United States Senate elections, 1912 and 1913

U.S Senate elections, 1912 and 1913

Various dates throughout 1912 and 1913

34 of the 96 seats in the United States Senate 49 seats needed for a majority   Majority party Minority party Third party   Party Democratic Republican Progressive Last election 44 seats 48 seats 0 seats Seats before 46 48 2 Seats won 51 44 1 Seat change 5 4 1

Democrat re-elected/hold   Democratic gain   Republican re-elected/hold   Republican gain

Majority party before election Republican Elected Majority party Democratic

In the United States Senate elections of 1912 and 1913, held on November 5, Democrats gained control of the Senate from the Republicans. This coincided with Democrat Woodrow Wilson's victory in the presidential election amid a divide in the Republican Party. In the Senate, Joseph M. Dixon and Miles Poindexter defected from the Republican Party and joined Theodore Roosevelt's new Progressive Party. Dixon, however, lost his seat during this election.

Some states elected their Senators directly even before passage of the 17th Amendment in 1913. Oregon pioneered direct election and experimented with different measures over several years until it succeeded in 1907. Soon after, Nebraska followed suit and laid the foundation for other states to adopt measures reflecting the people's will. By 1912, as many as 29 states elected senators either as nominees of their party's primary or in conjunction with a general election.

This was the first time in 20 years that the Democrats won a majority in the Senate.

Results summary

Parties		Total Seats
		Incumbents	This election						Result	+/-
			Not up	Up	Re- elected	Held	Gained	Lost
	Democratic	46	32	14	7	4	9	2	51	5
	Republican	48	29	19	6	4	2	8	44	4
	Progressive	2	1	1	0	0		1	1	1
	Others	0	0	0	0	0			0
Total		96	62	34	13	8	11	11	96

Change in Senate composition

Each box listed contains the state's postal abbreviation and Senate class number.

Before the elections

After the March 1912 elections to elect Senators from the new states of New Mexico and Arizona.

D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8 D18 D17 D16 D15 D14 D13 D12 D11 D10 D9 D19 D20 D21 D22 D23 D24 D25 D26 D27 D28 D38 D37 D36 D35 D34 D33 D32 D31 D30 D29 D39 D40 D41 D42 D43 D44 V1 V2 R50 R49 Majority → R48 R39 R40 R41 R42 R43 R44 R45 R46 R47 R38 R37 R36 R35 R34 R33 R32 R31 R30 R29 R19 R20 R21 R22 R23 R24 R25 R26 R27 R28 R18 R17 R16 R15 R14 R13 R12 R11 R10 R9 R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R6 R7 R8

Notes: V1 (Colorado class 3 seat): Democratic Senator died January 15, 1911, and the seat remained vacant. V2 (Illinois class 3 seat): Republican Senator's 1909 election was voided July 13, 1912, and the seat remained vacant.

Beginning of the next Congress

D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8 D18 D17 D16 D15 D14 D13 D12 D11 D10 D9 + D19 D20 + D21 D22 D23 D24 D25 D26 D27 D28 D38 O* D37 √ D36 √ D35 √ D34 √ D33 √ D32 √ D31 D30 D29 D39 O D40 O D41 O D42 O D43 + D44 + (D45 +)* D46 + D47 + (D48 +)* Majority → R38 √ R39 O R40 O R41 O R42 O (R43 +)* R44 + D51 + D50 + D49 + R37 √ R36 √ R35 √ R34 √ R33 √ R32 R31 R30 R29 R28 R18 + (R19)* R20 R21 R22 R23 R24 R25 R26 R27 R17 R16 R15 R14 R13 R12 R11 R10 R9 R8 P1 R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R6 R7

Notes: D10+ (Nevada class 1 seat): Republican appointee lost a special election January 23, 1913 to finish the term. D21O (Colorado class 3 seat): Democratic incumbent had died back in 1911. Winner elected January 15, 1913. D39O (Arkansas class 2 seat): Democratic incumbent won re-election, but died. Winner elected January 29, 1913 to the next term.. D46+ (Illinois class 2 seat): Winner was elected late, so the seat was vacant when the Congress began. D49+ (New Hampshire class 2 seat): Winner was elected late, so the seat was vacant when the Congress began. R5+ (Maryland class 1 seat): Democratic incumbent died November 25, 1912 and was replaced by Republican appointee November 29, 1912. R17+ (Idaho class 3 seat): Democratic appointee lost a special election January 24, 1913 to finish the term. R18+ (Illinois class 3 seat): Winner was elected late, so the seat was vacant when the Congress began. R42+ (West Virginia class 2 seat): Winner was elected late, so the seat was vacant when the Congress began. P1+ (Washington class 1 seat): Miles Poindexter, who was not up for election this cycle, changed parties from Republican to Progressive in the next Congress.

Key:	D# Democratic P# Progressive R# Republican V# Vacant	√ Party hold: Incumbent re-elected or appointee elected to full term O Party hold: New senator elected from same party + Party gain: New senator elected from different party No tag Seat not up for election this time

Complete list of races

Bold states link to specific election articles.

Special elections during the 62nd Congress

In these special elections, the winners were seated during 1912 or before March 4, 1913; ordered by election date.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
	Senator	Party	Electoral history
New Mexico (Class 1)	New seat			New senator elected in 1912. Republican gain.	√ Thomas B. Catron (Republican) Unopposed[1]
New Mexico (Class 2)	New seat			New senator elected in 1912. Republican gain. Winner was also subsequently re-elected in November (see below).	√ Albert B. Fall (Republican) Unopposed[2]
Arizona (Class 1)	New seat			New senator elected March 27, 1912. Democratic gain.	√ Henry F. Ashurst (Democratic) 50.00% Ralph Cameron (Republican) 44.33% E. Johnson (Socialist) 5.67%[3]
Arizona (Class 3)	New seat			New senator won popular election December 12, 1911.[4] Election was ratified by the state legislature March 27, 1912. Democratic gain.	√ Marcus A. Smith (Democratic) 50.35% Hoval A. Smith (Republican) 43.84% E.B. Simonton (Socialist) 5.8%[3]
Maine (Class 2)	Obadiah Gardner	Democratic	1911 (Appointed)	Interim appointee elected April 2, 1912.[5]	√ Obadiah Gardner (Democratic) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Colorado (Class 3)	Vacant			Charles J. Hughes, Jr. (D) had died January 11, 1911. New senator elected January 15, 1913. Democratic gain.	√ Charles S. Thomas (Democratic) Unopposed[6]
Nevada (Class 1)	William A. Massey	Republican	1912 (Appointed)	Interim appointee lost election to finish the term. New senator elected[7] January 23, 1913. Democratic gain.	√ Key Pittman (Democratic) 39.78% William A. Massey (Republican) 39.34% G. A. Steele (Socialist) 13.73% S. Summerfield (Progressive) 7.15%[8]
Tennessee (Class 2)	Newell Sanders	Republican	1912 (Appointed)	Interim appointee retired when elected successor qualified. New senator elected January 23, 1913 to finish the term, but did not run for election to the following term (see below). Democratic gain.	√ William R. Webb (Democratic)
Texas (Class 2)	Rienzi Johnston	Democratic	1912 (Appointed)	Interim appointee retired when elected successor qualified. New senator elected January 23, 1913 to finish the term, as well as to the next term (see below). Democratic hold.	√ Morris Sheppard (Democratic) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Idaho (Class 3)	Kirtland I. Perky	Democratic	1912 (Appointed)	Interim appointee lost election to finish the term. New senator elected January 24, 1913 to finish the term ending March 4, 1915. Republican gain.	√ James H. Brady (Republican) Unopposed[9]
Arkansas (Class 2)	John N. Heiskell	Democratic	1913 (Appointed)	Predecessor Jeff Davis (D) had died January 3, 1913 and interim senator was appointed January 6, 1913 to continue the term, but did not run to finish the term (see below). New senator elected January 27, 1913 to finish the term. Democratic hold.	√ William Kavanaugh (Democratic) Unopposed[10]

Races leading to the 63rd Congress

In these general elections, the winner was seated on March 4, 1913; ordered by state.

All of the elections involved the Class 2 seats.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
	Senator	Party	Electoral history
Alabama	John H. Bankhead	Democratic	[Data unknown/missing. You can help!]	Incumbent re-elected.	√ John H. Bankhead (Democratic) Unopposed[11]
Arkansas	Jeff Davis	Democratic	[Data unknown/missing. You can help!]	Incumbent re-elected, but died January 3, 1913. Winner elected January 29, 1913 to the next term. Democratic hold.	√ Joseph T. Robinson (Democratic) Unopposed[12]
Colorado	Simon Guggenheim	Republican	[Data unknown/missing. You can help!]	Incumbent retired.[7] Democratic gain.	√ John F. Shafroth (Democratic) 47.34% Clyde Dawson (Republican) 26.8% Frank Catlin (Progressive) 23.48% Mary E. Miller (Prohibition) 2.38%[13]
Delaware	Harry A. Richardson	Republican	[Data unknown/missing. You can help!]	Incumbent retired. Democratic gain.	√ Willard Saulsbury, Jr. (Democratic) Unopposed[14]
Georgia	Augustus Bacon	Democratic	1894 1900 1906	Incumbent re-elected July 15, 1912.	√ Augustus Bacon (Democratic) Unopposed[15]
Idaho	William Borah	Republican	1907 1912	Incumbent re-elected.	√ William Borah (Republican) Unopposed[16]
Illinois	Shelby M. Cullom	Republican	[Data unknown/missing. You can help!]	Incumbent lost renomination[17] Democratic gain.	√ J. Hamilton Lewis (Democratic) 80.39% Frank H. Funk (Progressive) 10.78% Lawrence Y. Sherman (Republican) 4.41% Abstained 2.45% Bernard Berlyn (Socialist) 1.96%[17]
Iowa	William S. Kenyon	Republican	[Data unknown/missing. You can help!]	Incumbent re-elected.	√ William S. Kenyon (Republican) Unopposed[18]
Kansas	Charles Curtis	Republican	[Data unknown/missing. You can help!]	Incumbent lost renomination.[7] Democratic gain.	√ William H. Thompson (Democratic) 49.34% Walter R. Stubbs (Republican) 43.35% Allan Ricker (Socialist) 7.32%[19]
Kentucky	Thomas H. Paynter	Democratic	[Data unknown/missing. You can help!]	Incumbent retired. Democratic hold.	√ Ollie James (Democratic) Unopposed[20]
Louisiana	Murphy J. Foster	Democratic	[Data unknown/missing. You can help!]	Incumbent lost renomination. Democratic hold.	√ Joseph E. Ransdell (Democratic) Unopposed[21]
Maine	Obadiah Gardner	Democratic	1911 (Appointed) 1912 (Special)	Incumbent lost re-election. Winner elected in 1912. Republican gain.	√ Edwin C. Burleigh (Republican) Obadiah Gardner (Democratic)[22]
Massachusetts	Winthrop M. Crane	Republican	[Data unknown/missing. You can help!]	Incumbent retired. Republican hold.	√ John W. Weeks (Republican) Unopposed[23]
Michigan	William A. Smith	Republican	[Data unknown/missing. You can help!]	Incumbent re-elected.	√ William A. Smith (Republican) Unopposed[24]
Minnesota	Knute Nelson	Republican	1895 1901 1907	Incumbent re-elected.[7]	√ Knute Nelson (Republican) 62.8% Daniel Lawler (Democratic) 37.2%[25]
Mississippi	LeRoy Percy	Democratic	[Data unknown/missing. You can help!]	Incumbent lost renomination. Democratic hold.	√ James K. Vardaman (Democratic) Unopposed[26]
Montana	Joseph M. Dixon	Republican	[Data unknown/missing. You can help!]	Incumbent lost re-election as a Progressive.[7] Democratic gain.	√ Thomas J. Walsh (Democratic) 41.17% Joseph M. Dixon (Progressive) 32.1% Henry C. Smith (Republican) 26.73%[27]
Nebraska	Norris Brown	Republican	[Data unknown/missing. You can help!]	Incumbent lost renomination[28] Republican hold.	√ George W. Norris (Republican) Ashton C. Shallenberger (Democratic)[29]
New Hampshire	Henry E. Burnham	Republican	[Data unknown/missing. You can help!]	Incumbent retired. Democratic gain.	√ Henry F. Hollis (Democratic) 50.94% John H. Bartlett (Republican) 32.62% Henry B. Quinby (Republican) 4.85% Edward N. Pearson (Republican) 3.77% Robert P. Bass (Progressive) 3.24% Sherman E. Burroughs (Republican) 1.35% Gordon Woodbury (Democratic) 0.81% Clarence Carr (Democratic) 0.54% William Swart (Independent) 0.54%[30]
New Jersey	Frank O. Briggs	Republican	[Data unknown/missing. You can help!]	Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain.	√ William Hughes (Democratic)[31]
New Mexico	Albert B. Fall	Republican	[Data unknown/missing. You can help!]	Incumbent re-elected.	√ Albert B. Fall (Republican) Unopposed[32]
North Carolina	Furnifold Simmons	Democratic	[Data unknown/missing. You can help!]	Incumbent re-elected.	√ Furnifold Simmons (Democratic) Unopposed[33]
Oklahoma	Robert L. Owen	Democratic	[Data unknown/missing. You can help!]	Incumbent re-elected.[7]	√ Robert L. Owen (Democratic) 50.43% Joseph Dickerson (Republican) 33.28% John Wills (Socialist) 16.3%[34]
Oregon	Jonathan Bourne, Jr.	Republican	[Data unknown/missing. You can help!]	Incumbent lost renomination and then lost re-election as Progressive.[7] Democratic gain.	√ Harry Lane (Democratic) 30.07% Ben Selling (Republican) 28.79% Jonathan Bourne, Jr. (Progressive) 19.41% Benjamin Ramp (Socialist) 8.31% A. E. Clark (Progressive-WI) 8.3% B. Lee Paget (Prohibition) 5.13%[35]
Rhode Island	George P. Wetmore	Republican	[Data unknown/missing. You can help!]	Incumbent retired. Republican hold.	√ LeBaron B. Colt (Republican) Unopposed[36]
South Carolina	Benjamin Tillman	Democratic	[Data unknown/missing. You can help!]	Incumbent re-elected.	√ Benjamin Tillman (Democratic) Unopposed
South Dakota	Robert J. Gamble	Republican	[Data unknown/missing. You can help!]	Incumbent lost renomination[37] Republican hold.	√ Thomas Sterling (Republican) Unopposed[38]
Tennessee	Newell Sanders	Republican	1912 (Appointed)	Appointee retired and was replaced by William R. Webb (D), a successor elected to finish the term ending March 3, 1913, who did not run for the following term (see above). Winner elected to the following term. Democratic gain.	√ John K. Shields (Democratic) Unopposed[39]
Texas	Joseph W. Bailey	Democratic	1901 1907	Incumbent retired and then resigned after the election. Winner was also appointed to finish the current term. Democratic hold.	√ Morris Sheppard (Democratic) Unopposed[40]
Virginia	Thomas S. Martin	Democratic	1893 (Early) 1899 (Early) 1906	Incumbent re-elected.	√ Thomas S. Martin (Democratic) Unopposed[41]
West Virginia	Clarence Watson	Democratic	[Data unknown/missing. You can help!]	Incumbent lost re-election. Republican gain.	√ Nathan Goff, Jr. (Republican)[42]
Wyoming	Francis E. Warren	Republican	1895 1901 1907	Incumbent re-elected in 1913.	√ Francis E. Warren (Republican) Unopposed[43]

Special elections during the 63rd Congress

In these special elections, the winners were seated in 1913 after March 4; ordered by election date.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
	Senator	Party	Electoral history
Illinois (Class 3)	Vacant			1909 election of William Lorimer (R) voided July 13, 1912. Winner elected March 26, 1913 to finish the term ending March 4, 1915. Republican hold.	√ Lawrence Y. Sherman (Republican) 70.1% Charles Boeschenstein (Democratic) 12.25% Frank H. Funk (Republican) 10.78% Abstaining 4.41% ? McDonald (Socialist) 1.96% John Fitzpatrick (Democratic) 0.49%[44]
Maryland (Class 1)	William P. Jackson	Republican	1912 (Appointed)	Appointee retired when elected successor qualified. Winner elected November 4, 1913 to finish the term ending March 4, 1917. Winner did not qualify until January 28, 1914.[45] Democratic gain.	√ Blair Lee (Democratic) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]

References

1. "NM US Senate". Our Campaigns. Retrieved October 3, 2013.
2. "NM US Senate". Our Campaigns. Retrieved October 3, 2013.
3. "AZ US Senate". Our Campaigns. Retrieved October 3, 2013.
4. http://www.ourcampaigns.com/ContainerHistory.html?ContainerID=198
5. Byrd & Wolff, p. 118
6. http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=333039
7. Senator was selected by some form of direct voting and then subsequently elected by state legislatures.
8. http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=36483
9. http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=391403
10. http://www.ourcampaigns.com/CandidateDetail.html?CandidateID=134481
11. "AL US Senate". Our Campaigns. Retrieved October 3, 2013.
12. http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=332758
13. "CO US Senate". Our Campaigns. Retrieved October 3, 2013.
14. "DE US Senate". Our Campaigns. Retrieved October 3, 2013.
15. "GA US Senate". Our Campaigns. Retrieved October 3, 2013.
16. "ID US Senate". Our Campaigns. Retrieved October 3, 2013.
17. "Senate Class II - History". Our Campaigns. Retrieved October 3, 2013.
18. "IA US Senate". Our Campaigns. Retrieved October 3, 2013.
19. "KS US Senate". Our Campaigns. Retrieved October 3, 2013.
20. "KY US Senate". Our Campaigns. Retrieved October 3, 2013.
21. "LA US Senate". Our Campaigns. Retrieved October 3, 2013.
22. "ME US Senate". Our Campaigns. Retrieved October 3, 2013.
23. "MA US Senate". Our Campaigns. Retrieved October 3, 2013.
24. "MI US Senate". Our Campaigns. Retrieved October 3, 2013.
25. "MN US Senate". Our Campaigns. Retrieved October 3, 2013.
26. "MS US Senate". Our Campaigns. Retrieved October 3, 2013.
27. "MT US Senate". Our Campaigns. Retrieved October 3, 2013.
28. "NE US Senate". Our Campaigns. Retrieved October 3, 2013.
29. "NE US Senate". Our Campaigns. Retrieved October 3, 2013.
30. "NH US Senate". Our Campaigns. Retrieved October 3, 2013.
31. "NJ US Senate". Our Campaigns. Retrieved October 3, 2013.
32. "NM US Senate". Our Campaigns. Retrieved October 3, 2013.
33. "NC US Senate". Our Campaigns. Retrieved October 3, 2013.
34. "OK US Senate". Our Campaigns. Retrieved October 3, 2013.
35. "OR US Senate". Our Campaigns. Retrieved October 3, 2013.
36. "RI US Senate". Our Campaigns. Retrieved October 3, 2013.
37. "SD US Senate - R Primary". Our Campaigns. Retrieved September 28, 2013.
38. "SD US Senate". Our Campaigns. Retrieved September 28, 2013.
39. "TN US Senate". Our Campaigns. Retrieved October 3, 2013.
40. "TX US Senate". Our Campaigns. Retrieved October 3, 2013.
41. "VA US Senate". Our Campaigns. Retrieved October 3, 2013.
42. "WV US Senate". Our Campaigns. Retrieved October 3, 2013.
43. "WY US Senate". Our Campaigns. Retrieved October 3, 2013.
44. "Senate Class III - History". Our Campaigns. Retrieved October 3, 2013.
45. The Election Case of William P. Jackson v. Blair Lee of Maryland (1914)

Source: United States Senate Official Website

See also

• United States elections, 1912
  • United States House of Representatives elections, 1912
  • United States presidential election, 1912
• 62nd United States Congress
• 63rd United States Congress