United States Senate elections, 1794 and 1795
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The United States Senate elections of 1794 and 1795 were elections that had the formation of organized political parties in the United States, with the Federalist Party emerging from the Pro Administration coalition, and the Democratic-Republican Party emerging from the Anti-Administration coalition.
As these elections were prior to ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment, Senators were chosen by State legislatures.
Results summary
Senate Party Division, 4th Congress (1795–1797)
- Majority Party: Federalist (20)
- Minority Party: Democratic-Republican (10)
- Other Parties: 0
- Total Seats: 30
Change in Senate composition
Before the elections
Note: There were no political parties in the 3rd Congress. Members are informally grouped here into factions of similar interest, based on an analysis of their voting record.[1]
After the April 24, 1794 special election in Pennsylvania.
A5 | A4 | A3 | A2 | A1 | |||||
A6 | A7 | A8 | A9 Ran |
A10 Ran |
A11 Ran |
A12 Unknown |
A13 Unknown |
V1 | P16 Unknown |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Majority → | |||||||||
P6 | P7 | P8 | P9 | P10 | P11 | P12 | P13 Ran |
P14 Ran |
P15 Retired |
P5 | P4 | P3 | P2 | P1 |
Results of the elections
A5 | A4 | A3 | A2 | A1 | |||||
A6 | A7 | A8 | DR1 Gain |
DR2 Gain |
V1 | F8 Gain |
F7 Gain |
F6 Gain |
F5 Gain |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
F4 Gain | |||||||||
P6 | P7 | P8 | P9 | P10 | P11 | F1 Gain |
F2 Gain |
F3 Gain | |
P5 | P4 | P3 | P2 | P1 |
Beginning of the next Congress
DR5 Changed |
DR4 Changed |
DR3 Changed |
DR2 Changed |
DR1 Changed | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
DR6 Changed |
DR7 Changed |
DR8 Changed |
DR9 | DR10 | F20 Gain |
F19 | F18 | F17 | F16 |
Majority → | |||||||||
F6 Changed |
F7 Changed |
F8 Changed |
F9 Changed |
F10 Changed |
F10 Changed |
F12 | F13 | F14 | F15 |
F5 Changed |
F4 Changed |
F3 Changed |
F2 Changed |
F1 Changed |
Key: |
|
---|
Race summaries
Special elections during the 3rd Congress
In these special elections, the winner was seated before March 4, 1795; ordered by election date.
State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
Pennsylvania (Class 1) |
Albert Gallatin | Anti-Administration | 1793 (Special) | Incumbent disqualified February 28, 1794. Winner elected March 31, 1794. Pro-Administration gain. Winner would become a Federalist in the next Congress. |
√ James Ross (Federalist) 51.72% Robert Coleman (Unknown) 40.23% Samuel Sitgreaves (Federalist) 1.15% Not voting 6.7% |
Virginia (Class 1) |
James Monroe | Anti-Administration | 1790 (Special) | Incumbent resigned May 11, 1794 to become U.S. Minister to France. Winner elected November 18, 1794. Anti-Administration gain. Winner would become a Democratic-Republican in the next Congress. |
√ Stevens Thomson Mason (Anti-Administration) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!] |
Virginia (Class 2) |
John Taylor | Anti-Administration | 1792 (Special) | Incumbent resigned May 11, 1794. Winner elected November 18, 1794. Anti-Administration gain. Winner would become a Democratic-Republican in the next Congress. |
√ Henry Tazewell (Anti-Administration) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!] |
Delaware (Class 1) |
Vacant | George Read (P) had resigned September 18, 1793 to become Chief Justice of Delaware. Winner was elected February 7, 1795. Pro-Administration gain. Winner would become a Federalist in the next Congress. |
√ Henry Latimer (Pro-Administration) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!] |
Races leading to the 4th Congress
In these general elections, the winner was seated on March 4, 1795; ordered by state.
All of the elections involved the Class 3 seats.
State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
Connecticut | Stephen Mitchell | Pro-Administration | 1793 (Appointed) | Incumbent appointee retired. Winner's election date unknown. Federalist gain. |
√ Jonathan Trumbull, Jr. (Federalist) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!] |
Georgia | James Gunn | Anti-Administration | 1789 | Incumbent re-elected in 1795 to a new party. Federalist gain. |
√ James Gunn (Federalist) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!] |
Kentucky | John Edwards | Anti-Administration | 1792 (New state) | Unknown if incumbent retired or lost re-election. Winner elected in 1794. Federalist gain. |
√ Humphrey Marshall (Federalist) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!] |
Maryland | John Henry | Pro-Administration | 1789 | Incumbent re-elected in 1795 to a new party. Federalist gain. |
√ John Henry (Federalist) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!] |
New Hampshire | John Langdon | Anti-Administration | 1788 | Incumbent re-election date to a new party unknown. Democratic-Republican gain. |
√ John Langdon (Democratic-Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!] |
New York | Rufus King | Pro-Administration | 1789 | Incumbent re-elected January 27, 1795 to a new party. Federalist gain. |
√ Rufus King (Federalist) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!] |
North Carolina | Benjamin Hawkins | Anti-Administration | 1789 | Unknown if incumbent retired or lost re-election. Winner elected in 1794. Democratic-Republican gain. |
√ Timothy Bloodworth (Democratic-Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!] |
Pennsylvania | Robert Morris | Pro-Administration | 1788 | Incumbent retired. Winner elected February 26, 1795. Federalist gain. |
√ William Bingham (Federalist) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!] |
South Carolina | Ralph Izard | Pro-Administration | 1789 | Unknown if incumbent retired or lost re-election. Winner's election date unknown. Federalist gain. |
√ Jacob Read (Federalist) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!] |
Vermont | Stephen R. Bradley | Anti-Administration | 1791 (New state) | Incumbent lost re-election. Winner elected in 1794. Federalist gain. |
√ Elijah Paine (Federalist) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!] |
Elections during the 4th Congress
There were no elections in 1795 after March 4.
See also
References
- ↑ Martis, Kenneth C. The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress.
- Party Division in the Senate, 1789-Present, via Senate.gov