Vrind

Vrind (1643–1723) was an Indian saint and poet in Hindi language from Marwar, in present Rajasthan. He was an important poet of the Ritikal period of Hindi literature, known for his poems on ethics (Niti), and most known for his work Nitisatsai (1704), a collection of 700 aphorisms.[1][2] He was the guru of Raj Singh (r. 1706–1748), ruler of Kishangarh, where he was court poet.[1]

Like his contemporaries, Mati Ram, Rasnidhi and Ram Sahay, his doha poetry was primarily in Braj Bhasha dialect. It was deeply influenced by Bihari, noted poet of the preceding generation.[3] He was a prolific poet and through his career worked for various patrons. His notable works include Vrind Satsai, a didactic work, Shringar shiksha, Bhava panchasika (Fifty Verse of Bhava), Rupak chayanika, Alamkaar satsai and Hitopdesh natak, based on Hitopadesha, a collection of Sanskrit fables.[1] Shringar shiksha (Instruction in Passion), a treatise of Nayika Bheda was written in 1691 for a prominent Muslim patron in Ajmer.[4][5]

After serving in Kishangarh, he moved to Delhi in 1673, where he was hired to tutor Azim-ush-Shan, son of Azam Shah and grandson of Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb.[6] Azam Shah later succeeded his father, and was a great enthusiast of Braj poetry, and in time Azim us-Shan become patron of Vrind. In 1697, Azim ush-Shan was made Governor of Bengal, thus Vrind too shifted to Dhaka. During this period, he completed his most noted work, Nitisatsai (Seven Hundred Verses of Ethics) in 1704.[4]

Works

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 Sujit Mukherjee (1998). A Dictionary of Indian Literature: Beginnings-1850. Orient Blackswan. pp. 425–. ISBN 978-81-250-1453-9.
  2. ↑ Medieval Indian Literature: Surveys and selections. Sahitya Akademi. 1 January 1997. pp. 161–. ISBN 978-81-260-0365-5.
  3. ↑ Mohan Lal (1 January 2006). The Encyclopaedia Of Indian Literature (Volume Five (Sasay To Zorgot). Sahitya Akademi. pp. 3865–. ISBN 978-81-260-1221-3.
  4. 1 2 Allison Busch (2011). Poetry of Kings: The Classical Hindi Literature of Mughal India. Oxford University Press. pp. 159–160. ISBN 978-0-19-976592-8.
  5. ↑ Shreekant Kumar Chandan. "Introducing Braj bhasha archive for the study of the history of Mughal India". International Research Journal of Management Sociology and Humanity, Vol 5, Issue 3, 2014. p. 357. Archived from the original on 2014. Retrieved 2014-11-28.
  6. ↑ Heidi Rika Maria Pauwels (2009). Patronage and Popularisation, Pilgrimage and Procession. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. pp. 36–. ISBN 978-3-447-05723-3.


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