The winding paths are frequented by joggers and cyclists. Notice boards along the shore give daily reports of the numbers of birds on the lake.[1]

Avifauna

Common eider on the lake
Water birds during winter in a frost free area.

The lake is frequented by between 40 and 50 species of water birds, including the Arctic tern, the Eider, the Gadwall, the Greylag goose and other species of goose, the Mallard, several species of seagulls, and the scaup.[7][8] Whooper swan are viewable within close proximity.[9] The Arctic tern’s arrival heralds the start of summer.[10] Birders from all over the North Atlantic come to pursue their hobby in the lake area. The lake is also a favorite place to take young children to watch and feed birds.[6] The popularity of bird feeding has led to the lake being poetically referred to as "the biggest bread soup in the world" (stærsta brauðsúpa í heimi).[11] Lately, however, preying seagulls have caused the City Council to issue warnings to residents, asking them to refrain from feeding the ducks in Tjörnin to avoid putting ducklings at risk.[12]

Cityscape

City hall at the edge of the lake
Fríkirkjan í Reykjavík church

The earliest urban development of Reykjavík took place between the lake and the northern coast of the peninsula. Over the years, the lake became an integral part of the urban environment. Development of the city has centered around the lake. The postmodern City Hall, Ráðhúsið, stands in the northwest corner on the edge of the lake: it looks as if it is rising out of the lake.[13] Other notable buildings in the area are those of the Supreme Court, Reykjavík Art Museum, the National Museum, the Living Art Museum, Reykjavík City Library, and the National Theatre, as well as the Parliament building, which houses the Parliament of Iceland, and the Dómkirkja cathedral,[14] apart from a shopping complex and restaurants.[15] Several buildings belonging to the University of Iceland are also close by.[16]

Reykjavík airport is situated immediately south of the lake, on the other side of the Hringbraut thoroughfare.

A wooden pedestrian bridge was built over Tjörnin in 1920. To accommodate motorized traffic, the original construction was replaced in 1942 by a concrete bridge which is still in use.[17]

Conservation

Vatnsmýrin Reserve, the protected area around Tjörnin, has deteriorated in recent years as evidenced by a drop in the variety of reported birds. Part of the issue is attributed to the lack of appropriate nesting grounds due to invasive flora species as well as the presence of animals in the reserve. Action plans have been initiated jointly by the Nordic House, the University of Iceland, and Reykjavík City Council, to improve the reserve's condition with appropriate wetland vegetation, construction of embankments and sedimentation ponds to improve the water flow, as well as some desilting of the lake.[18][19]

See also

180 degree view of Tjörnin
Panoramic image of Tjörnin in July 2014

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 Leffman, David; Proctor, James (1 June 2010). The Rough Guide to Iceland. Rough Guides. pp. 138–. ISBN 978-1-4053-8753-8. Retrieved 18 July 2013.
  2. ↑ Conolly, Jez; Whelan, Caroline (2012). World Film Locations Reyjavik. Intellect Books. p. 93. ISBN 978-1-84150-641-8. Retrieved 20 July 2013.
  3. ↑ Migoń, Piotr (2010). Geomorphological Landscapes of the World. Springer. pp. 243–. ISBN 978-90-481-3055-9.
  4. ↑ "102 Reykjavik, Iceland". Architizer.com. Retrieved 19 July 2013.
  5. ↑ Óla, Árni (12 May 1979). "Lækjartorg" (pdf). Morgunblaðið (in Icelandic). Reykjavik. p. 10. Retrieved 11 October 2013.
  6. 1 2 Lonely Planet; Fran Parnell; Brandon Presser (1 September 2010). Lonely Planet Iceland. Lonely Planet. pp. 83–. ISBN 978-1-74220-346-1.
  7. ↑ Riley, Laura; Riley, William (1 January 2005). Nature's Strongholds: The World's Greatest Wildlife Reserves. Princeton University Press. pp. 384–. ISBN 978-0-691-12219-9.
  8. ↑ Top 10 Iceland. DK Publishing. 1 June 2012. pp. 105–. ISBN 978-0-7566-9442-5.
  9. ↑ Brazil, Mark (31 January 2010). The Whooper Swan. A&C Black. pp. 27–. ISBN 978-1-4081-2867-1.
  10. ↑ Hannesson, Gunnar (1974). Reykjavík: a panorama in four seasons. Iceland Review Books. p. 16.
  11. ↑ Kelen, Kit; Sundmark, Bjorn (11 February 2013). The Nation in Children’s Literature: Nations of Childhood. Routledge. pp. 69–. ISBN 978-1-136-24894-8.
  12. ↑ "Summer Ban On Feeding Ducks In Tjörnin". The Reykjavík Grapevine. Retrieved 11 October 2013.
  13. ↑ Design from Scandinavia. World Pictures. 1996.
  14. ↑ Europe on a Shoestring. Lonely Planet. 2009. pp. 588–. ISBN 978-1-74220-334-8.
  15. ↑ "Reykjavic: UNESCO City of Literature" (pdf). UNESCO Organization. Retrieved 19 July 2013.
  16. ↑ "Transport in Reykjavík". Lonely Planet. Retrieved 11 October 2013.
  17. ↑ "Brýrnar í borginni" [The City's Bridges] (pdf). Fréttablaðið (in Icelandic). Reykjavik. 14 August 2006. p. 33. Retrieved 11 October 2013.
  18. ↑ "Actions Planned for Reykjavík Nature Reserve". Iceland Review Online. 7 December 2012. Retrieved 25 July 2013.
  19. ↑ "Nature reserve in Vatnsmýrin". Nordichouse Organization. Retrieved 25 July 2013.
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