United States House of Representatives elections, 1792
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Results: Federalist majority
Anti-Federalist majority
Even split | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Elections to the United States House of Representatives for the 3rd Congress were held in 1792 and 1793, coinciding with the re-election of George Washington as President. While Washington ran for president as an independent, his followers (more specifically, the supporters of Alexander Hamilton) formed the nation's first organized political party, the Federalist Party, whose members and sympathizers are identified as pro-Administration on this page. In response, followers of Thomas Jefferson and James Madison created the opposition Democratic-Republican Party, who are identified as anti-Administration on this page. The Federalists promoted urbanization, industrialization, mercantilism, centralized government, and a broad interpretation of the United States Constitution. In contrast, Democratic-Republicans supported the ideal of an agrarian republic made up of self-sufficient farmers and small, localized governments with limited power.
Despite nearly unanimous support for Washington as a presidential candidate, Jeffersonian ideas edged out Hamiltonian principles at the ballot box for congressional candidates, with the Democratic-Republicans taking 24 seats more than they had prior to the organization of their political movement. Most of the increase was due to the addition of new seats in Western regions as a result of the United States census of 1790. Dominated by agrarian culture, these Western territories offered strong support to Democratic-Republican congressional candidates. As a result, they secured a thin majority in the legislature.
Election summaries
In this period, each state fixed its own date for a congressional general election, as early as August 1792 (in New Hampshire and Rhode Island) and as late as September 1793 (in Kentucky). In some states, the congressional delegation was not elected until after the legal start of the Congress (on the 4th day of March in the odd-numbered year), but as the first session of Congress typically began in November or December, the elections took place before Congress actually met. The 3rd Congress first met on December 2, 1793.
These were the first elections held after reapportionment following the first census. Thirty-six new seats were added,[2] with 1 state losing 1 seat, 3 states having no change, and the remaining 11 states gaining between 1 and 9 seats. This was the first apportionment based on actual census data, the apportionment for the 1st and 2nd Congresses being set by the Constitution using estimated populations.
54 | 51 |
Anti-Administration | Pro-Administration |
State | Type | Date | Total seats |
Anti- Administration |
Pro- Administration | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Seats | Change | Seats | Change | Seats | Change | |||
Connecticut | At-large | September 17, 1792 | 7 | 2 | 0 | 7 | 2 | |
Delaware | At-large | October 2, 1792 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
Georgia | At-large[Note 1] | October 1, 1792 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 0 | |
Maryland | District[Note 2] | October 1, 1792 | 8 | 2 | 4 | 1 | 4 | 1 |
Massachusetts | Mixed[Note 3] | November 2, 1792[Note 4] | 14 | 6 | 3 | 2 | 11 | 4 |
New Hampshire | At-large | August 27, 1792 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | |
New Jersey | At-large | October 9, 1792 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 5 | 1 | |
Pennsylvania | At-large[Note 1] | October 9, 1792 | 13 | 5 | 8 | 4 | 5 | 1 |
Rhode Island | At-large | August 28, 1792 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | |
1793 elections | ||||||||
Kentucky | District (2) | September 6, 1793 | 2 | 2 | 0 | |||
New York | District (10) | January 2, 1793 | 10 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 7 | 3 |
North Carolina | District (10) | February 15, 1793 | 10 | 5 | 9 | 6 | 1 | 1 |
South Carolina | District (6) | February 5, 1793 | 6 | 1 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 2 |
Vermont | District (2) | January 7, 1793[Note 5] | 2 | 2 | 0 | |||
Virginia | District (19) | March 18, 1793 | 19 | 9 | 15 | 7 | 4 | 2 |
Total | 105 | 36 | 54 51.4% |
24 | 51 48.6% |
12 |
House composition
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Late elections to the 2nd Congress
Kentucky
Kentucky was admitted to the union near the end of the 2nd Congress and elected two representatives to serve during the last sessions of that Congress.
District | Result | Candidates |
---|---|---|
Kentucky 1 Called the Southern District |
Anti-Administration win | Christopher Greenup (A)[Note 6] Robert Brackenridge |
Kentucky 2 Called the Northern District |
Anti-Administration win | Alexander D. Orr (A)[Note 6] Hubbard Taylor |
Greenup took his seat on November 9, 1792 and Orr on November 8, 1792.[3]
Complete returns
The first delegate was elected from the Southwest Territory to the 3rd Congress in 1794.
Connecticut
Connecticut gained two seats in reapportionment following the 1790 census.
District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Connecticut At-large 7 seats on a general ticket |
James Hillhouse | Pro-Administration | 1790 | Re-elected | Jonathan Trumbull, Jr. (P) 14.1% James Hillhouse (P) 13.0% Jonathan Sturges (P) 11.5% Benjamin Huntington (P) 10.6% Jeremiah Wadsworth (P) 10.4% Amasa Learned (P) 9.5% Stephen M. Mitchell (P) 7.8% Uriah Tracy[Note 7] (P) 6.3% Jonathan Ingersoll[Note 7] 5.4% Asher Miller 4.3% Zephaniah Swift[Note 7] (P) 4.3% Tapping Reeve 3.0% |
Amasa Learned | Pro-Administration | 1791 (Special) | Re-elected | ||
Jonathan Sturges | Pro-Administration | 1788 | Re-elected | ||
Jonathan Trumbull, Jr. | Pro-Administration | 1788 | Re-elected | ||
Jeremiah Wadsworth | Pro-Administration | 1788 | Re-elected | ||
None (Seat created) | New seat Pro-Administration gain | ||||
None (Seat created) | New seat Pro-Administration gain |
Three special elections followed the 1792 elections in Connecticut after Representatives-elect Sturges and Huntington resigned before the start of Congress and Mitchell was elected to the Senate.
Delaware
Delaware's apportionment did not change following the Census of 1790. As in the 1st and 2nd Congresses, each voter cast votes for two separate candidates, at least one of whom had to be from a different county as the voter.
District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Delaware At-Large | John M. Vining | Pro-Administration | 1789 | Lost re-election Anti-Administration hold |
John Patten[Note 8] (A) 38.8% Henry Latimer[Note 9] (P) 38.3% Francis Many 11.7% Edward Roche 7.9% Andrew Barrett 3.3% |
John Patten (A) was initially declared the winner, but the election was challenged by Henry Latimer. The results of the election were subsequently reversed and Henry Latimer (P) took Delaware's seat in the Third Congress.[1]
Georgia
Following the Census of 1790, Georgia's apportionment was decreased from 3 seats to 2 (the only state whose representation decreased after the Census of 1790). Georgia switched from separate districts to at-large seats.
District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Georgia At-large 2 seats on a general ticket |
John Milledge Redistricted from the 1st district |
Anti-Administration | 1792 (special) | Lost re-election Anti-Administration hold |
Abraham Baldwin (A) 44.5% Thomas P. Carnes (A) 29.5% George Mathews 10.8% John Milledge (A) 8.1% Scattering 7.0% Francis Willis (A) 0.3% |
Abraham Baldwin Redistricted from the 2nd district |
Anti-Administration | 1789 | Re-elected | ||
Francis Willis Redistricted from the 3rd district |
Anti-Administration | 1791 | Lost re-election Anti-Administration loss |
Kentucky
District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Kentucky 1 Called the Southern District |
Christopher Greenup | Anti-Administration | 1792 | Re-elected | Christopher Greenup[Note 6] (A) |
Kentucky 2 Called the Northern District |
Alexander D. Orr | Anti-Administration | 1792 | Re-elected | Alexander D. Orr[Note 6] (A) |
Maryland
Maryland increased from 6 to 8 representatives after the Census of 1790. The previous mixed district/at-large system was replaced with a conventional district system.
District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Maryland 1 | Philip Key | Pro-Administration | 1790 | Lost re-election Pro-Administration hold |
George Dent (P) 44.7% John Parnham (P) 29.8% Philip Key (P) 25.5% |
Maryland 2 | John F. Mercer Redistricted from the 3rd district |
Anti-Administration | 1791 (special) | Re-elected | John F. Mercer (A) 57.0% John Thomas (P) 42.1% Richard A. Contee 0.9% |
Maryland 3 | None (District created) | New seat Pro-Administration gain |
Uriah Forrest (P) 71.8% William Dorsey (A) 28.1% Others 0.1% | ||
Maryland 4 | None (District created) | New seat Anti-Administration gain |
Thomas Sprigg (A) 100% | ||
Maryland 5 | None (District created) | New seat Anti-Administration gain |
Samuel Smith (A) 61.1% Charles Ridgely (A) 38.9% | ||
Maryland 6 | None (District created) | New seat Anti-Administration gain |
Gabriel Christie (A) 63.6% William Matthews (P) 36.4% | ||
Maryland 7 | Joshua Seney Redistricted from the 2nd district |
Anti-Administration | 1789 | Retired Pro-Administration gain |
William Hindman[Note 10] (P) 51.7% James Tilghman (A) 48.3% |
Maryland 8 | William V. Murray Redistricted from the 5th district |
Pro-Administration | 1790 | Re-elected | William V. Murray (P) 93.8% Littleton Dennis (P) 5.4% Others 0.9% |
John Francis Mercer (A) of the 2nd district resigned April 13, 1794 and was replaced in a special election by Gabriel Duvall (A).
Uriah Forrest (P) of the 3rd district resigned November 8, 1794 and was replaced in a special election by Benjamin Edwards (P).
Massachusetts
Following the Census of 1790, Massachusetts' representation increased from 8 to 14 Representatives and was redistricted into 4 plural districts, plus a single at-large district. The 4th district covered the District of Maine (the modern-day State of Maine). The plural districts were concurrent tickets rather than a single general ticket, though the 1st and 2nd districts appear to have also had a general ticket alongside the more specific tickets.
As before, a majority was required for election, in those districts where a majority was not achieved, additional ballots were required.
District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
First ballot | Second ballot | Third ballot | |||||
Massachusetts 1 | None (District created) | New seat Anti-Administration gain |
Jonathan Jones 39.8% William Heath 31.0% James Bowdoin 23.2% Theophilus Parsons 6.0% |
Jonathan Jones 29.3% Samuel Holten (A) 25.6% James Bowdoin 17.1% Samuel Sewall (P) 13.1% William Heath 8.3% Joseph Bradley Varnum (A) 3.8% Elbridge Gerry (A) 2.8% |
Samuel Holten (A) 69.9% Benjamin Austin 30.1% | ||
Massachusetts 1 Essex |
Benjamin Goodhue Redistricted from the 2nd district |
Pro-Administration | 1788 | Re-elected | Benjamin Goodhue (P) 100% | ||
Massachusetts 1 Middlesex |
Elbridge Gerry Redistricted from the 3rd district |
Anti-Administration | 1788 | Lost re-election Pro-Administration gain |
Samuel Dexter (P) 61.4% Joseph Bradley Varnum (A) 26.2% Elbridge Gerry (A) 12.4% |
||
Massachusetts 1 Suffolk |
Fisher Ames | Pro-Administration | 1788 | Re-elected | Fisher Ames (P) 62.4% Benjamin Austin 37.6% |
||
Massachusetts 2 | None (District created) | New seat Pro-Administration gain |
Samuel Lyman (P) 41.3% Theodore Sedgwick (P) 37.9% William Lyman (A) 6.7% Samuel Moorhaus 6.2% Simson Strong 4.% Dwight Foster (P) 3.5% |
Samuel Lyman (P) 35.4% Dwight Foster (P) 25.1% Thomson J. Skinner (A) 19.6% William Lyman (A) 12.1% Jonathan Grout (A) 4.0% William Shepard (P) 3.8% |
Dwight Foster (P) 55.3% Samuel Lyman (P) 44.7% | ||
Massachusetts 2 Berkshire |
Theodore Sedgwick Redistricted from the 4th district |
Pro-Administration | 1788 | Re-elected | Theodore Sedgwick (P) 63.8% Thomson J. Skinner (A) 29.1% John Bacon (A) 7.1% | ||
Massachusetts 2 Hampshire |
None (District created) | New seat Anti-Administration gain |
Samuel Lyman (P) 37.4% William Lyman (A) 32.3% Thomas Dwight (P) 16.8% Samuel Hinshaur 6.7% John Williams 3.6% Dwight Foster (P) 3.1% |
William Lyman (A) 38.0% Samuel Lyman (P) 31.3% William Shepard (P) 18.0% Thomas Dwight (P) 12.7% |
William Lyman (A) 53.1% Samuel Lyman (P) 46.9% | ||
Massachusetts 2 Worcester |
Artemas Ward Redistricted from the 7th district |
Pro-Administration | 1790 | Re-elected | Artemas Ward (P) 59.5% Jonathan Grout (A) 36.8% Dwight Foster (P) 3.8% |
||
Massachusetts 3 Barnstable, Dukes, & Nantucket |
George Leonard Redistricted from the 6th district |
Pro-Administration | 1788 | Lost re-election Pro-Administration hold |
Peleg Coffin, Jr. (P) 52.6% George Leonard (P) 34.3% Phanuel Bishop (A) 13.1% |
||
Massachusetts 3 Bristol & Plymouth |
Shearjashub Bourne Redistricted from the 5th district |
Pro-Administration | 1790 | Re-elected | John Davis 49.2% Shearjashub Bourne (P) 26.1% James Warren 24.8% |
Shearjashub Bourne (P) 53.0% John Davis 40.6% James Warren 6.4% |
|
District 4 Cumberland |
None (District created) | New seat Pro-Administration gain |
Daniel Davis 40.0% Peleg Wadsworth (P) 38.6% Robert Southgate 11.7% Josiah Thacker 9.8% |
Peleg Wadsworth (P) 48.4% Daniel Davis 42.2% Robert Southgate 9.4% |
Peleg Wadsworth (P) 58.0% Daniel Davis 42.0% | ||
Massachusetts 4 Lincoln, Hancock, & Washington |
None (District created) | New seat Anti-Administration gain |
William Lithgow 49.98% Henry Dearborn (A) 32.2% Daniel Coney 11.8% Alan Campbell 6.0% |
Henry Dearborn (A) 60.9% William Lithgow 39.1% |
|||
Massachusetts 4 York |
George Thatcher Redistricted from the 8th district |
Pro-Administration | 1788 | Re-elected | George Thatcher (P) 57.7% Nathaniel Wells 35.4% Tristan Jordan 6.9% |
||
Massachusetts at-large | None (District created) | New seat Pro-Administration gain |
David Cobb (P) 52.6% Charles Jarvis 9.6% William Heath 6.9% Theodore Sedgwick (P) 4.9% Elbridge Gerry (A) 2.1% Jonathan Jones 1.9% Fisher Ames (P) 1.7% James Sullivan (A) 1.5% Samuel Horton 1.3% Scattering 17.4% |
New Hampshire
New Hampshire increased from 3 seats to 4 seats after the Census of 1790.
District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
New Hampshire at-large 4 seats on a general ticket |
Jeremiah Smith | Pro-Administration | 1790 | Re-elected | Jeremiah Smith (P) 24.1% Nicholas Gilman (P) 16.3% John Samuel Sherburne (A) 14.2% Paine Wingate (P) 12.2% Abiel Foster (P) 8.9% James Sheafe (P) 8.2% Nathaniel Peabody 7.7% Timothy Walker 4.0% William Page 2.3% Joshua Atherton 2.3% |
Samuel Livermore | Pro-Administration | 1788 | Retired Anti-Administration gain | ||
Nicholas Gilman | Pro-Administration | 1788 | Re-elected | ||
None (Seat created) | New seat Pro-Administration gain |
New Jersey
Following the Census of 1790, New Jersey's apportionment increased from 4 to 5 seats.
District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates[Note 11] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
New Jersey At-Large 5 seats on a general ticket |
Elias Boudinot | Pro-Administration | 1789 | Re-elected | John Beatty (P) 16.4% Jonathan Dayton (P) 13.4% Abraham Clark (P) 11.8% Elias Boudinot (P) 10.8% Lambert Cadwalader (P) 10.1% Thomas Sinnickson (P) 48.7% Aaron Kitchell[Note 7] (P) 8.6% James Linn 5.2% Jonathan Elmer (P) 4.4% Samuel Dick 4.1% Thomas Henderson 2.9% |
Abraham Clark | Pro-Administration | 1791 | Re-elected | ||
Jonathan Dayton | Pro-Administration | 1791 | Re-elected | ||
Aaron Kitchell | Pro-Administration | 1791 | Lost re-election Pro-Administration hold | ||
None (Seat created) | New seat Pro-Administration gain |
Abraham Clark (P) died on September 15, 1794. The resulting vacancy was filled in a special election by Aaron Kitchell (P)
New York
Due to re-apportionment following the Census of 1790, New York's congressional delegation grew from 6 to 10. Three incumbents ran for re-election, two of whom won, and the other three incumbents retired. With the increase following re-apportionment, this left seven open seats.
District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
New York 1 | Thomas Tredwell | Anti-Administration | 1791 (Special) | Re-elected | Thomas Tredwell (A) 50.1% Joshua Sands (P) 26.6% Harry Peters (P) 23.3% |
New York 2 | None (District created) | New seat Pro-Administration gain |
John Watts (P) 72.6% William S. Livingston (A) 27.3% | ||
New York 3 | None (District created) | New seat Anti-Administration gain |
Philip Van Courtlandt (A) 55.5% Richard Hatfield (P) 44.5% | ||
New York 4 | Cornelius C. Schoonmaker | Anti-Administration | 1790 | Lost re-election Pro-Administration gain |
Peter Van Gaasbeck (P) 47.3% John Hathorn (A) 46.8% John Carpenter (A) 2.3% Cornelius C. Schoonmaker (A) 1.7% William Thompson (A) 1.3% Jesse Woodhull (A) 0.6% |
New York 5 | None (District created) | New seat Anti-Administration gain |
Theodorus Bailey (A) 53.6% James Kent (P) 46.4% | ||
New York 6 | None (District created) | New seat Pro-Administration gain |
Ezekiel Gilbert (P) 35.1% Peter R. Livingston (A) 34.1% Peter Van Ness (A) 30.8% | ||
New York 7 | None (District created) | New seat Pro-Administration gain |
John E. Van Alen (P) 56.9%[Note 12] Henry K. Van Rensselaer (A) 42.5% Thomas Sickles (A) 0.6% | ||
New York 8 | None (District created) | New seat Pro-Administration gain |
Henry Glen (P) 63.8% Jeremiah Van Rensselaer (A) 36.2% | ||
New York 9 | James Gordon Redistricted from the 6th district |
Pro-Administration | 1790 | Re-elected | James Gordon (P) 46.0% John Williams (A) 41.2% John M. Thompson (A) 12.8% |
New York 10 | None (District created) | New seat Pro-Administration gain |
Silas Talbot (P) 34.1% William Cooper (P) 26.6% John Winn (A) 25.7% Andrew Fink (A) 11.3% Josiah Crane (A) 2.4% |
Silas Talbot (P) of the 10th district subsequently resigned from the House to take a Naval appointment June, 1794, no special election held so his seat was vacant for part of the Third Congress
North Carolina
Following the Census of 1790, North Carolina's apportionment increased from 5 to 10 seats.
District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
North Carolina 1 | None (District created) | New seat Anti-Administration gain |
Joseph McDowell (A)[Note 6] | ||
North Carolina 2 | None (District created) | New seat Anti-Administration gain |
Matthew Locke (A)[Note 6] Alexander[Note 13] (P) Montford Stokes | ||
North Carolina 3 | None (District created) | New seat Anti-Administration gain |
Joseph Winston (A)[Note 6] Jesse Franklin (A) John Williams (A) James Martin Clarke[Note 13] | ||
North Carolina 4 | None (District created) | New seat Anti-Administration gain |
Alexander Mebane (A) 44.8% Stephen Moore (P) 39.0% Ambrose Ramsay 16.2% | ||
North Carolina 5 | Nathaniel Macon Redistricted from the 2nd district |
Anti-Administration | 1791 | Re-elected | Nathaniel Macon (A)[Note 6] |
North Carolina 6 | None (District created) | New seat Anti-Administration gain |
James Gillespie (A)[Note 6] William Henry Hill (P) Benjamin Smith | ||
North Carolina 7 | William B. Grove Redistricted from the 5th district |
Pro-Administration | 1791 | Re-elected | William B. Grove (P) 100%[Note 6] |
North Carolina 8 | None (District created) | New seat Anti-Administration gain |
William J. Dawson (A) 63.8% Stephen Cabarrus (A) 36.1% William Cumming 0.2% | ||
North Carolina 9 | John B. Ashe Redistricted from the 3rd district |
Anti-Administration | 1790 | Lost re-election Anti-Administration hold |
Thomas Blount (A)[Note 6] John B. Ashe (A) John Leigh (P) |
North Carolina 10 | None (District created) | New seat Anti-Administration gain |
Benjamin Williams (A)[Note 6] William Maclure (A) |
Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania switched from using districts to electing its representatives on an at-large basis for the 3rd Congress, just as it had done for the 1st Congress. This would be the last time that Pennsylvania would elect all of its Representatives at-large. Due to re-apportionment following the Census of 1790, Pennsylvania's delegation increased from 8 representatives to 13.
District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates[4] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pennsylvania At-Large 13 seats on a general ticket |
Thomas Fitzsimons Redistricted from the 1st district |
Pro-Administration | 1788 | re-elected | William Findley (A) 8.21% Frederick Muhlenberg (A) 8.01% Daniel Hiester (A) 7.96% William Irvine (A) 7.67% John W. Kittera (P) 7.39% Thomas Hartley (P) 7.06% Peter Muhlenberg (A) 5.40% Thomas Fitzsimons (P) 4.46% Andrew Gregg (A) 4.30% James Armstrong (P) 4.29% William Montgomery (A) 4.22% John Smilie (A) 4.15% Thomas Scott (P) 4.13% Samuel Sitgreaves (P) 3.86% Jonathan D. Sergeant (A) 3.74% John Barclay (A) 3.70% Charles Thomson (A) 3.68% William Bingham (P) 3.59% Henry Wynkoop (P) 3.55% Israel Jacobs (P) 0.65% |
Frederick Muhlenberg Redistricted from the 2nd district |
Anti-Administration | 1788 | re-elected | ||
Israel Jacobs Redistricted from the 3rd district |
Pro-Administration | 1791 | lost re-election Pro-Administration hold | ||
Daniel Hiester Redistricted from the 4th district |
Anti-Administration | 1788 | re-elected | ||
John W. Kittera Redistricted from the 5th district |
Pro-Administration | 1791 | re-elected | ||
Andrew Gregg Redistricted from the 6th district |
Anti-Administration | 1791 | re-elected | ||
Thomas Hartley Redistricted from the 7th district |
Pro-Administration | 1788 | re-elected | ||
William Findley Redistricted from the 8th district |
Anti-Administration | 1791 | re-elected | ||
None (Seat created) | New seat Pro-Administration gain | ||||
None (Seat created) | New seat Anti-Administration gain | ||||
None (Seat created) | New seat Anti-Administration gain | ||||
None (Seat created) | New seat Anti-Administration gain | ||||
None (Seat created) | New seat Anti-Administration gain |
Rhode Island
Rhode Island gained a second representative from the results of the Census of 1790. Rhode Island did not divide itself into districts, but elected two at-large representatives on separate tickets.
District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rhode Island At-Large Seat A | Benjamin Bourne | Pro-Administration | 1790 | Re-elected | Benjamin Bourne (P) 100% |
Rhode Island At-Large Seat B | None (Seat created) | New seat Pro-Administration gain |
Francis Malbone (P)[Note 6] Paul Mumford |
South Carolina
South Carolina gained one representative as a result of the Census of 1790, increasing from 5 to 6.
District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
South Carolina 1 | William L. Smith | Pro-Administration | 1788 | Re-elected | William L. Smith (P) 61.5% Thomas Tudor Tucker (A) 22.2% Jacob Read (P) 16.4% |
Thomas Tudor Tucker Redistricted from the 5th district |
Anti-Administration | 1788 | Lost re-election Anti-Administration loss | ||
South Carolina 2 | None (District created) | New seat Anti-Administration gain |
John Hunter (A)[Note 6] | ||
South Carolina 3 | None (District created) | New seat Anti-Administration gain |
Lemuel Benton (A)[Note 6] | ||
South Carolina 4 | None (District created) | New seat Anti-Administration gain |
Richard Winn (A)[Note 6] | ||
South Carolina 5 | None (District created) | New seat Anti-Administration gain |
Alexander Gillon (A)[Note 6] | ||
South Carolina 6 | None (District created) | New seat Anti-Administration gain |
Andrew Pickens (A)[Note 6] |
On October 6, 1794, Alexander Gillon (A) of the 5th district died. A special election was held to fill the resulting vacancy, which elected Robert Goodloe Harper (P)
Vermont
Vermont's had no apportionment in the House of Representatives before the census of 1790 because it was not admitted to the Union until 1791. Vermont's election laws at the time required a majority to win election to the House of Representatives. If no candidate won a majority, a runoff election was held, which happened in Vermont's 1st district.
District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates[Note 11] | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
First ballot | Second ballot | |||||
Vermont 1 Known as the Western District |
Israel Smith | Anti-Administration | 1791 | Re-elected | Israel Smith (A) 44.2% Matthew Lyon (A) 33.8% Isaac Tichenor (P) 17.8% Samuel Hitchcock 4.2% |
Israel Smith (A) 51.0% Matthew Lyon (A) 44.0% Isaac Tichenor (P) 4.3% Samuel Hitchcock 0.6% Others[Note 14] 0.1% |
Vermont 2 Known as the Eastern District |
Nathaniel Niles | Anti-Administration | 1791 | Re-elected | Nathaniel Niles (A) 60.3% Elijah Paine (P) 14.0% Stephen Jacob 7.7% Paul Brigham (A) 4.4% Samuel Cutler 3.9% Daniel Buck (P) 3.5% Isaac Tichenor (P) 2.2% Others 4.0% |
Virginia
Virginia gained 9 Representatives from the Census of 1790, and in addition, the old 2nd district was lost after its territory became the new State of Kentucky. There were, therefore, 10 new districts created for the 3rd Congress.
District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Virginia 1 | Alexander White | Pro-Administration | 1789 | Lost re-election Anti-Administration gain |
Robert Rutherford (A) 56.6% John Smith (A) 25.8% Alexander White (P) 17.6% |
Virginia 2 | Andrew Moore Redistricted from the 3rd district |
Anti-Administration | 1789 | Re-elected | Andrew Moore (A)[Note 6] |
Virginia 3 | None (District created) | New seat Anti-Administration gain |
Joseph Neville (A)[Note 6] George Jackson (A) Jeremiah Jacobs William MacCleery | ||
Virginia 4 | None (District created) | New seat Anti-Administration gain |
Francis Preston[Note 6][Note 15] (A) Abraham Trigg | ||
Virginia 5 | None (District created) | New seat Pro-Administration gain |
George Hancock (P) 60.5% Charles Clay 34.0% Calohill Minnis 5.5% | ||
Virginia 6 | None (District created) | New seat Anti-Administration gain |
Isaac Coles (A)[Note 6] | ||
Virginia 7 | Abraham B. Venable Redistricted from the 6th district |
Anti-Administration | 1790 | Re-elected | Abraham B. Venable (A)[Note 6] Joseph Wyatt Thomas Scott (P) Tarlton Woodson (P) |
Virginia 8 | None (District created) | New seat Anti-Administration gain |
Thomas Claiborne (A)[Note 6] Richard Kennon Jesse Brown J. Nicholson | ||
Virginia 9 | William B. Giles | Anti-Administration | 1790 | Re-elected | William B. Giles (A)[Note 6] Robert Bolling |
Virginia 10 | None (District created) | New seat Anti-Administration gain |
Carter B. Harrison (A)[Note 6] John H. Briggs | ||
Virginia 11 | Josiah Parker Redistricted from the 8th district |
Anti-Administration | 1789 | Re-elected as Pro-Administration |
Josiah Parker (P[Note 16])[Note 6] John Neirson |
Virginia 12 | John Page Redistricted from the 7th district |
Anti-Administration | 1789 | Re-elected | John Page (A)[Note 6] |
Virginia 13 | Samuel Griffin Redistricted from the 10th district |
Anti-Administration | 1789 | Re-elected as Pro-Administration |
Samuel Griffin (P[Note 17])[Note 6] |
Virginia 14 | None (District created) | New seat Anti-Administration gain |
Francis Walker (A)[Note 6] | ||
Virginia 15 | James Madison, Jr. Redistricted from the 5th district |
Anti-Administration | 1789 | Re-elected | James Madison, Jr. (A)[Note 6] |
Virginia 16 | None (District created) | New seat Anti-Administration gain |
Anthony New (A)[Note 6] John Roane (A) Francis Corbin | ||
Virginia 17 | Richard Bland Lee Redistricted from the 4th district |
Pro-Administration | 1789 | Re-elected | Richard Bland Lee (P)[Note 6] |
Virginia 18 | None (District created) | New seat Anti-Administration gain |
John Nicholas (A)[Note 6] William Pickett | ||
Virginia 19 | None (District created) | New seat Anti-Administration gain |
John Heath (A)[Note 6] Walter Jones (A) Francis L. Lee |
See also
Notes
- 1 2 Changed from district method
- ↑ Changed from combined at-large/district method
- ↑ 3 Plural districts plus 1 Representatives elected at-large
- ↑ Majority required for election, two additional trials were held on January 14, 1793 and April 1, 1793
- ↑ Majority required for election which was not met in one of the districts, a second trial was held on March 20, 1793
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 Source does not give numbers of votes or has incomplete data
- 1 2 3 4 Elected in subsequent special election
- ↑ Election successfully contested
- ↑ Successfully contested election
- ↑ Also elected in a special election to fill vacancy left when Seney resigned his seat in December, 1792
- 1 2 Only candidates with at least 1% of the vote listed
- ↑ Election was subsequently challenged by Van Rensselaer who claimed electoral irregularities, election was upheld by the House
- 1 2 Source does not give full name
- ↑ Four individuals received 1 vote each
- ↑ Election unsuccessfully contested by Trigg
- ↑ Had previously been Anti-Administration, but switched to Pro-Administration/Federalist from this point on
- ↑ Had been Anti-Administration in the previous election
References
Bibliography
- "A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787-1825". Tufts Digital Library, Tufts University. Retrieved January 17, 2015.
- Dubin, Michael J. (March 1, 1998). United States Congressional Elections, 1788-1997: The Official Results of the Elections of the 1st Through 105th Congresses. McFarland and Company. ISBN 978-0786402830.
- Martis, Kenneth C. (January 1, 1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress, 1789-1989. Macmillan Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0029201701.
- "Party Divisions of the House of Representatives* 1789–Present". Office of the Historian, United States House of Representatives. Retrieved January 21, 2015.
External links
- Office of the Historian (Office of Art & Archives, Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives)