Zanzibari general election, 1957

General elections for the Legislative Council were held in Zanzibar for the first time in July 1957. It was largely a contest between the Afro-Shirazi Party and the Zanzibar Nationalist Party, with the ASP winning five of the six contested seats.^[1] They were also the first elections to be held in East Africa.^[2]

Background

In 1926 the British colonial authorities introduced Legislative and Executive Councils to the islands, preventing the Sultan from issuing legislation without their consent.^[2] In 1954 the number of members of the Council was expanded to 12. Two years later the British authorities appointed Walter Coutts to advise the government on how to obtain public representation on the Council, albeit as "unofficial" members.^[2] Coutts' report suggested election of six members based on a list system, with candidates limited to property owners, people over 40, and those with a specific level of education, and that voters should meet the property criteria. This proposal meant that only 14% of the islands' population were eligible to vote.^[2]

Campaign

The main parties were the Zanzibar Nationalist Party, which had been established in December 1955, and the Afro-Shirazi Party, founded in February 1957 by a merger of the African Association (founded in 1934) and the Shirazi Association (1938),^[3] whilst the Indian-dominated Muslim Association also competed.

Results

The election was characterised by significant interest, and voter turnout was 90.2%.^[4]

Party	Votes	%	Seats
Afro-Shirazi Party	21,632	61.2	5
Zanzibar Nationalist Party	7,761	21.9	0
Muslim Association	5,968	16.9	1
Other parties			0
Invalid/blank votes	619	–	–
Total	35,980	100	6
Registered voters/turnout	39,873	90.2	–
Source: Nohlen et al.

Aftermath

Following the election, both the ZNP and ASP experienced infighting, resulting in some ASP members leaving to establish the Zanzibar and Pemba People's Party in 1959, and some ZNP members leaving to form the Umma Party in 1963.^[3]

In 1960 Sir Hillary Blood was appointed Constitutional Commissioner by the British authorities, with the remit to advise the government on constitutional development in Zanzibar. His proposals included making the leader of the party with the most seats Chief Minister, for ministerial portfolios to be created, for the Council to have 22 constituency-based seats, that electoral qualifications should be abolished, and that women should have the right to vote.^[1]

The British government accepted Blood's proposals, and fresh elections were held in January 1961.

References

1. Zanzibar: 1957 Election EISA
2. Zanzibar: Elections background EISA
3. Zanzibar: Formation of Political Parties EISA
4. Nohlen, D, Krennerich, M & Thibaut, B (1999) Elections in Africa: A data handbook, p879 ISBN 0-19-829645-2