USS Harry S. Truman

USS Harry S. Truman (CVN-75)
USS Harry S. Truman alongside USNS Spica in 2003.
History
United States of America
Name: Harry S. Truman
Namesake: Harry S. Truman
Ordered: 30 June 1988
Builder: Newport News Shipbuilding
Cost: $4.5 billion
Laid down: 29 November 1993
Launched: 7 September 1996
Commissioned: 25 July 1998
Homeport: NS Norfolk, Virginia
Motto: The Buck Stops Here
Nickname(s): HST, Lone Warrior
Status: in active service
Badge:
General characteristics
Class and type:
Displacement: 103,900 long tons (116,400 short tons)[1]
Length:
  • Overall: 1,092 feet (332.8 m)
  • Waterline: 1,040 feet (317.0 m)
Beam:
  • Overall: 252 ft (76.8 m)
  • Waterline: 134 ft (40.8 m)
Draft:
  • Maximum navigational: 37 feet (11.3 m)
  • Limit: 41 feet (12.5 m)
Propulsion:
Speed: 30+ knots (56+ km/h; 35+ mph)
Range: Unlimited distance; 20–25 years
Complement:
  • Ship's company: 3,200
  • Air wing: 2,480
Sensors and
processing systems:
  • AN/SPS-48E 3-D air search radar
  • AN/SPS-49(V)5 2-D air search radar
  • AN/SPQ-9B target acquisition radar
  • AN/SPN-46 air traffic control radars
  • AN/SPN-43C air traffic control radar
  • AN/SPN-41 landing aid radars
  • 4 × Mk 91 NSSM guidance systems
  • 4 × Mk 95 radars
Electronic warfare
& decoys:
  • SLQ-32A(V)4 Countermeasures suite
  • SLQ-25A Nixie torpedo countermeasures
Armament:
Armor: Unknown
Aircraft carried: 90 fixed wing and helicopters

USS Harry S. Truman (CVN-75) is the eighth Nimitz-class aircraft carrier of the United States Navy, named after the 33rd President of the United States, Harry S. Truman. The ship's callsign is Lone Warrior, and she is currently homeported at Naval Station Norfolk, Virginia.

Harry S. Truman was launched on 7 September 1996 by Newport News Shipbuilding, Newport News, Virginia,[2] and commissioned on 25 July 1998 with Captain Thomas Otterbein in command. President Bill Clinton was the keynote speaker, and other notable attendees and speakers included Missouri Representative Ike Skelton, Missouri Governor Mel Carnahan, Secretary of Defense William Cohen and Secretary of the Navy John H. Dalton.

Harry S. Truman was initially the flagship of Carrier Group Two and, beginning 1 October 2004, of Carrier Strike Group Ten.

Beginning in 2001, the Harry S. Truman Carrier Battle Group participated in Operation Joint Endeavor, Operation Deny Flight, Operation Southern Watch, Operation Enduring Freedom – Afghanistan, Operation Iraqi Freedom, Summer Pulse '04, and NATO Operation Medshark/Majestic Eagle '04.[3]

As of 3 June 2016, Harry S. Truman was the flagship of Carrier Strike Group 8, carrying out operations against IS from the Eastern Mediterraneann as part of Operation Inherent Resolve.[4][5][6] The ship has been the flagship of Carrier Strike Group 8 since June 2014.[7]

Description

Harry S. Truman (also known as HST within the Navy) is 1,092 feet (333 m) long, 257 feet (78 m) wide and is as high as a twenty-four-story building, at 244 feet (74 m). The supercarrier can accommodate approximately 90 aircraft and has a flight deck 4.5 acres (1.8 ha) in size, using four elevators that are 3,880 sq ft (360 m2) each to move planes between the flight deck and the hangar bay. With a combat load, HST displaces almost 97,000 tons and can accommodate 6,250 crewmembers.

The warship uses two Mark II stockless anchors that came from USS Forrestal[8] and weigh 30 tons each, with each link of the anchor chain weighing 360 pounds (160 kg). She is currently equipped with three 20 mm Phalanx CIWS mounts and two Sea Sparrow SAM launchers.

The ship cost over $4.5 billion in 2007 dollars to manufacture.

Propulsion

Two Westinghouse A4W nuclear reactors are used for propulsion, this means that the ship is capable of steaming more than three million miles before refueling. The ship has 4 five-bladed propellers that weigh 66,220 pounds (30.04 t) each and can drive the ship at speeds over 30 knots (56 km/h; 35 mph).

Awards

Harry S Truman has been the recipient of numerous awards recognizing the ship's excellence. They include

Ship's seal and battle flag

Battle flag with red background with the number 75, crossed canon barrels and phrase "Give 'em Hell"
Harry S. Truman battle flag.

The oval seal was designed by the ship's pre-commissioning crew and is primarily blue and gold. According to the ship's history webpage, a coat of arms "characterizes the global on-station capability of the ship and the United States Navy" and "Truman's name forms the shape of a forward-deployed aircraft carrier prepared to uphold and protect American interests".[18] The three flags near the bottom represent the letters "HST". The 33 gold stars surrounding the seal represent Truman's position as the 33rd President.

The Harry S. Truman battle flag was also designed by the ship's crew and is a variation of the guidons carried by the companies of the 129th Field Artillery Regiment of the 35th Infantry Division, such as Battery D, the battery under the command of then Army Capt. Harry Truman during World War I. It consists of crossed cannons on a scarlet background with the phrase "Give 'em hell", a reference to Truman's 1948 reelection campaign.

Ship history

Pre-commissioning and construction

A cover for the Keel Laying of CVN-75 showing her keel was laid as USS United States

The keel was laid by Newport News Shipbuilding on 29 November 1993 and the ship was christened on 7 September 1996.[18] HST was authorized and laid down as USS United States but her name was changed in February 1995 at the direction of then Secretary of the Navy John H. Dalton.

Three Newport News ship workers died during construction when a pump room filled with methane and hydrogen sulfide gases during a sewage leak on 12 July 1997. They are commemorated by a brass plaque in the tunnel off Hangar Bay No. 1. The ship was christened on 7 September 1996, launched 13 September 1996, and the crew began moving aboard from contract housing in Newport News in January 1998. The ship successfully completed builder's sea trial on 11 June 1998 after a short delay due to noise issues in one of the reactor closure heads. The ship was officially accepted by the Navy on 30 June 1998 and was commissioned on 25 July 1998 at Naval Station Norfolk.[19]

Commissioning

The keynote speaker of the commissioning ceremony was President Bill Clinton. Other notable attendees and speakers were: Rep. Ike Skelton, D-Mo., who pushed to have the carrier named after the 33rd president; Missouri Governor Mel Carnahan; Captain Thomas Otterbein, Truman’s first commanding officer; Secretary of Defense William Cohen; and Secretary of the Navy John H. Dalton.

1998–1999

The Truman left port for sea for the first time as a U.S. Navy carrier in August 1998 to conduct flight deck certifications, an exercise designed to test the ship’s ability to successfully launch and recover aircraft. That was followed by numerous at sea periods for various training excercises.

2000 maiden deployment

The Maiden deployment of Harry S Truman began on 28 November 2000 with Carrier Air Wing 3 (CVW-3) embarked. After transiting the Suez Canal, the air wing flew 869 combat sorties in support of Operation Southern Watch (OSW), including a strike on Iraqi integrated air defense system sites on 16 February 2001, in a sanctioned response to Iraqi surface-to-air missile fire against United Nations Security Council coalition forces.[18] Combat operations ended on 27 April and the ship returned to the U.S. on 23 May 2001. She then entered Norfolk Naval Shipyard in Portsmouth, Va., for her first Planned Incremental Availability (PIA) on 5 September.

2002–2003

A pair of T-45 Goshawks of VT-7 Eagles stand on Harry S. Truman's forward catapults awaiting launch during carrier qualifications in July 2003

HST deployed on her second deployment on 5 December 2002, again with CVW-3 embarked,[20] visiting Marseille, France, Souda Bay, Crete and Koper, Slovenia.[21] Between 19 March and 18 April, airwing aircraft flew nearly 1,300 combat sorties from the Mediterranean Sea in the early stages of 2003 invasion of Iraq.[22][23][24] The ship stopped in Portsmouth, England, before returning to Norfolk on 23 May 2003. Truman conducted her second Planned Incremental Availability at Norfolk Naval Shipyard from August 2003 to 13 February 2004.

2004–2005

The ship anchored outside Portsmouth, England, date unknown.

On 2 June 2004, HST "surged"[25] for Exercise Summer Pulse, deploying to the Mediterranean Sea. The ship called at Naples, Italy, and participated in Operation Majestic Eagle in the eastern Atlantic Ocean before returning home on 25 July.[26]

On 1 October 2004, as part of a Navy-wide series of redesignations, Truman's immediate superior in command (ISIC) changed to Carrier Strike Group Ten. The ship set out from Norfolk on her third extended deployment on 13 October 2004, and visited Souda Bay, Crete, before relieving USS John F. Kennedy on 20 November in the Persian Gulf. Truman and Carrier Air Wing 3 launched 2,577 sorties, totaling nearly 13,000 flight hours, flying combat missions over Iraq and maritime security operations before being relieved by USS Carl Vinson Carrier Strike Group in the Persian Gulf on 19 March 2005. Despite plans to cross the equator and visit South Africa, diplomatic issues caused her instead to transit the Suez Canal, stopping in Portsmouth, England, prior to returning home on 18 April 2005.

On 1 September 2005, in response to the disaster of Hurricane Katrina, Truman set sail for the devastated U.S. Gulf Coast. She arrived in the Gulf of Mexico on 4 September and served as the flagship for the Naval task force. While the ship's strike group (Carrier Strike Group 10) commander, Rear Adm. Joseph Kilkenny, was appointed deputy commander of Joint Task Force Gulf Coast (also known as JTF Katrina & Rita), the ship remained anchored in the gulf and provided fresh desalinated water for the relief effort via helicopter (the actual command hub for the JTF was USS Iwo Jima). The carrier also provided support to JRB New Orleans in the form of aviation boatswain's mates and cooks to keep that station in operation.[27] Harry S Truman returned to home port in October 2005 after five weeks of relief efforts.

Harry S Truman in the Elizabeth River near Norfolk Naval Shipyard in 2004.

2006

Harry S Truman entered the Norfolk Naval Shipyard for a Docked Planned Incremental Availability in January 2006.[28] The ship received many system upgrades, and underwent preventative maintenance to repair minor weld defects originating from the initial construction of the reactor plants. She left the yard in December 2006 and continued preparations for surge beginning in April 2007.

2007

On 15 August 2007, an E-2C Hawkeye crashed after taking off from the carrier, killing all three crewmembers. On 5 November 2007 Harry S Truman left Norfolk for her fourth extended deployment with CVW-3 embarked in support of OIF.

2008

HST returned to the US on 4 June 2008.[29] She first pulled into port in Naval Station Mayport, Florida in order to welcome aboard family and friends for a three-day "Tiger Cruise" or Family Day Cruise, before returning to Norfolk Naval Station on 4 June 2008.[30] The ship was awarded her fourth Battle E award for the east coast (for 2008) in early 2009. Jimmy Buffett visited the ship and performed a concert on 28 January 2008.

2009

HST completed a nearly seven-month Planned Incremental Availability (PIA) at the Norfolk Naval Shipyard in Portsmouth, VA in February 2009.[31] On 5 August 2009, EA-18G Growlers from Electronic Attack Squadron 129 (VAQ-129) and Electronic Attack Squadron 132 (VAQ-132) completed their first at-sea carrier-arrested landing (trap) aboard Harry S Truman.[32]

2010

Truman began a seven-month deployment to the 5th and 6th Fleet areas of operations in support of maritime security operations[33] on 21 May 2010. Truman led a task force of 11 American warships and 5,000 men into the Suez Canal on 20 June 2010. The ship visited four ports during its 213 days at sea, including Marseille, France; Dubai, U.A.E; Manama, Bahrain; and Souda Bay, Crete, before returning to the United States on 20 December 2010.

2011

Dry-docked

On 2 February 2011, Commander, Naval Air Force U.S. Atlantic Fleet named Truman as the Battle Effectiveness Award, or Battle "E", award winner, which was third consecutive Battle "E" award. This was the sixth award in the ship's twelve-year history, having previously won the Battle "E" award in 2003, 2004, 2005, 2008, and 2009.[14]

Harry S Truman entered a Docked Planned Increment Availability at Norfolk Naval Shipyard in late March 2011. On 28 February 2011, the aircraft carrier began its dry-docking planned incremental availability (DPIA) maintenance and yard overhaul period at Norfolk Naval Shipyard in Portsmouth, Virginia (pictured).[34] During this maintenance cycle, Truman received a new main mast, an upgrade in its close-in weapons systems, and the installation of the Automated Digital Network System (ADNS) which provides the carrier with enhanced communications and cooperative engagement capabilities to assess possible threats.[35] Truman is expected to complete this DPIA yard overhaul in early 2012 and begin preparations for its sixth overseas deployment.[36] Also, Truman's berthing spaces were also upgraded, installing 2,500 racks, replacing 46,000 square feet of deck and painting 106,000 square feet of spaces.[37] On 8 November 2011, Captain Tushar Tembe died after collapsing on the pier near the ship. Executive Officer Captain Craig Clapperton assumed command after Captain Tushar Tembe's death. Soon after Tembe's death Captain Dee Mewbourne assumed command and Captain Craig Clapperton resumed his position as Executive Officer.

2012

Harry S. Truman on carrier qualifications in the Atlantic in December 2012; three C-2A Greyhounds are parked adjacent to the ship's island; behind them is a single SH-60F Seahawk; a second Seahawk is parked on the starboard side aft with an F/A-18E Super Hornet; an X-47B UCAV is taxiing from the port side aft, about to pass a pair of F/A-18F Super Hornets parked on the port side overhang.

On 7 April 2012, Norfolk Naval Shipyard completed the ship's nuclear power plant modernization and testing was to begin to ensure its readiness for sea trials lasting 90 days. Harry S. Truman returned to the U.S. Navy fleet in the summer of 2012.[38] On 26 November 2012, an X-47B Unmanned Combat Air System (UCAS) was hoisted on board the Truman in preparation for an unmanned aircraft's first, carrier-based testing. Truman was to be the first aircraft carrier in Naval aviation history to host test operations for an unmanned aircraft. Testing on the X-47B was conducted over a three-week period that included in-port and underway demonstrations aboard.[39] The X-47B successfully completed carrier deck tests aboard the Harry S Truman on 18 December 2012.[40]

2013

On 6 February 2013, the U.S. Department of Defense announced that the upcoming deployment of Harry S. Truman, the Ticonderoga-class guided-missile cruiser Gettysburg, and the rest of Carrier Strike Group Ten will be postponed pending the resolution of the upcoming budget sequestration, leaving the carrier John C. Stennis and its carrier strike group as the only carrier force operating in the Persian Gulf region.[41][42] The strike group was originally scheduled to depart Naval Station Norfolk, Virginia, on 8 February 2013.[41]

On 22 July 2013, Harry S. Truman left for an extended deployment to the 5th Fleet area of responsibility, and settled into their mission of supporting Operation Enduring Freedom and the coalition of troops on the ground in Afghanistan.

2014

On 14 February 2014, the Commander, Naval Air Force U.S. Atlantic Fleet named Harry S. Truman as the East Coast aircraft carrier Battle Effectiveness Award winner.[43]

On 23 March 2014 Harry S. Truman officially turned over the watch to George H.W. Bush in the U.S. 5th Fleet area of responsibility conducting maritime security operations and supporting theater security cooperation efforts.[44]

2015

On 16 November 2015, Harry S. Truman, with assigned Carrier Air Wing Seven, began a scheduled deployment to the U.S. 6th and 5th Fleet areas of operation. The carrier was accompanied by the cruiser Anzio and Destroyer Squadron (DESRON) 28, Bulkeley, Gonzalez, Ramage and Gravely.[45]

On 21 December 2015, Djibouti President Ismail Omar Guelleh visited USS Harry S. Truman stationed near the Yemeni island of Berim.[46] On 26 December while transiting the Straight of Hormuz several unguided rockets fired by Iran landed approximately 1,500 yards (1,400 m) away from Harry S. Truman which was traveling with the destroyer Bulkeley and the French frigate Provence. Iran had announced over maritime radio they were carrying out tests "only 23 minutes before" and were criticized by the U.S. Central Command for "Firing weapons so close to passing coalition ships and commercial traffic within an internationally recognized maritime traffic lane." [47]

2016

On 12 January 2016, an unarmed Iranian drone flew directly over Harry S. Truman in international waters and took "precise" photos, according to state television in the Islamic Republic.[48]

On 29 December 2015, Harry S. Truman began launching strikes against the Islamic State group. By mid-April 2016, aircraft of Carrier Air Wing Seven operating from the carrier had dropped 1,118 pieces of ordnance in operations against the group, surpassing a record of 1,085 pieces that was set by aircraft assigned to USS Theodore Roosevelt in 2015.[49]

On 3 June 2016, F/A-18 Hornets launched from Harry S. Truman conducted air strikes against ISIS targets from the eastern Mediterranean. It was the first time the U.S. Navy had conducted strike missions in the Middle East from the Mediterranean Sea since flying operations against the Iraqi military in 2003.[50]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Polmar, Norman (2004). The Naval Institute guide to the ships and aircraft of the U.S. fleet. Naval Institute Press. p. 112. ISBN 978-1-59114-685-8.
  2. ↑ "Aircraft Carrier Photo Index: USS HARRY S. TRUMAN (CVN-75)". www.navsource.org. Retrieved 2016-08-16.
  3. ↑ "Harry S Truman Strike Group". Military. GlobalSecurity.org. 7 May 2011. Retrieved 31 August 2011.
  4. ↑ http://www.military.com/daily-news/2015/12/29/harry-s-truman-carrier-strike-group-launches-first-oir-missions.html
  5. ↑ http://www.defense.gov/News-Article-View/Article/790731/navy-launches-counter-isil-sorties-from-mediterranean-sea
  6. ↑ http://maritime-executive.com/article/us-navy-strikes-at-isil-from-the-med
  7. ↑ http://www.navy.mil/submit/display.asp?story_id=86655
  8. ↑ Gunder, Joseph (21 July 2003). "T-2s, The End of an Era". U.S. Navy. Retrieved 19 March 2011.
  9. ↑ Larson, Rosa (15 June 2004). "Truman Takes Atlantic Fleet Battenberg Cup". U.S. Navy. Retrieved 19 March 2011.
  10. ↑ Phillips, April (13 April 2004). "Truman Wins East Coast Battle 'E'". U.S. Navy. Retrieved 20 March 2011.
  11. ↑ Larson, Rosa (29 April 2009). "Truman Wins East Coast Battle 'E'". U.S. Navy. Retrieved 20 March 2011.
  12. ↑ "Truman Wins Third Consecutive Battle 'E'". U.S. Navy. 29 March 2006. Retrieved 20 March 2011.
  13. ↑ Miller, Tristan (25 February 2009). "Harry S Truman Awarded Battle "E"". U.S. Navy. Retrieved 20 March 2011.
  14. 1 2 "USS Harry S Truman Dons Battle "E" for Sixth Time in Twelve Years". NNS110205-09. USS Harry S Truman Public Affairs. 5 February 2011. Retrieved 19 February 2011.
  15. ↑ http://www.navy.mil/submit/display.asp?story_id=79164
  16. ↑ Larson, Rosa (2 March 2005). "Truman Wins Coveted Ney Award". U.S. Navy. Retrieved 20 March 2011.
  17. ↑ Parfitt, Megan (11 June 2005). "Truman Supply Department Wins Adm. Stan Arthur Award". U.S. Navy. Retrieved 20 March 2011.
  18. 1 2 3 United States Navy
  19. ↑ Agostinelli, Giampaolo (2003) Where Sea Meets the Sky: Us Navy – Cvw-3 – Uss Harry S Truman Naval Institute Press. p.33.
  20. ↑ De La Cruz, Raul (6 December 2002). "Harry S Truman Deploys in Support of Enduring Freedom". U.S. Navy. Retrieved 20 March 2011.
  21. ↑ Phillips, April (10 February 2003). "Truman Visits Slovenia". U.S. Navy. Retrieved 20 March 2011.
  22. ↑ Gorenflo, April (26 March 2003). "Full Speed Ahead into Operation Iraqi Freedom". U.S. Navy. Retrieved 20 March 2011.
  23. ↑ Gorenflo, April (26 March 2003). "HST Strikes in Operation Iraqi Freedom". U.S. Navy. Retrieved 20 March 2011.
  24. ↑ De La Cruz, Raul (27 March 2003). "Shock and Awesome; Truman Planes Rule the Night". U.S. Navy. Retrieved 20 March 2011.
  25. ↑ Phillips, April (24 June 2004). "HST Strike Group Certifies, Pulses East". U.S. Navy. Retrieved 20 March 2011.
  26. ↑ Phillips, April (26 July 2004). "Truman Returns from Summer Pulse '04". U.S. Navy. Retrieved 20 March 2011.
  27. ↑ Hurricane Katrina
  28. ↑ Stevens, John (13 January 2006). "Truman Begins DPIA 2006". U.S. Navy. Retrieved 20 March 2011.
  29. ↑ Naval Aviation News, Sept 2009, p16
  30. ↑ "USS Harry S Truman Carrier Strike Group Returns Home". U.S. Navy. 9 June 2008. Retrieved 20 March 2011.
  31. ↑ "USS Harry S Truman Completes Sea Trials, Returns to Homport". U.S. Navy. 18 February 2009. Retrieved 20 March 2011.
  32. ↑ Evans, Mark L.; Gordon, Dale J. (Summer 2010). "Year in Review 2009" (PDF). Naval Aviation News. 94 (2): 24. 0028-1417. Archived from the original (pdf) on 2010-12-05.
  33. ↑ "Truman Strike Group Deploys". U.S. Navy. 21 May 2010. Retrieved 20 March 2011.
  34. ↑ Mass Communication Specialist 3rd Class David R. Finley Jr., USN (28 February 2011). "Truman Prepares for Yard Period". NNS110228-12. USS Harry S Truman Public Affairs. Retrieved 2013-11-17.
  35. ↑ Mass Communication Specialist 3rd Class Darren Moore, USN (26 August 2011). "Truman Receives Combat Systems Upgrades". NNS110826-26. USS Harry S Truman Public Affairs. Retrieved 28 August 2011.
  36. ↑ Mass Communication Specialist 3rd Class David Cothran, USN (7 July 2011). "USS Harry S Truman Reaches Dry-Dock Maintenance Availability Milestone". NNS110707-19. USS Harry S Truman Public Affairs. Retrieved 26 July 2011.
  37. ↑ Mass Communication Specialist 3rd Class Darren Moore, USN (17 September 2011). "Truman Habitability Team Pushes Forward, Achieves Success". NNS110917-06. USS Harry S Truman Public Affairs. Retrieved 29 September 2011.
  38. ↑ "Завершена модернизация энергетической установки авианосца Harry S. Truman". Flot.com. 19 April 2012. Retrieved 2012-08-14.
  39. ↑ Taylor DiMartino (26 November 2012). "Truman Hosts X-47B Unmanned Aircraft Demonstrator for Carrier-Based Testing". navy.mil. Retrieved 2012-11-26.
  40. ↑ X-47B Unmanned Combat Air System Completes First At-Sea Tests – Defense-Aerospace.com, 18 December 2012
  41. 1 2 "Harry S. Truman Carrier Strike Group Deployment Delayed". NNS130206-16. Harry S. Truman Strike Group Public Affairs. 7 February 2013. Retrieved 2013-02-07.
  42. ↑ David Lerma (6 February 2013). "Pentagon Delays Sending Carrier to Mideast to Save Money". Bloomberg News. Retrieved 2013-02-07. and "Budget Fears Delay US Navy Gulf Deployment". Voice of America. 6 February 2013. Retrieved 2013-02-07.
  43. ↑ Mass Communication Specialist Seaman Emily M. Blair, USN (18 February 2014). "Harry S. Truman Wins Battle 'E'". NNS140218-03. Harry S. Truman Strike Group Public Affairs. Retrieved 2014-02-18.
  44. ↑ http://www.navy.mil/view_image.asp?id=173620
  45. ↑ Mass Communication Specialist Seaman A.O. Tinubu, USN (16 November 2015). "Harry S. Truman Deploys". NNS151116-16. USS Harry S. Truman Public Affairs. Retrieved 2015-11-16.
  46. ↑ News Ghana (21 December 2015). "Djibouti president visits U.S. aircraft carrier "USS Harry Truman"". NG101-21. Newsghana.com.gh. Retrieved 2015-12-21.
  47. ↑ "US Accuses Iran of Conducting Rocket Test Near Warships". New York Times. New York Times. Associated Press. 30 December 2015. Retrieved 30 December 2015.
  48. ↑ "Iranian drone takes "precise" photos as it flies over US aircraft carrier". Euronews. euronews.com. 29 January 2016. Retrieved 30 January 2016.
  49. ↑ "USS Harry S. Truman Sets Navy Record for Dropping Bombs against ISIS". military.com. 20 April 2016. Retrieved 2 May 2016.
  50. ↑ "USS Harry Truman launches airstrikes against ISIS from Mediterranean Sea". fox news. 4 June 2016.
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