Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug

Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug Ямало-Ненецкий автономный округ (Russian)
—  Autonomous okrug  —
Flag Coat of arms
Anthem: Anthem of Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug[1]
Coordinates: 67°15′N 74°40′E / 67.250°N 74.667°ECoordinates: 67°15′N 74°40′E / 67.250°N 74.667°E
Political status
Country	Russia
Federal district	Ural[2]
Economic region	West Siberian[3]
Established	December 10, 1930[4]
Administrative center	Salekhard[5]
Government (as of April 2015)
• Governor[6]	Dmitry Kobylkin[7]
• Legislature	Legislative Assembly[6]
Statistics
Area (as of the 2002 Census)[8]
• Total	750,300 km^2 (289,700 sq mi)
Area rank	6th
Population (2010 Census)[9]
• Total	522,904
• Rank	71st
• Density[10]	0.7/km^2 (1.8/sq mi)
• Urban	84.7%
• Rural	15.3%
Population (January 2015 est.)
• Total	540,000[11]
Time zone(s)	YEKT (UTC+05:00)[12]
ISO 3166-2	RU-YAN
License plates	89
Official languages	Russian[13]
Official website

Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug (Russian: Яма́ло-Не́нецкий автоно́мный о́круг, Yamalo-Nenetsky Avtonomny Okrug; Nenets: Ямалы-Ненёцие автономной ӈокрук, Jamaly-Nenjocije awtonomnoj ñokruk) is a federal subject of Russia (an autonomous okrug of Tyumen Oblast). Its administrative center is the town of Salekhard, and its largest city is Noyabrsk. Population: 522,904 (2010 Census).^[9]

Geography and natural history

Map of Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug

The Nenets people are an indigenous tribe that have long survived in this region. Their prehistoric life involved subsistence hunting and gathering, including the taking of polar bears; the practice of hunting polar bears (Ursus maritimus) continues up to the present time.^[14]

Yamalo-Nenetsky Avtonomny Okrug is traversed by the northeasterly line of equal latitude and longitude.

History

On December 10, 1930, Yamal (Nenets) National Okrug (Ямальский (Ненецкий) национальный округ) was formed based on Ural Oblast.

Administrative divisions

Demographics

Population: 522,904 (2010 Census);^[9] 507,006 (2002 Census);^[15] 486,164 (1989 Census).^[16]

Vital statistics

Source: Russian Federal State Statistics Service

	Average population (x 1000)	Live births	Deaths	Natural change	Crude birth rate (per 1000)	Crude death rate (per 1000)	Natural change (per 1000)
1970	84	1 683	879	804	20.0	10.5	9.6
1975	127	2 307	819	1 488	18.2	6.4	11.7
1980	194	3 347	1 178	2 169	17.3	6.1	11.2
1985	374	7 838	1 555	6 283	21.0	4.2	16.8
1990	489	8 032	1 631	6 401	16.4	3.3	13.1
1991	483	7 121	1 623	5 498	14.7	3.4	11.4
1992	470	6 123	2 108	4 015	13.0	4.5	8.5
1993	466	5 697	2 764	2 933	12.2	5.9	6.3
1994	473	6 274	2 998	3 276	13.3	6.3	6.9
1995	483	6 337	3 107	3 230	13.1	6.4	6.7
1996	489	6 241	3 004	3 237	12.8	6.1	6.6
1997	495	6 208	2 715	3 493	12.5	5.5	7.1
1998	498	6 395	2 544	3 851	12.8	5.1	7.7
1999	498	6 071	2 608	3 463	12.2	5.2	7.0
2000	497	5 839	2 763	3 076	11.7	5.6	6.2
2001	501	6 388	3 057	3 331	12.8	6.1	6.7
2002	506	6 635	2 934	3 701	13.1	5.8	7.3
2003	510	7 163	3 093	4 070	14.1	6.1	8.0
2004	511	7 264	2 975	4 289	14.2	5.8	8.4
2005	512	7 148	3 099	4 049	14.0	6.0	7.9
2006	513	7 036	3 000	4 036	13.7	5.8	7.9
2007	515	7 700	2 937	4 763	14.9	5.7	9.2
2008	517	7 892	2 959	4 933	15.3	5.7	9.5
2009	519	8 216	2 924	5 292	15.8	5.6	10.2
2010	522	8 263	2 873	5 390	15.8	5.5	10.3

Regional demographics for 2008 (Jan-Oct)^[17]

Raion	Pp (2007)	Births	Deaths	Growth	BR	DR	NGR
Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug	538,600	5,814	2,202	3,612	14.39	5.45	0.89%
Salekhard	40,500	499	256	243	16.43	8.43	0.80%
Gubkinsky	22,300	263	71	192	15.72	4.25	1.15%
Labytnangi	27,700	333	212	121	16.03	10.20	0.58%
Muravlenko	37,000	361	104	257	13.01	3.75	0.93%
Nadym	48,500	443	197	246	12.18	5.42	0.68%
Novy Urengoy	117,000	1122	334	788	12.79	3.81	0.90%
Noyabrsk	109,900	1029	384	645	12.48	4.66	0.78%
Krasnoselkupsky	6,200	99	41	58	21.29	8.82	1.25%
Nadymsky	21,300	221	67	154	13.83	4.19	0.96%
Priuralsky	15,300	179	72	107	15.60	6.27	0.93%
Purovsky	49,900	548	195	353	14.64	5.21	0.94%
Tazovsky	17,200	268	92	176	20.78	7.13	1.36%
Shuryshkarsky	9,900	144	69	75	19.39	9.29	1.01%
Yamalsky	15,900	305	108	197	25.58	9.06	1.65%

Ethnic groups

The Nenets make up 5.9% of the population, preceded by ethnic Russians (61.7%), Ukrainians (9.7%), and followed by Tatars (5.6%). Other prominent ethnic groups include Belarusians (1.3%), Khants (1.9%), Azerbaijanis (1.8%), Bashkirs (1.7%), Komi (1%), and Moldovans (0.9%) (all figures are from the 2010 Census).^[9] Due to the area's oil and natural gas wealth, it is one of the few places in Russia where the ethnic Russian population is growing.

Ethnic group	1939 Census		1959 Census		1970 Census		1979 Census		1989 Census		2002 Census		2010 Census^1
	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%
Nenets	13,454	29.3%	13,977	22.4%	17,538	21.9%	17,404	11.0%	20,917	4.2%	26,435	5.2%	29,772	5.9%
Khants	5,367	11.7%	5,519	8.9%	6,513	8.1%	6,466	4.1%	7,247	1.5%	8,760	1.7%	9,489	1.9%
Komi	4,722	10.3%	4,866	7.8%	5,445	6.8%	5,642	3.6%	6,000	1.2%	6,177	1.2%	5,141	1.0%
Selkups	87	0.2%	1,245	2.0%	1,710	2.1%	1,611	1.0%	1,530	0.3%	1,797	0.4%	1,988	0.4%
Russians	19,308	42.1%	27,789	44.6%	37,518	46.9%	93,750	59.0%	292,808	59.2%	298,359	58.8%	312,019	61.7%
Ukrainians	395	0.9%	1,921	3.1%	3,026	3.8%	15,721	9.9%	85,022	17.2%	66,080	13.0%	48,985	9.7%
Tatars	1,636	3.6%	3,952	6.3%	4,653	5.8%	8,556	5.4%	26,431	5.3%	27,734	5.5%	28,509	5.6%
Others	871	1.9%	3,065	4.9%	3,574	4.5%	9,694	6.1%	54,889	11.1%	71,664	14.1%	74,625	14.3%
^1 17,517 people were registered from administrative databases, and could not declare an ethnicity. It is estimated that the proportion of ethnicities in this group is the same as that of the declared group.[18]

Religion

Religion in Yamalia (2012)^[19][20]

  Russian Orthodox (42.2%)

  Muslim (18%)

  Unaffiliated Christian (14%)

  Rodnover and local faiths (1%)

  Other Orthodox (1%)

  Old Believers (1%)

  Protestant (1%)

  Spiritual but not religious (14%)

  Atheist (8%)

  Other or undeclared (0.8%)

According to a 2012 survey^[19] 42.2% of the population of Yamalia adheres to the Russian Orthodox Church, 14% are unaffiliated generic Christians, 1% are believers in Orthodox Christianity who don't belong to any church, 1% are members of the Slavic neopaganism (Rodnovery) or practitioners of local shamanic religions, 1% are members of Protestant churches; Muslims, mostly Caucasian peoples and Tatars, make up 18% of the total population. In addition, 14% of the population declares to be "spiritual but not religious", 8% is atheist, and 0.8% follows other religions or did not give an answer to the question.^[19]

Economy

Yamalo-Nenetsky Avtonomny Okrug is Russia's most important source of natural gas, with more than 90% of Russia's natural gas being produced there. The region also accounts for 12% of Russia's oil production.^[21] The region is of utmost importance to Russia's largest company Gazprom, whose main production fields are located there. Novatek – the country's second largest gas producer – is also active in the region, with its headquarteres located in Tarko-Sale.

See also

• List of Chairmen of the Legislative Assembly of Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug

References

Notes

1. Law #119-ZAO
2. Президент Российской Федерации. Указ №849 от 13 мая 2000 г. «О полномочном представителе Президента Российской Федерации в федеральном округе». Вступил в силу 13 мая 2000 г. Опубликован: "Собрание законодательства РФ", №20, ст. 2112, 15 мая 2000 г. (President of the Russian Federation. Decree #849 of May 13, 2000 On the Plenipotentiary Representative of the President of the Russian Federation in a Federal District. Effective as of May 13, 2000.).
3. Госстандарт Российской Федерации. №ОК 024-95 27 декабря 1995 г. «Общероссийский классификатор экономических регионов. 2. Экономические районы», в ред. Изменения №5/2001 ОКЭР. (Gosstandart of the Russian Federation. #OK 024-95 December 27, 1995 Russian Classification of Economic Regions. 2. Economic Regions, as amended by the Amendment #5/2001 OKER. ).
4. Charter of Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Article 1
5. Charter of Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Article 15
6. Charter of Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Article 11
7. Official website of Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. Dmitry Nikolayevich Kobylkin, Governor of Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug (Russian)
8. Федеральная служба государственной статистики (Federal State Statistics Service) (2004-05-21). "Территория, число районов, населённых пунктов и сельских администраций по субъектам Российской Федерации (Territory, Number of Districts, Inhabited Localities, and Rural Administration by Federal Subjects of the Russian Federation)". Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года (All-Russia Population Census of 2002) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved 2011-11-01.
9. Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). "Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1" [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года (2010 All-Russia Population Census) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved June 29, 2012.
10. The density value was calculated by dividing the population reported by the 2010 Census by the area shown in the "Area" field. Please note that this value may not be accurate as the area specified in the infobox is not necessarily reported for the same year as the population.
11. Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug Territorial Branch of the Federal State Statistics Service. Численность населения (Russian)
12. Правительство Российской Федерации. Федеральный закон №107-ФЗ от 3 июня 2011 г. «Об исчислении времени», в ред. Федерального закона №271-ФЗ от 03 июля 2016 г. «О внесении изменений в Федеральный закон "Об исчислении времени"». Вступил в силу по истечении шестидесяти дней после дня официального опубликования (6 августа 2011 г.). Опубликован: "Российская газета", №120, 6 июня 2011 г. (Government of the Russian Federation. Federal Law #107-FZ of June 31, 2011 On Calculating Time, as amended by the Federal Law #271-FZ of July 03, 2016 On Amending Federal Law "On Calculating Time". Effective as of after sixty days following the day of the official publication.).
13. Official on the whole territory of Russia according to Article 68.1 of the Constitution of Russia.
14. C. Michael Hogan (2008) Polar Bear: Ursus maritimus, Globaltwitcher.com, ed. Nicklas Stromberg
15. Russian Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004). "Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек" [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian). Retrieved August 9, 2014.
16. Demoscope Weekly (1989). "Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров" [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. Retrieved August 9, 2014.
17. http://www.oblstat.tmn.ru/statinfo\act\dwiz.htm
18. Перепись-2010: русских становится больше. Perepis-2010.ru (2011-12-19). Retrieved on 2013-08-20.
19. Arena - Atlas of Religions and Nationalities in Russia. Sreda.org
20. 2012 Survey Maps. "Ogonek", № 34 (5243), 27/08/2012. Retrieved 24-09-2012.
21. "Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Area". Kommersant. 2004-03-05. Retrieved 2009-08-26.

Sources

• Законодательное Собрание Ямало-Ненецкого автономного округа. Закон №119-ЗАО от 17 ноября 2010 г. «О гимне Ямало-Ненецкого автономного округа». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования (20 ноября 2010 г.). Опубликован: "Красный Север", спецвыпуск №147/1, 20 ноября 2010 г. (Legislative Assembly of Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. Law #119-ZAO of November 17, 2010 On the Anthem of Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. Effective as of the day of the official publication (November 20, 2010).).
• Государственная Дума Ямало-Ненецкого автономного округа. №56-ЗАО 28 декабря 1998 г. «Устав (Основной Закон) Ямало-Ненецкого автономного округа», в ред. Закона №140-ЗАО от 21 декабря 2015 г. «О внесении изменений в Устав (Основной Закон) Ямало-Ненецкого автономного округа». Вступил в силу 15 января 1999 г. Опубликован: "Красный Север", 15 января 1999 г. (State Duma of Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. #56-ZAO December 28, 1998 Charter (Basic Law) of Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, as amended by the Law #140-ZAO of December 21, 2015 An Amending the Charter (Basic Law) of Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. Effective as of January 15, 1999.).