Atlantic City, New Jersey

Atlantic City, New Jersey
City
City of Atlantic City
Atlantic City skyline
Logo
Nickname(s): "The World's Famous Playground"[1]
Motto: "Do AC"[1]
Map of Atlantic City in Atlantic County (click image to enlarge; also see: state map)
United States Census Bureau map of Atlantic City
Atlantic City, New Jersey Atlantic City, New Jersey Atlantic City, New Jersey Location in Atlantic County. Inset: Location of Atlantic County in New Jersey
Coordinates: 39°22′38″N 74°27′04″W / 39.377297°N 74.451082°WCoordinates: 39°22′38″N 74°27′04″W / 39.377297°N 74.451082°W[2][3]
Country	United States
State	New Jersey
County	Atlantic
Incorporated	May 1, 1854
Government[4]
• Type	Faulkner Act (Mayor-Council)
• Body	Atlantic City Council
• Mayor	Don Guardian (R) (term ends December 31, 2017)[5][6]
• Administrator	Arthur Liston[5]
• Clerk	Rhonda Williams[7]
Area[2]
• City	17.037 sq mi (44.125 km^2)
• Land	10.747 sq mi (27.835 km^2)
• Water	6.290 sq mi (16.290 km^2)  36.92%
Area rank	164th of 566 in state 8th of 23 in county[2]
Elevation[8]	7 ft (2 m)
Population (2010 Census)[9][10][11]
• City	39,558
• Estimate (2015)[12]	39,260
• Rank	55th of 566 in state 2nd of 23 in county[13]
• Density	3,680.8/sq mi (1,421.2/km^2)
• Density rank	171st of 566 in state 3rd of 23 in county[13]
• Metro	275,549
Time zone	EST (UTC−5)
• Summer (DST)	Eastern (EDT) (UTC−4)
ZIP codes	08401-08406[14][15]
Area code(s)	609[16]
FIPS code	3400102080[2][17][18]
GNIS feature ID	0885142[19]
Website	www.cityofatlanticcity.org

Atlantic City is a resort city in Atlantic County, New Jersey, United States, known for its casinos, boardwalk and beach. In 2010, it had a population of 39,558.^{[9][10][11][20][21]} Located on Absecon Island, it was incorporated on May 1, 1854, from portions of Egg Harbor Township and Galloway Township.^[22] The city borders Absecon, Brigantine, Pleasantville, Ventnor City, West Atlantic City and the Atlantic Ocean.

Atlantic City was the inspiration for the American version of the board game Monopoly, especially the street names.

Since 1921, Atlantic City has been the home of the Miss America pageant.

History

Early days

Seascape with Distant Lighthouse, Atlantic City, New Jersey, 1873, William Trost Richards. Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum

Because of its location in South Jersey, hugging the Atlantic Ocean between marshlands and islands, Atlantic City was viewed by developers as prime real estate and a potential resort town. In 1853, the first commercial hotel, the Belloe House, was built at the intersection of Massachusetts and Atlantic Avenues.^[23]

A High Tide at Atlantic City by William Trost Richards is housed in the Brooklyn Museum.

Atlantic City, 1877

The city was incorporated in 1854, the same year in which the Camden and Atlantic Railroad train service began.^[24] Built on the edge of the bay, this served as the direct link of this remote parcel of land with Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. That same year, construction of the Absecon Lighthouse, designed by George Meade of the Corps of Topographical Engineers, was approved, with work initiated the next year.^[25] By 1874, almost 500,000 passengers a year were coming to Atlantic City by rail. In Boardwalk Empire: The Birth, High Times, and Corruption of Atlantic City, "Atlantic City's Godfather"^[26] Nelson Johnson describes the inspiration of Dr. Jonathan Pitney (the "Father of Atlantic City"^[27]) to develop Atlantic City as a health resort, his efforts to convince the municipal authorities that a railroad to the beach would be beneficial, his successful alliance with Samuel Richards (entrepreneur and member of the most influential family in southern New Jersey at the time) to achieve that goal, the actual building of the railroad, and the experience of the first 600 riders, who "were chosen carefully by Samuel Richards and Jonathan Pitney":^[28]

"After arriving in Atlantic City, a second train brought the visitors to the door of the resort's first public lodging, the United States Hotel. The hotel was owned by the railroad. It was a sprawling, four-story structure built to house 2,000 guests. It opened while it was still under construction, with only one wing standing, and even that wasn't completed. By year's end, when it was fully constructed, the United States Hotel was not only the first hotel in Atlantic City but also the largest in the nation. Its rooms totaled more than 600, and its grounds covered some 14 acres."

The first boardwalk was built in 1870 along a portion of the beach in an effort to help hotel owners keep sand out of their lobbies. Businesses were restricted and the boardwalk was removed each year at the end of the peak season.^[29] Because of its effectiveness and popularity, the boardwalk was expanded in length and width, and modified several times in subsequent years. The historic length of the boardwalk, before the destructive 1944 Great Atlantic Hurricane, was about 7 miles (11 km) and it extended from Atlantic City to Longport, through Ventnor and Margate.^[30]

The first road connecting the city to the mainland at Pleasantville was completed in 1870 and charged a 30-cent toll. Albany Avenue was the first road to the mainland available without a toll.^[31]

By 1878, because of the growing popularity of the city, one railroad line could no longer keep up with demand. Soon, the Philadelphia and Atlantic City Railway was also constructed to transport tourists to Atlantic City. At this point massive hotels like The United States and Surf House, as well as smaller rooming houses, had sprung up all over town. The United States Hotel took up a full city block between Atlantic, Pacific, Delaware, and Maryland Avenues. These hotels were not only impressive in size, but featured the most updated amenities, and were considered quite luxurious for their time.

Boom period

Blenheim part of the Marlborough-Blenheim Hotel from the beach

Haddon Hall Hotel depicted on a postcard

In the early part of the 20th century, Atlantic City went through a radical building boom. Many of the modest boarding houses that dotted the boardwalk were replaced with large hotels. Two of the city's most distinctive hotels were the Marlborough-Blenheim Hotel and the Traymore Hotel.

In 1903, Josiah White III bought a parcel of land near Ohio Avenue and the boardwalk and built the Queen Anne style Marlborough House. The hotel was a hit and, in 1905–06, he chose to expand the hotel and bought another parcel of land next door to his Marlborough House. In an effort to make his new hotel a source of conversation, White hired the architectural firm of Price and McLanahan. The firm made use of reinforced concrete, a new building material invented by Jean-Louis Lambot in 1848 (Joseph Monier received the patent in 1867). The hotel's Spanish and Moorish themes, capped off with its signature dome and chimneys, represented a step forward from other hotels that had a classically designed influence. White named the new hotel the Blenheim and merged the two hotels into the Marlborough-Blenheim. Bally's Atlantic City was later constructed at this location.

Atlantic City Boardwalk crowd in front of Blenheim hotel, 1911 (retouched)

The Traymore Hotel was located at the corner of Illinois Avenue and the boardwalk. Begun in 1879 as a small boarding house, the hotel grew through a series of uncoordinated expansions. By 1914, the hotel's owner, Daniel White, taking a hint from the Marlborough-Blenheim, commissioned the firm of Price and McLanahan to build an even bigger hotel. Rising 16 stories, the tan brick and gold-capped hotel would become one of the city's best-known landmarks. The hotel made use of ocean-facing hotel rooms by jutting its wings farther from the main portion of the hotel along Pacific Avenue.

One by one, additional large hotels were constructed along the boardwalk, including the Brighton, Chelsea, Shelburne, Ambassador, Ritz Carlton, Mayflower, Madison House, and the Breakers. The Quaker-owned Chalfonte House, opened in 1868, and Haddon House, opened in 1869, flanked North Carolina Avenue at the beach end. Over the years, their original wood-frame structures would be enlarged, and even moved closer to the beach. The modern Chalfonte Hotel, eight stories tall, opened in 1904. The modern Haddon Hall was built in stages and was completed in 1929, at eleven stories. By this time, they were under the same ownership and merged into the Chalfonte-Haddon Hall Hotel, becoming the city's largest hotel with nearly 1,000 rooms. By 1930, the Claridge, the city's last large hotel before the casinos, opened its doors. The 400-room Claridge was built by a partnership that included renowned Philadelphia contractor John McShain. At 24 stories, it would become known as the "Skyscraper By The Sea." The city became known as the "The World's Playground.^[32][33]

In 1883, salt water taffy was conceived in Atlantic City by David Bradley. The traditional story is that Bradley's shop was flooded after a major storm, soaking his taffy with salty Atlantic Ocean water. He sold some "salt water taffy" to a girl, who proudly walked down to the beach to show her friends. Bradley's mother was in the back of the store when the sale was made, and loved the name, and so salt water taffy was born.^[34][35]

Prohibition era

The 1920s, with tourism at its peak, are considered by many historians as Atlantic City's golden age. During Prohibition, which was enacted nationally in 1919 and lasted until 1933, much liquor was consumed and gambling regularly took place in the back rooms of nightclubs and restaurants. It was during Prohibition that racketeer and political boss Enoch L. "Nucky" Johnson rose to power. Prohibition was largely unenforced in Atlantic City, and, because alcohol that had been smuggled into the city with the acquiescence of local officials could be readily obtained at restaurants and other establishments, the resort's popularity grew further.^[36] The city then dubbed itself as "The World's Playground". Nucky Johnson's income, which reached as much as $500,000 annually, came from the kickbacks he took on illegal liquor, gambling and prostitution operating in the city, as well as from kickbacks on construction projects.^[37]

During this time, Atlantic City was under the mayoral reign of Edward L. Bader, known for his contributions to the construction, athletics and aviation of Atlantic City.^[38] Despite the opposition of many others, he purchased land that became the city's municipal airport and high school football stadium, both of which were later named Bader Field in his honor.^[39] He led the initiative, in 1923, to construct the Atlantic City High School at Albany and Atlantic Avenues.^[38] Bader, in November 1923, initiated a public referendum, during the general election, at which time residents approved the construction of a Convention Center. The city passed an ordinance approving a bond issue for $1.5 million to be used for the purchase of land for Convention Hall, now known as the Boardwalk Hall, finalized September 30, 1924.^[40] Bader was also a driving force behind the creation of the Miss America competition.^[41]

From May 13 to May 16 in 1929, Johnson hosted a conference for organized crime figures from all across America. The men who called this meeting were Masseria family lieutenant Charles "Lucky" Luciano and former Chicago South Side Gang boss Johnny "the Fox" Torrio, with heads of the Bugs and Meyer Mob, Meyer Lansky and Benjamin Siegel, being used as muscle for the meeting.

Nightclub era

The 1930s through the 1960s were a heyday for nightclub entertainment. Popular venues on the white-populated south side included the 500 Club, the Clicquot Club, and the Jockey Club. On the south side, home to African Americans in the racially segregated city, a black entertainment district reigned on Kentucky Avenue. Four major nightclubs – Club Harlem, the Paradise Club, Grace's Little Belmont, and Wonder Gardens – drew both black and white patrons. During the summer tourist season, jazz and R&B music could be heard into the wee hours of the morning. Soul food restaurants and ribs joints also lined Kentucky Avenue, including Wash's Restaurant,^[42] Jerry's, and Sap's.^[43]

Decline and resurgence

The Tropicana from the boardwalk

Like many older east coast cities after World War II, Atlantic City became plagued with poverty, crime, corruption, and general economic decline in the mid-to-late 20th century. The neighborhood known as the "Inlet" became particularly impoverished. The reasons for the resort's decline were multi-layered. First, the automobile became more readily available to many Americans after the war. Atlantic City had initially relied upon visitors coming by train and staying for a couple of weeks. The car allowed them to come and go as they pleased, and many people would spend only a few days, rather than weeks. The advent of suburbia also played a significant role. With many families moving to their own private houses, luxuries such as home air conditioning and swimming pools diminished their interest in flocking to the luxury beach resorts during the hot summer. But perhaps the biggest factor in the decline in Atlantic City's popularity came from cheap, fast jet service to other premier resorts, such as Miami Beach and the Bahamas.^[44]

Trump Taj Mahal from Pacific Avenue

The city hosted the 1964 Democratic National Convention which nominated Lyndon Johnson for President and Hubert Humphrey as Vice President. The convention and the press coverage it generated, however, cast a harsh light on Atlantic City, which by then was in the midst of a long period of economic decline. Many felt that the friendship between Johnson and Governor of New Jersey Richard J. Hughes led Atlantic City to host the Democratic Convention.^[45]

By the late 1960s, many of the resort's once great hotels were suffering from embarrassing vacancy rates. Most of them were either shut down, converted to cheap apartments, or converted to nursing home facilities by the end of the decade. Prior to and during the advent of legalized gambling, many of these hotels were demolished. The Breakers, the Chelsea, the Brighton, the Shelburne, the Mayflower, the Traymore, and the Marlborough-Blenheim were demolished in the 1970s and 1980s. Of the many pre-casino resorts that bordered the boardwalk, only the Claridge, the Dennis, the Ritz-Carlton, and the Haddon Hall survive to this day as parts of Bally's Atlantic City, a condo complex, and Resorts Atlantic City. The old Ambassador Hotel was purchased by Ramada in 1978 and was gutted to become the Tropicana Casino and Resort Atlantic City, only reusing the steelwork of the original building.^[46] Smaller hotels off the boardwalk, such as the Madison also survived.

The Borgata is Atlantic City's highest grossing casino.

Legalized gambling

In an effort at revitalizing the city, New Jersey voters in 1976 passed a referendum, approving casino gambling for Atlantic City; this came after a 1974 referendum on legalized gambling failed to pass. Immediately after the legislation passed, the owners of the Chalfonte-Haddon Hall Hotel began converting it into the Resorts International. It was the first legal casino in the eastern United States when it opened on May 26, 1978.^[47] Other casinos were soon constructed along the Boardwalk and, later, in the marina district for a total of eleven today. The introduction of gambling did not, however, quickly eliminate many of the urban problems that plagued Atlantic City. Many people have suggested that it only served to exacerbate those problems, as attested to by the stark contrast between tourism intensive areas and the adjacent impoverished working-class neighborhoods.^[48] In addition, Atlantic City has been less popular than Las Vegas as a gambling city in the United States.^[49] Donald Trump helped bring big name boxing bouts to the city to attract customers to his casinos. The boxer Mike Tyson had most of his fights in Atlantic City in the 1980s, which helped Atlantic City achieve nationwide attention as a gambling resort.^[50] Numerous highrise condominiums were built for use as permanent residences or second homes.^[51] By end of the decade it was one of the most popular tourist destinations in the United States.^[52]

Modern day challenges

Atlantic City at night

With the redevelopment of Las Vegas and the opening of two casinos in Connecticut in the early 1990s, along with newly built casinos in the nearby Philadelphia metro area in the 2000s, Atlantic City's tourism began to decline due to its failure to diversify away from gaming. Determined to expand, in 1999 the Atlantic City Redevelopment Authority partnered with Las Vegas casino mogul Steve Wynn to develop a new roadway to a barren section of the city near the Marina. Nicknamed "The Tunnel Project", Steve Wynn planned the proposed 'Mirage Atlantic City' around the idea that he would connect the $330 million tunnel stretching 2.5 miles (4.0 km) from the Atlantic City Expressway to his new resort. The roadway was later officially named the Atlantic City-Brigantine Connector, and funnels incoming traffic off of the expressway into the city's marina district and Brigantine, New Jersey.^[53]

Although Wynn's plans for development in the city were scrapped in 2002, the tunnel opened in 2001. The new roadway prompted Boyd Gaming in partnership with MGM/Mirage to build Atlantic City's newest casino. The Borgata opened in July 2003, and its success brought an influx of developers to Atlantic City with plans for building grand Las Vegas style mega casinos to revitalize the aging city.^[54]

Owing to economic conditions and the late 2000s recession, many of the proposed mega casinos never went further than the initial planning stages. One of these developers was Pinnacle Entertainment, who purchased the Sands Atlantic City, only to close it permanently November 11, 2006. The following year, the resort was demolished in a dramatic, Las Vegas styled implosion, the first of its kind in Atlantic City. While Pinnacle Entertainment intended to replace it with a $1.5–2 billion casino resort, the company canceled its construction plans and plans to sell the land. The biggest disappointment was when MGM Resorts International announced that it would pull out of all development for Atlantic City, effectively ending their plans for the MGM Grand Atlantic City.^[55][56]

View of Atlantic City Boardwalk Hall (top left) and ocean, 2011

In 2006, Morgan Stanley purchased 20 acres (8.1 ha) directly north of the Showboat Atlantic City Hotel and Casino for a new $2 billion plus casino resort.^[57] Revel Entertainment Group was named as the project's developer for the Revel Casino. Revel was hindered with many problems, the biggest setback occurring in April 2010 when Morgan Stanley, the owner of 90% of Revel Entertainment Group, decided to discontinue funding for continued construction and put its stake in Revel up for sale. Early in 2010 the New Jersey state legislature passed a bill offering tax incentives to attract new investors and complete the job, but a poll by Fairleigh Dickinson University's PublicMind released in March 2010 showed that 60% of voters opposed the legislation, and two of three of those who opposed it "strongly" opposed it.^[58][59] Ultimately, Governor Chris Christie offered Revel $261 million in state tax credits to assist the casino once it opened.^[60] As of March 2011, Revel had completed all of the exterior work and had continued work on the interior after finally receiving the funding necessary to complete construction. It had a soft opening in April 2012, and was fully open by May 2012. Ten months later, in February 2013, after serious losses and a write-down in the value of the resort from $2.4 billion to $450 million, Revel filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy. It was restructured but still could not carry on and re-entered bankruptcy on June 19, 2014. It was put up for sale, however as no suitable bids were received the resort closed its doors on September 2, 2014.^[61]

In the wake of the closures and declining revenue from casinos, Governor Christie said in September 2014 that the state would consider a 2015 referendum to end the 40-year-old monopoly that Atlantic City holds on casino gambling and allowing gambling in other municipalities. With casino revenue declining from $5.2 billion in 2006 to $2.9 billion in 2013, the state saw a drop in money from its 8% tax on those earnings, which is used to fund programs for senior citizens and the disabled.^[62]

"Superstorm Sandy" struck Atlantic City on October 29, 2012, causing flooding and power-outages but left minimal damage to any of the tourist areas including the Boardwalk and casino resorts, despite widespread belief that the city's boardwalk had been destroyed. The source of the misinformation was a widely circulated photograph of a damaged section of the Boardwalk that was slated for repairs, prior to the storm, and incorrect news reports at the time of the disaster.^[63] The storm produced an all-time record low barometric pressure reading of 943 mb (27.85") for not only Atlantic City, but the state of New Jersey.^[64]

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city had a total area of 17.037 square miles (44.125 km²), including 10.747 square miles (27.835 km²) of land and 6.290 square miles (16.290 km²) of water (36.92%).^[2][3]

The city is located on 8.1-mile (13.0 km) long Absecon Island, along with Ventnor City, Margate City and Longport to the southwest.^[65]

Unincorporated communities, localities and place names located partially or completely within the city include Chelsea, City Island, Great Island and Venice Park.^[66]

Climate

Atlantic City has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa), with some maritime moderation, especially during the summer.

Summers are typically warm and humid with a July daily average of 75.6 °F (24.2 °C). During this time, the city gets a sea breeze off the ocean that often makes daytime temperatures much cooler than inland areas, making Atlantic City a prime place for beating the summer heat from June through September. Average highs even just a few miles west of Atlantic City exceed 85 °F (29 °C) in July. Near the coast, temperatures reach or exceed 90 °F (32 °C) on an average of only 6.8 days a year, but this reaches 21 days at nearby Atlantic City International Airport.^{[67][lower-alpha 1]} Winters are cool, with January averaging 35.5 °F (2 °C). Spring and autumn are erratic, although they are usually mild with low humidity. The average window for freezing temperatures is November 20 to March 25,^[67] allowing a growing season of 239 days. Extreme temperatures range from −9 °F (−23 °C) on February 9, 1934 to 104 °F (40 °C) on August 7, 1918.^{[lower-alpha 2]}

Annual precipitation is 40 inches (1,020 mm) which is fairly spread throughout the year. Owing to its proximity to the Atlantic Ocean and its location in South Jersey, Atlantic City receives less snow than a good portion of the rest of New Jersey. Even at the airport, where low temperatures are often much lower than along the coast, snow averages only 16.5 inches (41.9 cm) each winter. It is very common for rain to fall in Atlantic City while the northern and western parts of the state are receiving snow.

Climate data for Atlantic City, New Jersey (downtown), 1981–2010 normals,[lower-alpha 3] extremes 1874–present[lower-alpha 4]
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Record high °F (°C)	72 (22)	77 (25)	84 (29)	91 (33)	95 (35)	99 (37)	102 (39)	104 (40)	94 (34)	91 (33)	80 (27)	74 (23)	104 (40)
Mean maximum °F (°C)	59.3 (15.2)	59.9 (15.5)	68.4 (20.2)	77.3 (25.2)	83.7 (28.7)	89.7 (32.1)	93.5 (34.2)	91.8 (33.2)	86.3 (30.2)	78.9 (26.1)	70.1 (21.2)	62.4 (16.9)	95.3 (35.2)
Average high °F (°C)	41.8 (5.4)	43.5 (6.4)	49.6 (9.8)	57.6 (14.2)	66.6 (19.2)	75.7 (24.3)	81.3 (27.4)	80.2 (26.8)	74.8 (23.8)	65.0 (18.3)	55.8 (13.2)	46.3 (7.9)	61.6 (16.4)
Average low °F (°C)	29.2 (−1.6)	30.9 (−0.6)	36.9 (2.7)	45.5 (7.5)	54.5 (12.5)	64.3 (17.9)	70.0 (21.1)	69.7 (20.9)	63.5 (17.5)	52.5 (11.4)	42.9 (6.1)	33.5 (0.8)	49.5 (9.7)
Mean minimum °F (°C)	11.3 (−11.5)	16.3 (−8.7)	22.4 (−5.3)	33.8 (1)	44.3 (6.8)	53.7 (12.1)	61.4 (16.3)	60.1 (15.6)	50.5 (10.3)	39.2 (4)	29.0 (−1.7)	19.0 (−7.2)	10.1 (−12.2)
Record low °F (°C)	−4 (−20)	−9 (−23)	8 (−13)	15 (−9)	33 (1)	45 (7)	52 (11)	48 (9)	37 (3)	27 (−3)	10 (−12)	−7 (−22)	−9 (−23)
Average precipitation inches (mm)	3.08 (78.2)	2.87 (72.9)	4.02 (102.1)	3.39 (86.1)	3.22 (81.8)	2.68 (68.1)	3.31 (84.1)	3.92 (99.6)	3.08 (78.2)	3.47 (88.1)	3.35 (85.1)	3.62 (91.9)	40.01 (1,016.2)
Average snowfall inches (cm)	4.5 (11.4)	6.7 (17)	1.1 (2.8)	0.3 (0.8)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0.2 (0.5)	3.7 (9.4)	16.5 (41.9)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in)	9.3	9.0	10.5	10.9	10.4	8.7	8.4	8.0	7.7	7.6	8.9	10.4	109.8
Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in)	2.9	2.8	0.9	0.3	0	0	0	0	0	0	0.1	1.7	8.7
Average relative humidity (%)	69.5	69.0	66.9	66.4	70.7	72.9	73.9	75.7	76.4	74.8	72.8	70.6	71.6
Mean monthly sunshine hours	150.8	157.9	204.5	218.9	243.9	266.2	276.3	271.3	227.6	200.5	147.4	133.8	2,499.1
Percent possible sunshine	50	53	55	55	55	60	61	64	61	58	49	46	56
Source: NOAA (relative humidity and sun 1961–1990 and snow at Atlantic City Int'l)[69][70][67][71]

Demographics

Historical population
Census	Pop.		%±
1860	687		—
1870	1,043		51.8%
1880	5,477		425.1%
1890	13,055		138.4%
1900	27,838		113.2%
1910	46,150		65.8%
1920	50,707		9.9%
1930	66,198		30.6%
1940	64,094		−3.2%
1950	61,657		−3.8%
1960	59,544		−3.4%
1970	47,859		−19.6%
1980	40,199		−16.0%
1990	37,986		−5.5%
2000	40,517		6.7%
2010	39,558		−2.4%
Est. 2015	39,260	[12][72]	−0.8%
Population sources: 1860–2000[73] 1860–1920[74] 1870[75][76] 1880–1890[77] 1890–1910[78] 1860–1930[79] 1930–1990[80] 2000[81][82] 2010[9][10][11]

2010 Census

At the 2010 United States Census, there were 39,558 people, 15,504 households, and 8,558 families residing in the city. The population density was 3,680.8 per square mile (1,421.2/km²). There were 20,013 housing units at an average density of 1,862.2 per square mile (719.0/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 26.65% (10,543) White, 38.29% (15,148) Black or African American, 0.61% (242) Native American, 15.55% (6,153) Asian, 0.05% (18) Pacific Islander, 14.03% (5,549) from other races, and 4.82% (1,905) from two or more races. Hispanics or Latinos of any race were 30.45% (12,044) of the population.^[9]

There were 15,504 households, of which 27.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 25.9% were married couples living together, 22.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 44.8% were non-families. 37.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.50 and the average family size was 3.34.^[9]

In the city, 24.6% of the population were under the age of 18, 10.2% from 18 to 24, 26.8% from 25 to 44, 25.8% from 45 to 64, and 12.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36.3 years. For every 100 females there were 96.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.4 males.^[9]

The Census Bureau's 2006–10 American Community Survey showed that (in 2010 inflation-adjusted dollars) median household income was $30,237 (with a margin of error of +/- $2,354) and the median family income was $35,488 (+/- $2,607). Males had a median income of $32,207 (+/- $1,641) versus $29,298 (+/- $1,380) for females. The per capita income for the city was $20,069 (+/- $2,532). About 23.1% of families and 25.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 36.6% of those under age 18 and 16.8% of those age 65 or over.^[83]

2000 Census

As of the 2000 United States Census^[17] there were 40,517 people, 15,848 households, and 8,700 families residing in the city. The population density was 3,569.8 people per square mile (1,378.3/km²). There were 20,219 housing units at an average density of 1,781.4 per square mile (687.8/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 44.16% black or African American, 26.68% White, 0.48% Native American, 10.40% Asian, 0.06% Pacific Islander, 13.76% other races, and 4.47% from two or more races. 24.95% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 19.44% of the population was non-Hispanic whites.^[81][82]

There were 15,848 households out of which 27.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 24.8% were married couples living together, 23.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 45.1% were non-families. 37.2% of all households were made up of individuals and 15.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.46 and the average family size was 3.26.^[81][82]

In the city the age distribution of the population shows 25.7% under the age of 18, 8.9% from 18 to 24, 31.0% from 25 to 44, 20.2% from 45 to 64, and 14.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females there were 96.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.2 males.^[81][82]

The median income for a household in the city was $26,969, and the median income for a family was $31,997. Males had a median income of $25,471 versus $23,863 for females. The per capita income for the city was $15,402. About 19.1% of families and 23.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 29.1% of those under age 18 and 18.9% of those age 65 or over.^[81][82]

Economy

As of September 2014, the greater Atlantic City area has one of the highest unemployment rates in the country at 13.8%, out of labor force of around 141,000.^[84]

Tourism district

In July 2010, Governor Chris Christie announced that a state takeover of the city and local government "was imminent". Comparing regulations in Atlantic City to an "antique car", Atlantic City regulatory reform is a key piece of Governor Chris Christie's plan, unveiled on July 22, to reinvigorate an industry mired in a four-year slump in revenue and hammered by fresh competition from casinos in the surrounding states of Delaware, Pennsylvania, Connecticut, and more recently, Maryland. In January 2011, Chris Christie announced the creation of the Atlantic City Tourism District, a state-run district encompassing the boardwalk casinos, the marina casinos, the Atlantic City Outlets, and Bader Field.^[85][86] Fairleigh Dickinson University's PublicMind poll surveyed New Jersey voters' attitudes on the takeover. The February 16, 2011 survey showed that 43% opposed the measure while 29% favored direct state oversight.^[87] Interestingly, the poll also found that even South Jersey voters expressed opposition to the plan; 40% reported they opposed the measure and 37% reported they were in favor of it.^[87]

On April 29, 2011, the boundaries for the state-run tourism district were set. The district would include heavier police presence, as well as beautification and infrastructure improvements. The CRDA would oversee all functions of the district and make changes to attract new businesses and attractions. New construction will be ambitious and may resort to eminent domain.^[88][89]

The tourism district would comprise several key areas in the city; the Marina District, Ducktown, Chelsea, South Inlet, Bader Field, and Gardner's Basin. Also included are 10 roadways that lead into the district, including several in the city's northern end, or North Beach. Gardner's Basin, which is home to the Atlantic City Aquarium, was initially left out of the tourism district, while a residential neighborhood in the Chelsea section was removed from the final boundaries, owing to complaints from the city. Also, the inclusion of Bader Field in the district was controversial and received much scrutiny from mayor Lorenzo Langford, who cast the lone "no" vote on the creation of the district citing its inclusion.^[90]

Casinos and gambling

Atlantic City is considered the "Gambling Capital of the East Coast", and currently has seven large casinos and several smaller ones. In 2011, New Jersey's then 12 casinos employed approximately 33,000 employees, had 28.5 million visitors, made $3.3 billion in gaming revenue, and paid $278 million in taxes.^[91] They are regulated by the New Jersey Casino Control Commission^[92] and the New Jersey Division of Gaming Enforcement.^[93]

In the wake of the United States' economic downturn and the legalization of gambling in adjacent and nearby states (including Delaware, Maryland, New York, and Pennsylvania), four casino closures took place in 2014: the Atlantic Club on January 13; the Showboat on August 31;^[94] the Revel, which was Atlantic City's second-newest casino, on September 2;^[95] and Trump Plaza, which originally opened in 1984, and was the poorest performing casino in the city, on September 16.^[96]

Executives at Trump Entertainment Resorts, whose sole remaining property at the time was the Trump Taj Mahal, said in 2013 that they were considering the option of selling the Taj and winding down and exiting the gaming and hotel business.^[97] Trump Taj Mahal closed October 10, 2016 after failing to come to terms with union workers.^[98]

Caesars Entertainment executives have been reconsidering the future of their three remaining Atlantic City properties (Bally's, Caesars and Harrah's), in the wake of a Chapter 11 bankruptcy filing by the company's casino operating unit in January 2015.^[99]

Current casinos

Casino	Opening date	Theme	Hotel rooms[100]	Section of city
Resorts	May 28, 1978	Roaring Twenties	942	Uptown
Caesars	June 26, 1979	Roman Empire	1,141	Midtown
Bally's^a	December 29, 1979	Modern	1,169	Midtown
Harrah's	November 27, 1980	Marina Waterfront	2,590	Marina
Tropicana	November 26, 1981	Old Havana	2,078	Downbeach
Golden Nugget	June 19, 1985	Gold Rush Era	727	Marina
Borgata	July 2, 2003	Tuscany	2,767	Marina
Total			11,414

^a Bally's Atlantic City includes The Wild Wild West Casino, which opened on July 2, 1997 and has an American Old West theme.

Renamed casinos

Casino	New Name
ACH Casino Resort	The Atlantic Club Casino Hotel
Atlantic City Hilton (Original)	Trump Castle
Atlantic City Hilton	ACH Casino Resort
Bally's Grand	The Grand
Bally's Park Place	Bally's Atlantic City
Brighton Casino	Sands Atlantic City
Del Webb's Claridge	Claridge
Golden Nugget (Original)	Bally's Grand
Park Place	Bally's Park Place
Harrah's at Trump Plaza	Trump Plaza
Playboy Hotel & Casino	Permanent casino license denied; renamed Atlantis Casino
The Grand	The Atlantic City Hilton
Trump's Castle	Trump Marina
Trump Marina	Golden Nugget

Closed casinos

Casino	Opening Date	Closing Date	Status of Property
Trump Taj Mahal	April 2, 1990	October 10, 2016	The casino shut down having failed to reach a deal with its union workers to restore health care and pension benefits that were taken away from them in bankruptcy court. Nearly 3,000 workers lost their jobs.
Trump Plaza	May 14, 1984	September 16, 2014	On February 15, 2013, Trump Entertainment Resorts announced that it intended to sell Trump Plaza to the Meruelo Group for $20 million, the lowest price ever paid for an Atlantic City casino.[101] Carl Icahn, senior lender for Trump Plaza's mortgage, declined to approve the sale for the proposed price.[102]
Revel	April 2, 2012	September 2, 2014	Brookfield Asset Management's winning bid of $110 million on September 30, 2014 for Atlantic City's Revel Casino Hotel, and the company's intention to operate it as a casino, generated some excitement, but the company backed out of this deal on November 19, 2014.[103]
Showboat	April 2, 1987	August 31, 2014	On December 13, 2014, Stockton University purchased the property for $18 million with the intent of turning it into an Atlantic City campus. However, a preexisting covenant required the property to operate as a casino. Stockton entered an agreement providing Glenn Straub with an option to purchase the property, which was not exercised.[104] Stockton subsequently sold the property to developer Bart Blatstein in January 2016 for $23 million.[105]
Atlantic Club	December 12, 1980	January 13, 2014	Building and contents sold to Caesars Entertainment Corporation. Slots and tables sold to Tropicana Casino & Resort Atlantic City.
Sands	August 31, 1980	November 11, 2006	Building demolished in 2007. The site is now an empty lot after a proposal estimated at up to $2 billion by Pinnacle Entertainment for a casino on the site did not move forward.[106]
Claridge	July 20, 1981	December 30, 2002	Now operating as an independent hotel.
Trump World's Fair	May 15, 1996	October 3, 1999	Building was demolished and replaced by new strip stores, unoccupied as of 1/22/2016.[107]
Playboy / Atlantis Casino	April 14, 1981	July 4, 1989	Playboy Enterprises found unsuitable for licensure, Playboy casino closed and then reopened by Elsinor Corporation as the Atlantis. In 1989 the Casino Control Commission revoked Atlantis' license and property sold to become Trump World's Fair an extension of the Trump Plaza.

Cancelled casinos

Casino	Status of Property
Camelot	Cancelled; currently an empty lot
Dunes Atlantic City	Never completed; now an empty lot
Hard Rock Casino	Cancelled; now an empty lot
Hilton (Original)	Casino license denied; current site of Golden Nugget Atlantic City
Le Jardin	Cancelled; currently an empty lot
Margaritaville Marina Casino	Cancelled; current site of Golden Nugget Atlantic City
Mirage Atlantic City	Cancelled; currently an empty lot
MGM Grand Atlantic City	Cancelled; currently an empty lot
Penthouse Casino	Never built; current site of Trump Plaza
Resorts Taj Mahal	Cancelled; current site of Taj Mahal
Sahara Atlantic City	Cancelled; now a parking lot

Boardwalk

The Atlantic City boardwalk outside the Trump Taj Mahal

Looking south from the Playground Pier overpass in December 2012

The Atlantic City Boardwalk opened on June 26, 1870,^[108] a temporary structure erected for the summer season that was the first boardwalk in the United States.^[109][110]

The Boardwalk starts at Absecon Inlet in the north and runs along the beach south-west to the city limit 4 miles (6.4 km) away then continues 1 ¹⁄₂ miles (2.4 km) into Ventnor City. Casino/hotels front the boardwalk, as well as retail stores, restaurants, and amusements. Notable attractions include the Boardwalk Hall, House of Blues, and the Ripley's Believe It or Not! museum.

In October 2012, Hurricane Sandy destroyed the northern part of the boardwalk fronting Absecon Inlet, in the residential section called South Inlet. The oceanfront boardwalk in front of the Atlantic City casinos survived the storm with minimal damage.^[111][112]

The Boardwalk has been home to several piers over the years. The first pier, Ocean Pier, was built in 1882.^[113] It eventually fell into disrepair and was demolished. Another famous pier built during that time was Steel Pier, opened in 1898, which once billed itself as "The Showplace of the Nation". It now operates as an amusement pier across from the Trump Taj Mahal. Captain John Lake Young opened "Young's Million Dollar Pier" as an arcade hall in 1903, and on the seaward side "erected a marble mansion", fronted by a formal garden, with lighting and landscaping designed by Young's longtime friend Thomas Alva Edison. Young's Million Dollar Pier, Atlantic City's largest amusement pier during its time",^[28] was transformed into a shopping mall in the 1980s, known as "Shops on Ocean One". In 2006, the Ocean One mall was bought, renovated and re-branded as "The Pier Shops at Caesars" and in 2015, it was renamed "Playground Pier." Garden Pier, located opposite Revel Atlantic City, once housed a movie theater, and is now home to the Atlantic City Historical Museum.^[114][115]

Two other piers, an amusement pier named Steeplechase Pier and a Heinz 57-owned pier named Heinz Pier were destroyed in the 1944 Great Atlantic Hurricane.^[116] Steeplechase was rebuilt after the hurricane, and survived into the casino era. The "Steeplechase Pier Heliport" on Steel Pier is named in its honor.^[117] The last of the four piers still standing is Schiff's Central Pier, which is the only one still offering the same attractions it did when it opened – a few stores, and the playcade, having reopened in 1990 after an $8 million renovation.^[118]

Panoramic view of Playground Pier

Shopping

The Quarter at Tropicana

Atlantic City has many different shopping districts and malls, many of which are located inside or adjacent to the casino resorts. Several smaller themed retail and dining areas in casino hotels include the Borgata Shops and The Shoppes at Water Club inside the Borgata, the Waterfront Shops inside of Harrah's, Spice Road inside the Trump Taj Mahal, while Resorts Casino Hotel has a small collection of stores and restaurants. Major shopping malls are also located in and around Atlantic City.

In Atlantic City, shops include:

• Playground Pier, an underwater-themed indoor high end shopping center located on the Million Dollar Pier formerly known as "Shops on Ocean One". The four-story shopping mall contains themed floors.
• Tanger Outlets The Walk, an outdoor outlet shopping center spanning several blocks. The only outlet mall in Atlantic County and South Jersey, The Walk opened in 2003 and is undergoing an expansion.
• The Quarter at Tropicana, an old Havana-themed indoor shopping center at the Tropicana, which contains over 40 stores, restaurants, and nightclubs.

Exhibition

The Atlantic City Convention Center

Boardwalk Hall, formally known as the "Historic Atlantic City Convention Hall", is an arena in Atlantic City along the boardwalk. Boardwalk Hall was Atlantic City's primary convention center until the opening of the Atlantic City Convention Center in 1997. The Atlantic City Convention Center includes 500,000 sq ft (46,000 m²) of showroom space, 5 exhibit halls, 45 meeting rooms with 109,000 sq ft (10,100 m²) of space, a garage with 1,400 parking spaces, and an adjacent Sheraton hotel. Both the Boardwalk Hall and Convention Center are operated by the Atlantic City Convention & Visitors Authority.

Arts and culture

Monopoly

Atlantic City (sometimes referred to as "Monopoly City"^[119]) has become well-known over the years for its portrayal in the U.S. version of the popular board game, Monopoly, in which properties on the board are named after locations in and near Atlantic City. While the original incarnation of the game did not feature Atlantic City, it was in Indianapolis that Ruth Hoskins learned the game, and took it back to Atlantic City.^[120] After she arrived, Hoskins made a new board with Atlantic City street names, and taught it to a group of friends, who ultimately passed in on to Charles Darrow, who made some modifications to the game and claimed it as his own invention.^[121]

Marvin Gardens, the leading yellow property on the board, is actually a misspelling of the original location name, "Marven Gardens". The misspelling was said to have been introduced by Charles Todd and passed on when his home-made Monopoly board was copied by Charles Darrow and thence Parker Brothers. It was not until 1995 that Parker Brothers acknowledged this mistake and formally apologized to the residents of Marven Gardens for the misspelling, although the spelling error was not corrected.^[122]

Some of the actual locations that correspond to board elements have changed since the game's release. Illinois Avenue was renamed Martin Luther King Jr. Blvd. in the 1980s. St. Charles Place no longer exists, as the Showboat Casino Hotel was developed where it once ran.^[123]

The "Short Line" is believed to refer to the Shore Fast Line, a streetcar line that served Atlantic City.^[124] The B&O Railroad did not serve Atlantic City. A booklet included with the reprinted 1935 edition states that the four railroads that served Atlantic City in the mid-1930s were the Jersey Central, the Seashore Lines, the Reading Railroad, and the Pennsylvania Railroad.

The actual "Electric Company" and "Water Works" serving the city are the Atlantic City Electric Company and the Atlantic City Municipal Utilities Authority, respectively.

Attractions

Lucy the Elephant in nearby Margate City

Ever since Atlantic City's growth as a resort town, numerous attractions and tourist traps have originated in the city. A popular fixture in the early 20th century at the Steel Pier was horse diving, which was introduced by William "Doc" Carver.^[125] The Steel Pier featured several other novelty attractions, including the Diving Bell, human high-divers, and a water circus.^[126][127] Advertisements for the Steel Pier in its heyday featured plaster sculptures set upon wooden bases along roads leading up to Atlantic City.^[128] By the end of World War II, many animal demonstrations declined in popularity after criticisms of animal abuse and neglect.

Rolling chairs, which were introduced in 1876 and in continuous use since 1887, have been a boardwalk fixture to this day. While powered carts appeared in the 1960s, the original and most common were made of wicker. The wicker canopied chairs-on-wheels are manually pushed the length of the boardwalk by attendants, much like a Rickshaw.^[129]

The Absecon Lighthouse is a coastal lighthouse located in the South Inlet section of Atlantic City overlooking Absecon Inlet.^[130] It is the tallest lighthouse in the state of New Jersey and is the third tallest masonry lighthouse in the United States. Construction began in 1854, with the light first lit on January 15, 1857.^[131] The lighthouse was deactivated in 1933 and although the light still shines every night, it is no longer an active navigational aid.^[132] Gardner's Basin, which is home to the Atlantic City Aquarium as well as small shops and restaurants, is located a short distance north of Absecon Light.

Since 2003, Atlantic City has hosted Thunder over the Boardwalk, an annual airshow over the boardwalk. The yearly event, a joint venture between the New Jersey Air National Guard's 177th Fighter Wing along with several casinos, attracts over 750,000 visitors each year.^[133]

While located 2 miles (3.2 km) south of Atlantic City in Margate City, Lucy the Elephant has become almost an icon for the Atlantic City area. Lucy is a six-story elephant-shaped example of novelty architecture, constructed of wood and tin sheeting in 1882 by James V. Lafferty in an effort to sell real estate and attract tourism. Over the years, Lucy had served as a restaurant, business office, cottage, and tavern (the last closed by Prohibition). Lucy had fallen into disrepair by the 1960s and was scheduled for demolition. The structure was moved and refurbished as a result of a "Save Lucy" campaign in 1970 and received designation as a National Historic Landmark in 1976, and is open as a museum.^[134]

Miss America pageant

Atlantic City is the home of the Miss America competition, however it was moved to Las Vegas for seven years before returning. The Miss America competition originated on September 7, 1921, as a two-day beauty contest, and it included state contestants as well as women from various cities around the country. The event that year was called the "Atlantic City Pageant", and the winner of the grand prize, Margaret Gorman, took home the 3-foot Golden Mermaid trophy. Gorman was not called "Miss America" until 1922, when she re-entered the pageant and lost to Mary Campbell.^[135] The pageant was initiated to extend the tourist season after the Labor Day weekend.^[41] The pageant has been nationally televised since 1954. It peaked in the early 1960s, when it was repeatedly the highest-rated program on American television. It was seen as a symbol of the United States, with Miss America often being referred to as the female equivalent of the President. The pageant's longtime emcee, Bert Parks, hosted the event from 1955 to 1979. At the Atlantic City Convention Center, there is an interactive statue of Parks holding a crown. When a visitor puts their head inside the crown, sensors activate a recorded playback of his "There She Is..." line through speakers hidden behind nearby bushes.^[136]

Since the departure of the Miss America pageant from the city, an LGBT event known as the "Miss'd America Pageant" is held annually at the Boardwalk Hall. Originally started in 1994 as a fundraiser for local LGBT charities, the event features drag queens on the runway in a similar manner to the Miss America pageant.^[137][138]

Boardwalk Empire

Since 2010, Boardwalk Empire, an American television series from cable network HBO set in Atlantic City during the Prohibition era, has cast a new light on the city. Starring Steve Buscemi, the show was adapted from a chapter about historical criminal kingpin Enoch "Nucky" Johnson (who is renamed "Enoch Thompson" in the show) in Nelson Johnson's book, Boardwalk Empire: The Birth, High Times, and Corruption of Atlantic City. The series was filmed in New York City at various locations that captured Atlantic City's period architecture and on a set built to resemble the Atlantic City boardwalk in the 1920s.^[139]

Around the same time of the September 2010 premiere of the show, the Press of Atlantic City created Boss of the Boardwalk, a 45-minute documentary which premiered on August 21, 2010 on NBC TV-40 and aired six additional times in the following weeks.^[140]

After the premiere of Boardwalk Empire, interest in Roaring Twenties-era Atlantic City has grown. In October 2010, a plan was revealed to renovate the ailing Resorts Casino Hotel into a Roaring Twenties theme. The re-branding was proposed by current owner Dennis Gomes, and was initiated in December 2010 when he took over the casino. The changes accentuate the resort's existing art deco design, as well as presenting new 20s-era uniforms for employees and music from the time period. The casino also introduced drinks and shows reminiscent of the period.^[141] The actual building where he lived, The Ritz-Carlton, offer tours.^[142]

In 2011, Academy Bus began a trolley tour called "Nucky's Way", a tour bus service that features actors portraying Nucky, as well as other characters, as it loops around the city. Nucky's Way is the second trolley tour to capitalize off of Boardwalk Empire, after The Great American Trolley company started a weekly tour of Atlantic City with a Roaring Twenties theme in early June 2011.^[143]

On August 1, 2011, a façade modeled after the set of Boardwalk Empire was unveiled on the boardwalk in front of an empty lot at the former site of the Trump World's Fair resort. The façade of storefronts, which consists of vinyl tacked onto three large sections of plywood, was the brainchild of longtime area radio host Pinky Kravitz, who was also a columnist for The Press of Atlantic City and host of WMGM Presents Pinky on NBC40.^[144]

Beach concerts

In 2014, it was announced that Atlantic City would host two major beach concerts. The two headliners were Blake Shelton, which took place on July 31, 2015 and Lady Antebellum, which took place on August 3, 2014. On June 22, 2015, it was announced that Maroon 5 with special guest Nick Jonas and Matt McAndrew would headline on August 16, 2015. A few weeks later, it was announced that Rascal Flatts would play the second major beach concert of the summer season on August 20, 2015, with special guest Ashley Monroe. This concert would be part of their Riot Tour. Both concerts charged admission.^[145]

Panoramic view of Atlantic City beach

Sports

Club	Sport	League	Venue	Year(s)
Atlantic City Diablos	Soccer	NPSL	St. Augustine College Preparatory School	2007–2008
Atlantic City Boardwalk Bullies	Ice Hockey	ECHL	Boardwalk Hall	2001–2005
Atlantic City CardSharks	Indoor football	NIFL	Boardwalk Hall	2004
Atlantic City Surf	Baseball	Can-Am League	Bernie Robbins Stadium	1998–2008
Atlantic City Seagulls	Basketball	USBL	Atlantic City High School	1996–2001

On November 16, 2006, Hal Handel, CEO of Greenwood Racing, announced that the Atlantic City Race Course in Hamilton Township would increase live racing dates from four days per year, to up to 20 days per year.

The ShopRite LPGA Classic is an LPGA Tour women's golf tournament held near Atlantic City since 1986.

Parks and recreation

Atlantic City is one of five municipalities in the state—and the only one outside of Cape May County—that offer free public access to oceanfront beaches monitored by lifeguards, joining Wildwood, North Wildwood, Wildwood Crest and Upper Township's Strathmere section.^[146]

Government

Local government

Atlantic City
Crime rates (2007)
Crime type	Rate^*
Homicide:	15.1
Forcible rape:	70.4
Robbery:	1,146.3
Aggravated assault:	930.1
Total violent crime:	2,161.9
Burglary:	1,370.0
Larceny-theft:	5,422.2
Motor vehicle theft:	502.8
Arson:	40.2
Total property crime:	7,335.2
Notes * Number of reported crimes per 100,000 population.
Source: 2007 FBI UCR Data

Atlantic City is governed within the Faulkner Act (formally known as the Optional Municipal Charter Law) under the Mayor-Council system of municipal government (Plan D), implemented by direct petition effective as of July 1, 1982.^[4][147] The City Council is the governing body of Atlantic City. There are nine Council members, who are elected to serve for a term of four years, one from each of six wards and three serving at-large. The City Council exercises the legislative power of the municipality for the purpose of holding Council meetings to introduce ordinances and resolutions to regulate City government. In addition, Council members review budgets submitted by the Mayor; provide for an annual audit of the City's accounts and financial transactions; organize standing committees and hold public hearings to address important issues which impact Atlantic City.^[148] Former Mayor Bob Levy created the Atlantic City Ethics Board in 2007, but the Board was dissolved two years later by vote of the Atlantic City Council.

As of 2016, the Mayor is Don Guardian, whose term of office ends on December 31, 2017.^[5] Members of the City Council are Council President Marty Small Sr. (2nd Ward, 2019), Council Vice President Aaron "Sporty" Randolph (1st Ward, 2019), Chuen "Jimmy" Cheng (5th Ward, 2019), Moisse "Mo" Delgado (At-Large, 2017), Frank M. Gilliam Jr. (At-Large, 2017), Jesse O. Kurtz (6th Ward, 2019), William "Speedy" Marsh (4th Ward, 2019), Kaleem Shabazz (3rd Ward, 2019) and George Tibbitt (At-Large, 2017).^{[149][150][151][152][153]}

Mayoral disappearance and resignation

Following questions about false claims he had made about his military record, Mayor Bob Levy left City Hall in September 2007 in a city-owned vehicle for an unknown destination. After a 13-day absence, his lawyer revealed that Levy was in Carrier Clinic, a rehabilitation hospital.^[154] Levy resigned in October 2007 and then-Council President William Marsh assumed the office of Mayor^[155] and served six weeks until an interim mayor was named.

Federal, state and county representation

Atlantic City is located in the 2nd Congressional district^[156] and is part of New Jersey's 2nd state legislative district.^{[10][157][158]}

New Jersey's Second Congressional District is represented by Frank LoBiondo (R, Ventnor City).^[159] New Jersey is represented in the United States Senate by Cory Booker (D, Newark, term ends 2021)^[160] and Bob Menendez (D, Paramus, 2019).^[161][162]

For the 2016–2017 session (Senate, General Assembly), the 2nd Legislative District of the New Jersey Legislature is represented in the State Senate by Jim Whelan (D, Atlantic City) and in the General Assembly by Chris A. Brown (R, Ventnor City) and Vince Mazzeo (D, Northfield).^[163] The Governor of New Jersey is Chris Christie (R, Mendham Township).^[164] The Lieutenant Governor of New Jersey is Kim Guadagno (R, Monmouth Beach).^[165]

Atlantic County is governed by a directly elected executive and a nine-member Board of Chosen Freeholders, responsible for legislation. The executive serves a four-year term and the freeholders are elected to staggered three-year terms, of which four are elected from the county on an at-large basis and five of the freeholders represent equally populated districts.^[166][167] As of 2015, Atlantic County's Executive is Republican Dennis Levinson, whose term of office ends December 31, 2015.^[168] Members of the Board of Chosen Freeholders are Chairman Frank D. Formica, Freeholder District 2, including Atlantic City (part), Egg Harbor Township (part), Linwood, Longport, Margate, Northfield, Somers Point and Ventnor (R, 2015),^[169] Vice Chairman James A. Bertino, Freeholder District 5, including Buena Borough, Buena Vista Township, Corbin City, Egg Harbor City, Estell Manor, Folsom, Hamilton Township (part), Hammonton, Mullica Township and Weymouth (R, 2015),^[170] Colin G. Bell, Freeholder At-Large (R, 2015),^[171] John Carman, Freeholder District 3, including Egg Harbor Township (part) and Hamilton Township (part) (R, 2017),^[172] Ernest D. Coursey, Freeholder District 1, including Atlantic City (part), Egg Harbor Township (part) and Pleasantville (R, 2016),^[173] Richard Dase, Freeholder District 4, including Absecon, Brigantine, Galloway Township and Port Republic (D, 2016),^[174] Alexander C. Marino, Freeholder At-Large (R, 2017),^[175] Will Pauls, Freeholder At-Large (R, 2016)^[176] and John W. Risley, Freeholder At-Large (R, 2017).^{[177][178][179]} Constitutional officers are County Clerk Edward P. McGettigan (2016),^[180] Sheriff Frank X. Balles (R, 2017)^[181] and Surrogate James Curcio (2015).^[182][183]

Politics

As of March 23, 2011, there were a total of 20,001 registered voters in Atlantic City, of which 12,063 (60.3% vs. 30.5% countywide) were registered as Democrats, 1,542 (7.7% vs. 25.2%) were registered as Republicans and 6,392 (32.0% vs. 44.3%) were registered as Unaffiliated. There were 4 voters registered to other parties.^[184] Among the city's 2010 Census population, 50.6% (vs. 58.8% in Atlantic County) were registered to vote, including 67.0% of those ages 18 and over (vs. 76.6% countywide).^[184][185]

In the 2012 presidential election, Democrat Barack Obama received 9,948 votes (86.6% vs. 57.9% countywide), ahead of Republican Mitt Romney with 1,548 votes (13.5% vs. 41.1%) and other candidates with 49 votes (0.4% vs. 0.9%), among the 11,489 ballots cast by the city's 21,477 registered voters, for a turnout of 53.5% (vs. 65.8% in Atlantic County).^[186][187] In the 2008 presidential election, Democrat Barack Obama received 10,975 votes (82.1% vs. 56.5% countywide), ahead of Republican John McCain with 2,175 votes (16.3% vs. 41.6%) and other candidates with 82 votes (0.6% vs. 1.1%), among the 13,370 ballots cast by the city's 26,030 registered voters, for a turnout of 51.4% (vs. 68.1% in Atlantic County).^[188] In the 2004 presidential election, Democrat John Kerry received 8,487 votes (74.5% vs. 52.0% countywide), ahead of Republican George W. Bush with 2,687 votes (23.6% vs. 46.2%) and other candidates with 96 votes (0.8% vs. 0.8%), among the 11,389 ballots cast by the city's 23,310 registered voters, for a turnout of 48.9% (vs. 69.8% in the whole county).^[189]

In the 2013 gubernatorial election, Democrat Barbara Buono received 4,293 ballots cast (52.6% vs. 34.9% countywide), ahead of Republican Chris Christie with 2,897 votes (35.5% vs. 60.0%) and other candidates with 63 votes (0.8% vs. 1.3%), among the 8,155 ballots cast by the city's 23,049 registered voters, yielding a 35.4% turnout (vs. 41.5% in the county).^[190][191] In the 2009 gubernatorial election, Democrat Jon Corzine received 4,988 ballots cast (69.9% vs. 44.5% countywide), ahead of Republican Chris Christie with 1,578 votes (22.1% vs. 47.7%), Independent Chris Daggett with 157 votes (2.2% vs. 4.8%) and other candidates with 99 votes (1.4% vs. 1.2%), among the 7,141 ballots cast by the city's 22,585 registered voters, yielding a 31.6% turnout (vs. 44.9% in the county).^[192]

City and state agencies

New Jersey Casino Control Commission

The New Jersey Casino Control Commission is a New Jersey state governmental agency that was founded in 1977 as the state's gaming control board, responsible for administering the Casino Control Act and its regulations to assure public trust and confidence in the credibility and integrity of the casino industry and casino operations in Atlantic City. Casinos operate under licenses granted by the Commission. The Commission is headquartered in the Arcade Building at Tennessee Avenue and Boardwalk in Atlantic City.^[193]

New Jersey Division of Gaming Enforcement

The New Jersey Division of Gaming Enforcement is a division of the New Jersey Department of Law and Public Safety and is responsible for certifying casino gaming revenue, registering casino employees and non-gaming vendors, licensing gaming vendors, and handling all casino patron complaints.^[93]

Casino Reinvestment Development Authority

The CRDA was founded in 1984 and is responsible for directing the spending of casino reinvestment funds in public and private projects to benefit Atlantic City and other areas of the state. From 1985 through April 2008, CRDA spent US$1.5 billion on projects in Atlantic City and US$300 million throughout New Jersey.^[194]

Atlantic City Convention & Visitors Authority

The Convention & Visitors Authority (ACCVA) was in charge of advertising and marketing for the city as well as promoting economic growth through convention and leisure tourism development. The ACCVA managed the Boardwalk Hall and Atlantic City Convention Center, as well as the Boardwalk Welcome Center inside Boardwalk Hall and a welcome center on the Atlantic City Expressway. In 2011, the ACCVA was absorbed into the CRDA as part of the state takeover that created the tourism district.^[195]

Atlantic City Special Improvement District

The Atlantic City Special Improvement District (SID) was a nonprofit organization created in 1992, funded by a special assessment tax on businesses within the improvement district. It carried out various activities to improve the city's business community, including street cleaning and promotional efforts. In 2011, the SID was absorbed by the CRDA; the former SID boundaries would be expanded to the include all areas in the newly formed tourism district. Under the new structure, established by state legislation, the CRDA assumed responsibility for the staff, equipment and programs of the SID. The new SID division includes a SID committee made up of CRDA board members and an advisory council consisting of the current trustees and others.^[196]

Fire department

Atlantic City Fire Department (ACFD)

Operational area
Country	United States
State	New Jersey
City	Atlantic City
Agency overview
Established	April 4, 1904[197]
Staffing	Career
Fire chief	Vincent Granese (acting)[198]
EMS level	BLS First Responder
IAFF	198
Facilities and equipment
Divisions	1
Battalions	1
Stations	6
Engines	7
Ladders	3
Rescues	1
HAZMAT	1
Fireboats	2
Website
www.acfdlocal198.com

The Atlantic City Fire Department (ACFD) provides fire protection and first responder emergency medical services to the city. The ACFD operates out of six fire stations, located throughout the city in one battalion, under the command of a Battalion Chief, who in-turn reports to an on-duty Deputy Chief, or Tour Commander per shift.^[197][199]

Fire station and apparatus locations

Below is a complete listing of all fire station and fire apparatus locations in the city.^[200]

Engine company	Ladder company	Special unit	Chief	Address
Engine 1, Engine 7	Tower Ladder 1	Haz-Mat 1, Air Cascade Unit 1	Battalion 1	Atlantic Ave. and Maryland Ave.
Engine 2		Rescue 1, Marine 1, Marine 2 (Fire Boats)	Deputy Chief 1	Baltic Ave. and N. Indiana Ave.
Engine 3				N. Indiana Ave. and Grant Ave.
Engine 4	Ladder 2(Tiller)	Foam Unit 1		2713 Atlantic Ave.
Engine 5				32 N. Annapolis Ave. and Crossan Ave.
Engine 6	Ladder 3(Tiller)			Atlantic Ave. and S. Annapolis Ave.

Police department

The city is protected by the Atlantic City Police Department, which handles 150,000 calls per year. The Chief of Police is Henry White.^[201]

Education

The Atlantic City School District serves students in pre-kindergarten through twelfth grades. As of the 2013-14 school year, the district's 11 schools had an enrollment of 7,311 students and 714.0 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 10.2:1.^[202] Schools in the district (with 2013-14 enrollment data from the National Center for Education Statistics^[203]) are Venice Park School^[204] (84 students in PreK), Brighton Avenue School^[205] (349 students in grades K-5), Chelsea Heights School^[206] (296; K-8), Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. School Complex^[207] (701; PreK-8), New York Avenue School^[208] (711; PreK-8) Pennsylvania Avenue School^[209] (668; PreK-8 - opened for the 2012-13 school year, with most students shifting from New Jersey Avenue School.^[210]), Richmond Avenue School^[211] (596; K-8), Sovereign Avenue School^[212] (723; PreK-8), Texas Avenue School^[213] (568; K-8), Uptown School Complex^[214] (610; K-8) and Atlantic City High School^[215] (2,005; 9-12).^[216]

Students from Brigantine, Longport, Margate City and Ventnor City attend Atlantic City High School as part of sending/receiving relationships with the respective school districts.^[217]

City public school students are also eligible to attend the Atlantic County Institute of Technology^[218] or the Charter-Tech High School for the Performing Arts, located in Somers Point.^[219]

Oceanside Charter School, which offered pre-Kindergarten through eighth grade, was founded in 1999 and closed in June 2013 when its charter wasn't renewed by the New Jersey Department of Education.^[220]

Founded in 1908, Our Lady Star of the Sea Regional School is a Catholic elementary school, operated under the jurisdiction of the Diocese of Camden.^[221][222]

Nearby college campuses include those of Atlantic Cape Community College and Stockton University, the latter of which offers classes and resources in the city such as the Carnegie Library Center.

Media outlets

Newspapers and magazines

• The Press of Atlantic City
• Atlantic City Insiders
• Atlantic City Weekly
• Casino Connection

Radio stations

• WEHA 88.7 FM – Gospel
• WAYV 95.1 FM – Top 40
• WTTH 96.1 FM – Urban AC
• WFPG 96.9 FM – AC (Lite Rock 96.9)
• WENJ 97.3 FM – Sports
• WTKU 98.3 FM – Classic hits (Kool 98.3)
• WZBZ 99.3 FM – Rhythmic (The Buzz)
• WZXL 100.7 FM – Rock (The Rock Station)
• WWAC 102.7 FM – Top 40 (AC 102.7)
• WMGM 103.7 FM – Mainstream rock (WMGM Rocks)
• WSJO 104.9 FM – Hot AC (Sojo 104.9)
• WJSE 106.3 FM – Alternative
• WPUR 107.3 FM – Country (Cat Country 107.3)
• WWJZ 640 AM – Religious
• WMID 1340 AM – Oldies
• WOND 1400 AM – News/Talk
• WPGG 1450 AM – Talk
• WBSS 1490 AM – Classic hits

Television stations

Atlantic City is part of the Philadelphia television market. However, five stations and one repeater are licensed in the area.

• WACP Channel 4 Atlantic City (Independent)
• WQAV-CD Channel 34 Atlantic City (Asia Vision/Independent)
• WMGM-TV Channel 40 Wildwood (Independent)
• WMCN-TV Channel 44 Atlantic City (Independent/Bounce TV on WMCN DT2)
• W60CX Channel 60 Atlantic City (TBN)
• WWSI Channel 62 Atlantic City (Telemundo)

Infrastructure

Transportation

Roads and highways

As of May 2010, the city had a total of 103.67 miles (166.84 km) of roadways, of which 88.26 miles (142.04 km) were maintained by the municipality, 1.29 miles (2.08 km) by Atlantic County and 5.32 miles (8.56 km) by the New Jersey Department of Transportation and 8.80 miles (14.16 km) by the New Jersey Turnpike Authority.^[223]

The three roadways into Atlantic City are the Black Horse Pike/Harding Highway (US 322/40 via the Albany Avenue drawbridge), White Horse Pike (US 30), and the Atlantic City Expressway. Atlantic City is roughly 132 miles (212 km) south of New York City by road (via the Garden State Parkway) and 55 miles (89 km) southeast of Philadelphia.^[224]

Public transportation

NJ Transit train at the Atlantic City Rail Terminal

ACJA "Jitney" #29 on a casino shuttle run.

NJ Transit #2514 on the 505.

Atlantic City is connected to other cities in several ways. NJ Transit's Atlantic City Rail Terminal^[225] at the Atlantic City Convention Center provides service from 30th Street Station in Philadelphia through several smaller South Jersey communities via the Atlantic City Line.^[226]

On June 20, 2006, the board of NJ Transit approved a three-year trial of express train service between New York Penn Station and the Atlantic City Rail Terminal. The line, known as ACES (Atlantic City Express Service), ran from February 2009 to March 2012. The approximate travel time was  2 ¹⁄₂ hours, with a stop at Newark's Penn Station, and was part of the casinos' multimillion-dollar investments in Atlantic City. Most of the funding for the transit line was provided by Harrah's Entertainment (owners of both Harrah's Atlantic City and Caesars Atlantic City) and the Borgata.^[227]

The Atlantic City Bus Terminal is the home to local, intrastate and interstate bus companies including NJ Transit, Academy and Greyhound bus lines. The Greyhound Lucky Streak Express offers service to Atlantic City from New York City, Philadelphia, Baltimore, Boston, and Washington, D.C.^[228]

Within the city, public transportation is provided by NJ Transit along 13 routes, including service between the city and the Port Authority Bus Terminal in Midtown Manhattan on the 319 route, and service to and from Atlantic City on routes 501 (to Brigantine Beach), 502 (to Atlantic Cape Community College), 504 (to Ventnor Plaza), 505 (to Longport), 507 (to Ocean City), 508 (to the Hamilton Mall), 509 (to Ocean City), 551 (to Philadelphia), 552 (to Cape May), 553 (to Upper Deerfield Township), 554 (to the Lindenwold PATCO station) and 559 (to Lakewood Township).^[229][230]

The Atlantic City Jitney Association (ACJA) offers service on four fixed-route lines and on shuttles to and from the rail terminal.^[231]

Airline service

Commercial airlines serve Atlantic City via Atlantic City International Airport, located 9 miles (14 km) northwest of the city in Egg Harbor Township. Many travelers also fly into Philadelphia International Airport, Trenton-Mercer Airport, or Newark Liberty International Airport, where there are wider selections of carriers from which to choose. The historic downtown Bader Field airport is now permanently closed and plans are in the works to redevelop the land.

Atlantic City International Airport is a focus city for Spirit Airlines. The airport is also served by Air Canada Express, as well as various scheduled chartered flight companies.

Healthcare

The AtlantiCare Regional Medical Center City Campus

The AtlantiCare Regional Medical Center is a health system based in Atlantic City. Founded in 1898, it includes two hospitals; the Atlantic City Campus and the Mainland Campus in Pomona, New Jersey. It has Atlantic City's only cancer institute, heart institute, and neonatal intensive care unit.^[232]

Utilities

South Jersey Industries provides natural gas to the city under the South Jersey Gas division. Marina Energy and its subsidiary, Energenic, a joint business venture with a long-time business partner, operate two thermal power stations in the city. The Marina Thermal Plant serves the Borgata while a second plant serves the Resorts Hotel and Casino.^[233] Another thermal plant is the Midtown Thermal Control Center on Atlantic and Ohio Avenues built by Conectiv, which opened in 1997 and provides chilled water for hotels and other facilities along the Boardwalk.^[234]

Electrical power in Atlantic City as well as the surrounding area is primarily served by Atlantic City Electric, which was incorporated in 1924 and provides power from the Beesley's Point Generating Station in Upper Township, as well as other locations.^[235]

Jersey-Atlantic is the first coastal wind farm in the United States and a tourist attraction^[236]

The Jersey-Atlantic Wind Farm, opened in 2005, is the first onshore coastal wind farm in the United States.^[237] In October 2010, North American Offshore Wind Conference was held in the city and included tours of the facility and potential sites for further development.^[238] In February 2011, the state passed legislation permitting the construction of windmills for electricity along pre-existing piers, such as the Steel Pier.^[239][240] The first phase of the Atlantic Wind Connection, a planned electrical transmission backbone along the Jersey Shore is planned to be operational in 2013.

The development of wind power in New Jersey could lead to the construction of the first American wind farm using offshore wind power off the coast at Atlantic City as early as 2012. In May 2011, Cape May-based Fisherman's Energy gained New Jersey approval for a demonstration project to build six wind turbines 2.5 miles (4.0 km) off the coast called "Fisherman's Atlantic City Windfarm".^[241] The project still needs a U.S. Army Corps of Engineers permit before construction can begin. Sited in state waters, less than 3 nautical miles (5.6 km) from shore, it will not require other federal approval. It will have power generation capacity of less than 25 megawatts and will cost between $250 million to $300 million. The project may come on line late 2012, making the first commercial offshore wind farms in the USA,^{[242][243][244]} earning the city the title of "Birthplace of Offshore Wind Energy in the Americas".^[241]

In popular culture

In addition to the city's exposure in the HBO series Boardwalk Empire, Atlantic City has been featured in several other aspects of pop culture.

In video games

• The game Omerta – City of Gangsters, takes place in Atlantic City during the Prohibition era. The protagonist immigrated from Sicily to Atlantic City to start a Rum-running operation and a criminal syndicate that is part of the Italian Mafia.

In film

• A majority of the 1972 film The King of Marvin Gardens takes place in a snow-covered Atlantic City prior to casino gambling.^[245]
• The 1980 movie, Atlantic City, took place in various parts of the city.^[246]
• The 1984 movie Desperately Seeking Susan features some scenes shot in Atlantic City.
• The protagonists in the 1988 film Beaches are shown having their first meeting under the Atlantic City boardwalk as children, in 1958.
• The 1990 film The Godfather Part III includes a scene in which a helicopter attacks a meeting of Mafia bosses including protagonist Michael Corleone taking place in a penthouse at an Atlantic City hotel.
• The 1998 film, Snake Eyes, was set at a boxing match inside Trump Taj Mahal in Atlantic City.
• Part of the 2010 movie, The Bounty Hunter, takes place at the Borgata and Trump Taj Mahal.
• One of the early fights in the 2010 film, The Fighter, took place in Atlantic City.
• One of the fights in the 2011 movie, Warrior, takes place inside Boardwalk Hall, with the post-fight press conference taking place on the boardwalk and a pre-fight talk between the two brothers taking place on the beach outside Trump Plaza.
• The 1989 film Penn and Teller Get Killed was filmed on location in Atlantic City.^[247]
• Rounders includes scenes filmed in the Taj Mahal poker room.^[248]

In television

• The 1954 TV series On the Boardwalk with Paul Whiteman was shot at the Steel Pier in Atlantic City.^[249]
• The 1960 animated TV series The Flintstones episode "The Buffalo Convention" has Fred and Barney fooling their wives, in order to go to the Water Buffalo Convention, which is being held at Frantic City.^[250]
• The 1980 TV series Big Shamus, Little Shamus is set at a fictional Atlantic City casino, starring Brian Dennehy as a house detective.^[251]
• The short-lived 1988 game show Yahtzee was taped in Atlantic City, first originating from Trump Castle before moving to the Showboat.
• The 1990 game show Trump Card was filmed at the Trump Castle.^[252]
• The short-lived 1991 game show Ruckus, which aired locally on WNBC in New York City, was taped at Resorts Casino Hotel, then owned by the show's producer, Merv Griffin.^[253]
• The 1993 The X files episode "The Jersey Devil" is mainly set in Atlantic City.^[254]
• The 2002 Sex and The City episode "Luck Be An Old Lady" is set in Atlantic City.^[255]
• The 2004 The Simpsons episode "Catch 'Em If You Can" is set partly in Atlantic City.
• The 2006 episode "Atlantic City" of the TV series How I Met Your Mother is set in Atlantic City.
• The 2009 series Life After People showed the cities casinos, hotels, and boardwalk collapsing with no people to maintain the city. It is shown as being unrecognizable after 200 years, sooner than most cities due to hurricanes, salty air promoting corrosion and rising sea levels.
• The 2010 TV series Boardwalk Empire is set primarily in Atlantic City.^[256]
• Part of the 2012 Family Guy episode "Joe's Revenge" is set in Atlantic City.
• The Real Housewives of New Jersey Season 2 Reunion was recorded on a set at Borgata.^[257] The Season 1 episode, "Casinos and C-Cups" was also filmed in the city. Also promotional photo of original cast shot on Boardwalk.
• The Criminal Minds episode "The Uncanny Valley" (the twelfth episode of the show's fifth season) deals with a suspect with an unusual obsession in Atlantic City.^[258]
• The Criminal Minds episode "Snake Eyes" (the thirteenth episode of the show's seventh season) deals with a spree killer operating in Atlantic City.^[259]
• The 2011 Castle (TV series) episode "Heartbreak Hotel" is set partly in Atlantic City.^[260]

In literature

• Harlan Coben's 2012 novel, Stay Close is almost entirely set in Atlantic City.
• Judy Blume's 1981 novel, Tiger Eyes, is partially set in Atlantic City; the family temporarily relocate to New Mexico after a tragic event.
• A Marvel Comics one-shot comic book starring Wolverine, entitled "Under The Boardwalk" takes place in Atlantic City in the form of one of the titular character's flashbacks.
• Imitation of Life – First appearing with a different title as a serialized novel in a periodical, later this best-seller by Fannie Hurst was twice interpreted by Hollywood. Set in early 20th century Atlantic City.^[261]

In music

• The video for Detroit's Most Wanted's song The Money Is Made was filmed in Atlantic City and is considered the first rap video to ever be filmed in a casino.^[262]
• The video for Gang Starr's 1992 hit song "Dwyck" featuring Nice & Smooth was filmed on the boardwalk.^[263]
• The video for the Bruce Springsteen 1982 song "Atlantic City" begins with the demolition of the Blenheim Hotel, one of the old hotels in Atlantic City, then shows many of the early casinos in the city such as Caesars, Playboy, and an under-construction Harrah's.^[264]

Notable people

People who were born in, residents of, or otherwise closely associated with Atlantic City include:

• Hakeem Abdul-Shaheed (born 1959), convicted drug dealer and organized crime leader.^[265]
• Jack Abramoff (born 1958), former lobbyist who was embroiled in high-profile political scandals. Abramoff was born in Atlantic City and lived there until age 10.^[266]
• Robert Agnew (born 1953), professor of sociology at Emory University and president of the American Society of Criminology.^[267]
• Joe Albany (1924–1988), jazz pianist.^[268]
• Jeordie White (born 1971), bass player and guitarist for metal band Marilyn Manson.
• James Avery (1945–2013), actor best known for portrayal of patriarch Philip Banks, Will Smith's character's uncle, in TV series The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air.^[269]
• Harry Bacharach (1873–1947), mayor of Atlantic City in 1912 for six months, again from 1916 to 1920, and again from 1930 to 1935.^[270]
• Isaac Bacharach (1870–1956), represented New Jersey's 2nd congressional district from 1915 to 1937.^[271]
• Edward L. Bader (1874–1927), mayor from 1920 to 1927.^[272]
• Joseph Carleton Beal (1900–1967), co-writer of the Christmas song Jingle Bell Rock.^[273]
• Edwin Blum (1906–1995), screenwriter for films Stalag 17 and The New Adventures of Tarzan.^[274]
• Jack Boucher (1931–2012), photographer for National Park Service for more than 40 years beginning in 1958, chief photographer for the Historic American Buildings Survey.^[275]
• Horace J. Bryant (1909–1983), first African American to serve in a State Cabinet position in New Jersey.^[276]
• Benjamin Burnley (born 1978), musician, best known as lead vocalist, rhythm guitarist and primary songwriter for band Breaking Benjamin.^[277]
• Greg Buttle (born 1954), linebacker for New York Jets.^[278]
• Harry Carroll (1892–1962), songwriter who composed music for "I'm Always Chasing Rainbows", "The Trail of the Lonesome Pine" and "By the Beautiful Sea".^[279]
• Rosalind Cash (1938–1995), actress nominated for an Emmy Award for PBS production of Go Tell It on the Mountain.^[280]
• Rocky Castellani (1926–2008), middleweight boxer best known for split-decision loss to Sugar Ray Robinson in which he knocked Robinson down in the sixth round.^[281]
• Vera Coking, property owner who prevailed in her battle to oppose Donald Trump's efforts to acquire her boarding house using eminent domain.^[282]
• Jack Collins (born 1943), Speaker of the New Jersey General Assembly from 1996 until 2002, making him the longest-serving speaker in Assembly history.^[283]
• Alisa Cooper (born 1952), commissioner of New Jersey Casino Control Commission since 2012, served since 2006 on Atlantic County Board of Chosen Freeholders.^[284]
• Stuart Dischell (born 1954), poet and professor of English at University of North Carolina at Greensboro.^[285]
• Robert Ettinger (1918–2011), academic, known as "the father of cryonics" based on the impact of his 1962 book The Prospect of Immortality.^[286]
• Frank S. Farley (1901–1977), member of New Jersey Legislature for 34 years, boss of Republican political machine that controlled the Atlantic City and Atlantic County governments.^[287]
• Vera King Farris (1938–2009), third president of Stockton University.^[288]
• Chris Ford (born 1949), head coach of the Boston Celtics, Milwaukee Bucks, Los Angeles Clippers, and Philadelphia 76ers.^[289]
• Helen Forrest (1917–1999), singer for three of the most popular big bands of the Swing Era, earning reputation as "the voice of the name bands."^[290]
• John F. Gaffney (1934–1995), politician who served in the New Jersey General Assembly, where he represented the 2nd Legislative District from 1992 until his death.^[291]
• John J. Gardner (1845–1921), represented New Jersey's 2nd congressional district from 1885 to 1893, mayor of Atlantic City 1868–75.^[292]
• Patsy Garrett (born 1921), actress.^[293]
• Milton W. Glenn (1903–1967), represented New Jersey's 2nd congressional district from 1957 to 1965.^[294]
• William Green (born 1979), NFL running back who played for the Cleveland Browns.^[295]
• Marjorie Guthrie (1917–1983), dancer of the Martha Graham Company and dance teacher who was the wife of folk musician Woody Guthrie.^[296]
• John R. Hargrove Sr. (born 1923), federal judge appointed by President Ronald Reagan to the United States District Court for the District of Maryland.^[297]
• Celestine Tate Harrington (1956–1998), quadriplegic street musician known for playing keyboard with her lips, teeth and tongue on the Atlantic City boardwalk.^[298]
• James Hillman (1926–2011), developer of archetypal psychology.^[299]
• Pete Hunter (born 1980), cornerback for NFL's Seattle Seahawks.^[300]
• Walter S. Jeffries (1893–1954), represented New Jersey's 2nd congressional district from 1939 to 1941.^[301]
• Candy Jones (1925–1990), fashion model, writer and radio talk show host.^[302]
• Allan Kaprow (1927–2006), pioneer in establishing concepts of performance art, painter, influenced Fluxus.^[303]
• Pinky Kravitz (1927–2015), radio broadcaster and print journalist who hosted "Pinky's Corner" on WOND from an array of Atlantic City locations from 1958 until a few months before his death in 2015, hosted "WMGM presents Pinky!" for years on WMGM-TV and wrote columns for many periodicals including The Press of Atlantic City.^[304]
• Lee B. Laskin (born 1936), attorney, politician and judge who served in both houses of the New Jersey Legislature before being appointed to serve on the New Jersey Superior Court.^[305]
• Bob Merrill (1921–1998), songwriter and screenwriter.^[306]
• John P. O'Neill (1952–2001), FBI terrorist specialist who was director of security at the World Trade Center and died in the September 11th, 2001 terrorist attacks.^[307]
• Chris Pallies (born 1957), professional wrestler known as King Kong Bundy.^[308]
• Joseph B. Perskie (1885–1957), Associate Justice of the New Jersey Supreme Court from 1933 to 1947.^[309]
• Alfredo Silipigni (1932–2006), conductor and founder of New Jersey State Opera.^[310]
• George Smathers (1913–2007), United States Senator from Florida.^[311]
• Dave Thomas (1932–2002), founder of Wendy's fast-food restaurant, was born in Atlantic City.^[312]
• Jonathan Van Meter, editor, author and journalist.^[313]
• Jim Whelan (born 1948), member of State Senate who represents 2nd Legislative District, and was Mayor of Atlantic City from 1990 to 2001.^[314]
• Norman Joseph Woodland (1921–2012), inventor of the barcode.^[315]

Gallery

• 

  Atlantic City boardwalk

• 

  Boardwalk in 1917

• 

  Boardwalk on a rainy day

• 

  Boardwalk facing north

• 

  Atlantic Ocean shore in Atlantic City, New Jersey

• 

  Steel Pier Atlantic City Aerial Photography

• 

  Atlantic City Aerial Photography

See also

• Kentucky Avenue Renaissance Festival

Notes

1. At the downtown station, the highest annual number of days with 90 °F (32 °C)+ highs was 14 in 1983.^[67]
2. The corresponding range at Atlantic City Int'l is −11 °F (−24 °C) on February 12, 1979 to 106 °F (41 °C) on June 28, 1969.^[67]
3. Mean monthly maxima and minima (i.e. the highest and lowest temperature readings during an entire month or year) calculated based on data at said location from 1981 to 2010.
4. The official climatology station for Atlantic City was at the Weather Bureau Office downtown from January 1874 to 15 June 1958 and Atlantic City Int'l (ACY) in Egg Harbor Township since 16 June 1958.^[68] ACY's location in the Pine Barrens and distance away from the coast and urban heat island of downtown Atlantic City largely account for its markedly colder temperatures at night as compared to downtown; for example, from 1959 to 2013, there were 50 days with a low of 0 °F (−18 °C) or lower, while in the same period, the corresponding number of days at downtown was 2. The National Weather Service ceased regular snowfall observations at downtown after the winter of 1958–59.

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4. 2012 New Jersey Legislative District Data Book, Rutgers University Edward J. Bloustein School of Planning and Public Policy, March 2013, p. 12.
5. "Incoming Atlantic City Mayor Don Guardian is scheduled to take his official oath today.", Press of Atlantic City. Accessed January 1, 2014.
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45. Waltzer, Jim. "When the Democrats Came to Town: Atlantic City hosted LBJ and company in 1964 and it was not an artistic success" Archived January 14, 2011, at the Wayback Machine., Atlantic City Weekly, November 23, 2006. Accessed February 4, 2012. "The Democratic minions launched their opening ceremonies on Aug. 24 in Atlantic City, chosen for no small reason due to Johnson's close friendship with New Jersey Governor Richard Hughes."
46. Hoffman, Lori. "Tropicana Celebrates 30 Years in Atlantic City; The casino has had a bumpy ride in last decade, but is currently on the rise again" Archived July 15, 2014, at the Wayback Machine., Atlantic City Weekly, November 9, 2011. Accessed August 23, 2013. "Tropicana Milestones• 1978: Ramada purchases the former Ambassador Hotel building for $20 million• 1981: Tropicana Atlantic City officially opens on November 23 including indoor amusement area Tivoli Pier"
47. Clarity, James F. "It's 'Place Your Bets' at Opening Of First Gambling Casino in East An Inlay of Gaudiness 'So Far, It Looks Good' 'It Rained Quarters' Huge Crowds Expected Minority Groups Complain", The New York Times, May 27, 1978.
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50. Berger, Phil. "Trump fights to make Atlantic City king", Tampa Bay Times, January 23, 1988. Accessed February 4, 2012. "But lately, Trump has begun to show that knack for the bottom line in another endeavor. In less than a year he has become a force in the world of boxing in Atlantic City, N.J., buying the live rights to prime-time bouts that once were almost exclusive to Las Vegas casinos."
51. Janson, Donald. "Atlantic Condominiums Bought for Fun and Profit", The New York Times, August 28, 1983. Accessed October 15, 2015. "Five years after the first casino opened in Atlantic City and began to transform the shabby Boardwalk into a boulevard of gambling and entertainment emporiums, major high-rise luxury condominium projects are beginning to pierce the city's skyline."
52. Painton, Priscilla. "Atlantic City, New Jersey Boardwalk Of Broken DreamsThe hometown of the con job may now be the victim of one", Time (magazine), September 25, 1989. Accessed October 15, 2015. "Today Atlantic City has enough class to bring Cher, the queen of camp, back to the concert stage, enough savvy to have harvested $2.73 billion in the last year from bettors in its casinos, and enough allure to be the most popular destination in America."
53. Kraft, Randy. "Atlantic City is gambling on a brighter future", The Morning Call, September 2, 2001. Accessed January 13, 2012. "Another major improvement is the $330 million Atlantic City- Brigantine connector project, locally known simply as the tunnel. The new 2.5-mile (4.2 km) long highway with a 2,200-foot (670 meter) tunnel opened on July 31. A toll free extension of the Atlantic City Expressway, which links Atlantic City and Philadelphia, it connects the south end of the expressway to casinos in Atlantic City's marina district as well as to neighboring Brigantine."
54. via Associated Press. "Atlantic City to be transformed by 2012; Luxury mega-casinos to change the face of New Jersey's gambling capital", MSNBC, November 20, 2007. Accessed October 15, 2015.
55. Rivlin, Gary. "MGM Plans Casino Resort to Rival Best of Las Vegas", The New York Times, October 11, 2007. Accessed October 15, 2015.
56. "MGM MIRAGE Announces Plan for Multi-Billion Dollar Resort Complex on 72-Acre Site in Atlantic City", Investor Relations, October 10, 2007. Accessed October 15, 2015. "MGM MIRAGE (NYSE: MGM) announced today the company's Board of Directors has approved the development of a major resort casino project at Renaissance Pointe in Atlantic City, New Jersey. The new resort will have a budget in the $4.5-$5 billion range, not including value of the land and associated costs."
57. Stutz, Howard. "Heads butt over plan for Boardwalk bounceback", Las Vegas Review-Journal, March 28, 2010. Accessed January 13, 2012.
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60. via Associated Press. "Revel Entertainment gets $1B financing to finish Atlantic City casino", The Star-Ledger, February 17, 2011. Accessed January 13, 2012. "Revel Entertainment said Thursday that it has secured the final $1 billion-plus it needs to finish its half-built casino on the Atlantic City Boardwalk, a project that is widely considered the best chance for the nation's second-largest gambling market to recover from four years of plunging revenue ... Gov. Chris Christie has committed $261 million in state tax credits to help Revel once it's open"
61. Staff. "Thousands out of work in Atlantic City as big casinos shut doors", Atlantic City News.Net, September 1, 2014. Accessed October 15, 2015. "Showboat, which has operated on the city's boardwalk for 27 years shut its doors on Sunday. On Tuesday the glittering new $2.4 billion Revel Casino will close. Later in September Trump Plaza will close its doors. On 13 January this year the Atlantic Club which was completed in 1980 as the Golden Nugget, which then became the Bally Grand, and a Hilton was the first of the four major casinos to close this year."
62. Young, Elise; and Dopp, Terrence. "N.J. Considers Ending Atlantic City's Gambling Monopoly", Bloomberg Business, September 8, 2014. Accessed October 15, 2015. "Voters may be asked as soon as November 2015 to overturn an almost 40-year-old law that gave Atlantic City a monopoly on gambling in New Jersey.... With as many as five of Atlantic City's 12 casinos closing this year, some lawmakers say allowing gambling in other towns is crucial to reclaim revenue that has gone to New York and Philadelphia."
63. via Associated Press. "Most finally believe that Sandy didn't destroy Atlantic City boardwalk, poll says", The Star-Ledger, May 28, 2013. Accessed July 7, 2013. "Due to Sandy's track, Atlantic City suffered minimal damage and reopened for business five to seven days after the storm."
64. Skilling, Tom. "Historic Sandy landfalls 8 pm Monday evening near Atlantic City with lowest barometric pressure of any storm on record in New Jersey; Chicago being blasted by powerhouse circulation on storms' west side", WGN-9 Chicago Weather Center, October 30, 2012. Accessed October 15, 2015. "Sandy came ashore with an ear-popping central pressure of 943 mb (27.85″) at landfall—a reading MUCH lower (nearly 30 mb lower)than the 972 mb (28.70″) pressure at the center of the so-called October 1991 Perfect Storm, immortalized in the Sebastian Junger book which was later made into a film."
65. Absecon Island Shore Protection Project, United States Army Corps of Engineers. Accessed May 1, 2008. "Construct an approximate $63 million beach and dune system along the 8.1-mile (13.0 km) oceanfront of Absecon Island that includes, the cities of Atlantic City, Ventnor, Margate and Longport."
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84. Staff. "The Cities with the Best and Worst Unemployment Rates: No. 10 (Highest Unemployment): Atlantic City-Hammonton, N.J.", Forbes. Accessed November 15, 2013.
85. Wittkowski, Donald. "Experts question need to reform Atlantic City's 'model' casino regulatory system", The Press of Atlantic City, July 22, 2010. Accessed April 25, 2016.
86. Clark, Michael. "Gov. Christie's office releases conceptual 'maps' of Atlantic City tourism, entertainment districts", The Press of Atlantic City, July 22, 2010. Accessed April 25, 2016.
87. Pizarro, Max. "FDU: voters oppose AC state takeover, 43–29%, PolitickerNJ, February 16, 2011. Accessed April 25, 2016.
88. Clark, Michael. "State defines boundaries for Atlantic City Tourism District; Langford casts lone 'no' vote", The Press of Atlantic City, April 19, 2011. Accessed January 13, 2012. "The Casino Reinvestment Development Authority voted Tuesday to establish a jurisdiction zone known as the Tourism District, a vast chunk of the city targeted for rejuvenation under the supervision of the state agency."
89. Staff. "Atlantic City Tourism District Bill Signed", Hotel Experts – Atlantic City, New Jersey, February 2, 2011. Accessed April 25, 2016.
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94. via Associated Press. "Showboat closing after 27 years in Atlantic City", Asbury Park Press, August 31, 2014. Accessed August 23, 2015.
95. Parry, Wayne via Associated Press. "$2.4 billion flop: Atlantic City's Revel closes after 2 years", The Seattle Times, September 1, 2014. Accessed August 23, 2015.
96. Parry, Wayne via Associated Press. "Trump Plaza, worst performing casino in Atlantic City, goes out of business", Toronto Star, September 16, 2014. Accessed August 23, 2014.
97. via Associated Press. "Atlantic City's Trump Plaza Sold for $20 Million", The Wall Street Journal, February 14, 2013. Accessed October 30, 2015. "The sale leaves the company he once ran, Trump Entertainment Resorts, with just one casino, the Trump Taj Mahal Casino Resort. Mr. Griffin also said his company would consider selling the Trump Taj Mahal, if the price were right."
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101. Wittkowski, Donald. "Trump Plaza Hotel and Casino sold to California company for only $20 million", The Press of Atlantic City, February 15, 2013. Accessed October 30, 2015.
102. Wittkowski, Donald. "Carl Icahn won't approve sale of Trump Plaza for $20M", The Press of Atlantic City, April 23, 2013. Accessed October 30, 2015.
103. Brubaker, Harold. "Revel abandons Brookfield deal", The Philadelphia Inquirer, December 12, 2014. Accessed October 30, 2015. "U.S. Bankruptcy Judge Gloria M. Burns on Wednesday scheduled a hearing for that morning to consider Revel AC Inc.'s motion to terminate its agreement to sell its property to a subsidiary of Brookfield Asset Management Inc. for $110 million."
104. via Associated Press. "Judge: Stockton can find another buyer for Showboat", The Washington Times, August 10, 2015. Accessed October 30, 2015.
105. Lai, Jonathan. "Stockton completes Showboat sale to Blatstein", The Philadelphia Inquirer, January 17, 2016. Accessed June 23, 2016. "The Philadelphia-based developer Bart Blatstein bought the property for $23 million, inheriting a legal mess but clearing Stockton to move forward with other plans." The building was reopened in July 2016 as a non-casino hotel.
106. Staff. "Sands casino in Atlantic City imploded", USA Today, October 19, 2007. Accessed October 30, 2015. "It took less than 20 seconds for the 21-story, 500-room tower where Frank Sinatra once held court to come crashing to the ground shortly after 9:30 p.m. in the first implosion of an East Coast casino. The demolition makes way for a mega-casino to be built on the Sands site by Pinnacle Entertainment at an estimated cost of $1.5 billion to $2 billion."
107. Staff. "Trump Planning to Demolish World's Fair Casino in Atlantic City", The New York Times, July 10, 1999. Accessed October 30, 2015. "Donald J. Trump plans to demolish his World's Fair casino in Atlantic City around the end of the year and may build a 4,000-room, $750 million gambling complex in its place, officials of his development company said yesterday."
108. Today in History: June 26, Library of Congress. Accessed June 23, 2016. "On June 26, 1870, the first section of the Atlantic City Boardwalk opened along the New Jersey beach."
109. Atlantic City FAQs: Where and when was the first boardwalk constructed?, Atlantic City Free Public Library. Accessed September 21, 2016. "The first boardwalk built in the United States was in Atlantic City, New Jersey in 1870."
110. Shea, Rachel Hartigan. "After Sandy: The Future of Boardwalks; In age of extreme weather, should they be rebuilt, redesigned, defended by dunes?", National Geographic (magazine), November 10, 2012. Accessed September 21, 2016. "The first boardwalk built in the United States was a temporary structure. Two local businessmen, weary of sand being tracked into their establishments, convinced the city council of Atlantic City to create a boardwalk in 1870."
111. Brennan, John. "Putting the Atlantic City Boardwalk myth to bed", The Record (Bergen County), October 30, 2012, backed up by the Internet Archive as of November 3, 2012. Accessed June 23, 2016. "The Atlantic City Boardwalk that was washed out by Hurricane Sandy is an area limited to the Boardwalk fronting the Absecon Inlet only. That small section of the Boardwalk is located in South Inlet, a prominent residential section of Atlantic City. It is a small stretch of Boardwalk that is being shown in video footage and photos."
112. Jaffe, Greg. "Atlantic City takes stock of storm damage", The Washington Post, October 30, 2012. Accessed June 23, 2016. "One section of the famed boardwalk was destroyed, but most of it was intact, and on Tuesday, as white foam from the roiling Atlantic Ocean sprayed across it, the only people around were a few store owners who had come to check on their shops, some wave watchers and a few homeless men."
113. Down the Shore: Summer in Atlantic City, Independence Seaport Museum. Accessed June 23, 2016. "The first Atlantic City boardwalk was built in 1870, and twelve years later, in 1882, Ocean Pier, the world's first oceanside amusement pier was constructed."
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115. "Atlantic City Experience: 100 Years of the Garden Pier", Atlantic City Experience. Accessed June 23, 2016. "Garden Pier stood apart from the other piers in Atlantic City. First opening on July 19, 1913, its 'uptown' location placed it away from the frenzied activity of the bustling downtown."
116. Flynn, Ed. "The Heinz Pier in Atlantic City a 'variety' of fun", Northjersey.com, March 7, 2013. Accessed August 23, 2013.
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118. Keough, W. F. "CENTRAL PIER RIDES AGAIN / A.C. GETS A FAMILY AMUSEMENT CENTER ", The Press of Atlantic City, June 3, 1990. Accessed August 23, 2013. "Central Pier, vacant since the dawn of casino gaming, will re-open its doors Saturday in an $8 million effort by its owners to re-create one of the resort's most famous pre-casino attractions – its amusement parks. Visitors who plan to test the rides later this week at the city's oldest pier will be treated to the screaming upside-down rush of a Super Loop, or the musical lure of a merry-go-round by the sea."
119. Staff. "Before DO AC, America's Playground & Monopoly City Thrived.", Researching New Jersey History, February 21, 2013. Accessed September 21, 2016.
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121. Ecenbarger, Bill. "How to improve a property is the story of Monopoly", The Philadelphia Inquirer, May 31, 2009. Accessed September 23, 2016. "In the summer of 1929, Ruth Hoskins, a Quaker schoolteacher from Indianapolis, moved to Atlantic City, where she introduced the game to her new friends - and made a version using Atlantic City street names. Friends then showed the game to Charles E. Todd, a Philadelphia hotel manager, who passed it on to an acquaintance named Charles Darrow, who soon was playing it in Philadelphia.... Darrow refined the game and then claimed he'd invented it."
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138. Leonard, Nicole. "Miss'd America pageant finds new home in Atlantic City's Borgata", The Press of Atlantic City, May 22, 2015. Accessed September 21, 2016. "The reigning queen of the Miss'd America pageant, the LGBT spoof of Miss America, will relinquish her crown to a new winner on Sept. 26 as contestants from across the country descend on Atlantic City.The pageant has been held in recent years at Boardwalk Hall, Harrah's Resort and House of Blues at Showboat Casino Hotel since first returning to Atlantic City in 2010.... Since its inception in 1994, the Miss'd America pageant has raised over $280,000 for local LGBT charities and organizations."
139. Kinon, Christina. "HBO's 'Boardwalk Empire' uses New York as a stand-in for Atlantic City, Chicago and Los Angeles", New York Daily News, September 8, 2010. Accessed September 21, 2016.
140. Cronick, Scott. "Press documentary 'Boss of the Boardwalk' chronicles the life and times of Nucky Johnson", The Press of Atlantic City, August 20, 2010. Accessed September 23, 2016. "Boss of the Boardwalk, a 45-minute documentary by staff writers Michael Clark and Dan Good, premiered at 7 p.m. Saturday, Aug. 21, on NBC TV-40. It will receive six additional airings throughout August and September, including 3 p.m. Sept. 19, the same day Boardwalk Empire will begin its 12-episode first season."
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146. Spoto, MaryAnn. "Surfers fighting to save dwindling free beaches", NJ Advance Media for NJ.com, May 20, 2015. Accessed October 30, 2015. "New Jersey has five free guarded ocean beaches – Atlantic City, Wildwood, North Wildwood, Wildwood Crest and the Strathmere section of Upper Township."
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155. Cox, Paul. "Marsh is sworn in as Atlantic City mayor", The Star-Ledger, October 11, 2007. Accessed June 14, 2016. "Atlantic City City Council President William 'Speedy' Marsh was sworn in as the resort's mayor Wednesday afternoon by City Clerk Rosemary Adams, according to a report in the Press of Atlantic City. The event occurred just hours after former Mayor Bob Levy resigned amid an ongoing federal investigation into his military record and after Levy had returned from a stay at a Somerset County clinic that specializes in mental health and addiction recovery."
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196. Previti, Emily. "Atlantic City Special Improvement District votes to dissolve, transfer assets to CRDA", The Press of Atlantic City, April 18, 2011. Accessed May 11, 2011.
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232. AtlantiCare Regional Medical Center: Atlantic City Campus, AtlantiCare Regional Medical Center City Division. Accessed December 4, 2015. "AtlantiCare Regional Medical Center's Atlantic City Campus was Atlantic City's first hospital, founded in 1898."
233. Company History, South Jersey Industries. Accessed December 4, 2015. "Marina's first project was the construction of the Marina Thermal Energy facility in Atlantic City, which opened in 2003. Marina Thermal provides Borgata Casino Hotel & Spa's heating, cooling and hot water needs in addition to electric generation."
234. Ianeri, Brian. "Atlantic City cooling plant slashes electricity costs with innovative technology", The Press of Atlantic City, July 6, 2014. Accessed December 4, 2015. "New technology that slashed electricity costs by nearly 25 percent at the Midtown Thermal Control Center may benefit people from Dubai and Abu Dhabi to California and Texas. The 17-year-old Atlantic Avenue plant functions as a massive air-conditioning system that cools several Boardwalk casinos and hotels, Boardwalk Hall and the Pier Shops at Caesars."
235. About Us, Atlantic City Electric. Accessed December 4, 2015. "Atlantic City Electric, a subsidiary of Pepco Holdings, Inc. (PHI), delivers safe, reliable and affordable electric service to more than 545,000 customers in southern New Jersey."
236. Urgo, Jacqueline L. "Atlantic City wind turbines become a tourist attraction", The Press of Atlantic City, June 12, 2011. Accessed December 4, 2015. "Some casino hotel guests are so fascinated that they ask for rooms with a view of the five delicate fans, resort operators say. So the Atlantic County Utilities Authority is cranking open the security gates at the Route 30 wastewater-treatment facility that houses the turbines for twice-a-week tours in June, July, and August."
237. Jersey-Atlantic Wind Farm, Atlantic City Utilities Authority. Accessed December 4, 2015.
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245. Staff. "The King of Marvin Gardens (1972)", The New York Times. Accessed November 15, 2013. "Dreams die hard in wintry Atlantic City in Bob Rafelson's downbeat character drama."
246. Canby, Vincent. "Atlantic City (1980)", The New York Times, April 3, 1981. Accessed November 15, 2013. "Atlantic City, Louis Malle's fine new movie, may be one of the most romantic and perverse ghost stories ever filmed, set not in a haunted castle but in a haunted city, the contemporary Atlantic City, a point of transit where the dead and the living meet briefly, sometimes even make love, and then continue on their individual ways."
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248. Weis, Richard. "FILM / A.C. GETS FAIR SHARE OF EXPOSURE IN 'ROUNDERS'", The Press of Atlantic City, September 8, 1998. Accessed November 15, 2013. "Atlantic City may never again get the star treatment it received from director Louis Malle in 1980 with his dreamy, bittersweet film Atlantic City. But the city does get the proverbial 15 minutes of fame in Rounders, a feature about a pair of go-for-broke poker players that stars Matt Damon and Edward Norton and opens nationally on Friday."
249. ON THE BOARDWALK WITH PAUL WHITEMAN, Library of Congress. Accessed December 26, 2014. "Televised from the Steel Pier, Atlantic City, New Jersey."
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251. Staff. "Picks and Pans Review: Big Shamus, Little Shamus (premiere)A Checklist of This Week's Noteworthy Tv Shows, Books, Movies, Records and Other Happenings", People, October 1, 1979. Vol. 12 No. 14. Accessed December 26, 2014. "Brian (Foul Play) Dennehy is a large, rumpled, divorced Atlantic City house detective whose job is threatened by the conversion of the city into a gambling resort."
252. Staff. "Names and Faces: Trump This, Trump That", Orlando Sentinel, September 21, 1989. Accessed December 26, 2014. "It will be filmed at the Trump Castle Hotel and Casino in Atlantic City, N.J., and will feature three contestants trying to answer questions and thereby filling in their 'Trump Card' – a box of 15 squares."
253. Zuchowski, Dave. "The Arts: The Amazing Johnathan brings magic to Nemacolin", Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, December 30, 2001. Accessed November 5, 2015. "In 1990, Griffin approached him about creating a game show based on his live review. Together they created Ruckus, said to be the wildest game show ever aired. Ruckus was played each day in Atlantic City at Resorts International in front of 700 fans -- the largest audience in game show history. After seeing the wild pilot for the show, NBC bought 65 episodes which aired every night on WNBC."
254. Duffy, Grace. "The X-Files Newbie Recap: 'Conduit,' 'The Jersey Devil'", The Mary Sue, April 13, 2015. Accessed January 14, 2015. "He and Scully are looking into reports of a murder in Atlantic City. A homeless man's body was recovered with the right arm and shoulder missing and possibly eaten off. Mulder produces the X-File on the so-called 'Jersey Devil,' a beast reputed to come out of the woods and attack cars."
255. "69: Luck Be an Old Lady", HBO. Accessed November 5, 2015. "Charlotte's turning 36, but plans on staying 35 as far as anyone else is concerned. To celebrate Charlotte's 'faux' birthday, Carrie, Miranda and Charlotte join Samantha on her latest private jet trip with Richard. Destination: Atlantic City."
256. Shivers, Marla Nicole. "A Boardwalk Empire Tour of Atlantic City", AtlanticCityNJ.com. Accessed December 26, 2014. "The critically-acclaimed original dramatic television series from HBO, Boardwalk Empire tells the story of corruption that takes place in Atlantic City, New Jersey during the Prohibition era."
257. Johnson, Zach. "Jacqueline Laurita 'Goes Crazy' on Teresa Giudice During Real Housewives of New Jersey Reunion", Us Weekly, September 30, 2012. Accessed December 26, 2014. "While taping the Real Housewives of New Jersey reunion special at Atlantic City's Borgata hotel September 7, the costars grew even further apart when cookbook author Giudice, 40, accused her ex-BFF, 41, of hiding her own Las Vegas stripper past, a source tells the new issue of Us Weekly."
258. ttapola (August 10, 2011). ""Criminal Minds" The Uncanny Valley (TV Episode 2010)". IMDb. Retrieved August 10, 2015.
259. Criminal Minds - Season 7 - Episode 13 - "Snake Eyes", CBS. Accessed December 26, 2014. "When an Atlantic City casino boss turns up dead with a ring of eight dollar bills around his head, the BAU is called in to investigate the ritualistic killing."
260. Krikorian, Stephanie. "Castle, Season 4, Episode 8, 'Heartbreak Hotel': TV Recap", The Wall Street Journal, November 7, 2011. Accessed December 26, 2014. "Castle, Ryan and Esposito follow Captain Gates' orders and head to Atlantic City to investigate the murder of the Sapphire Casino owner Sam Seagal, who was found on an abandoned New York City dock with a fat lip and a bullet wound to the chest shot at close range."
261. Imitation of Life.
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263. Fitzgerald, Trent. "Best Summer Hip-Hop Videos: Gang Starr, 'DWYCK'", PopCrush, June 20, 2012. Accessed June 23, 2016. "Gang Starr's 1994 song 'DWYCK' is a classic summer tune that will get any party started just right. In the video, Guru, DJ Premier and Nice & Smooth head to Atlantic City where they chill on the boardwalk and mack with the fly girls."
264. Paumgarten, Nick. "The Death and Life of Atlantic City; Zeno's paradox down the shore.", The New Yorker, September 7, 2015. Accessed June 23, 2016. "For a while, it was home to some of the world's grandest hotels (the Marlborough-Blenheim was the largest reinforced-concrete building in the world, and was later imploded in the music video for Bruce Springsteen's 'Atlantic City'), as well as some of its more ardent iniquities and diversions. The night clubs were as often as not fronts for backroom gambling halls, intermittently tolerated by the authorities."
265. Staff. "HIGH-LIVING N.J. 'MIDGET' CROWNED WITH DRUG INDICTMENT", Philadelphia Daily News, February 16, 1989. Accessed November 15, 2013. "Hakeem Abdul Shaheed gave the kids of the dreary Atlantic City housing projects something to aspire to. He lived like a king, complete with gold crown."
266. "Unraveling Abramoff: Key Players in the Investigation of Lobbyist Jack Abramoff", The Washington Post, October 13, 2006. Accessed June 23, 2007. "Born in Atlantic City, N.J., Abramoff, 46, graduated from Brandeis University and Georgetown University Law Center."
267. Staff. "Crime may rise along with Earth's temperatures", Phys.org, July 12, 2012. Accessed November 15, 2013. "Agnew's background in criminology isn't purely academic. He grew up in the Atlantic City of the 1950s and 60s, before casinos brought tourist dollars and jobs."
268. Reney, Tom. "Joe Albany: Low Down Proto Bopper on Film", New England Public Radio, January 24, 2013. Accessed November 15, 2013. "The Atlantic City native is essentially the sole voice relating his life's story in the documentary, but he sounds humble and reliable, and his recollections of Bird and Pres and Lady Day are appreciative and insightful. Albany came to prominence in the 1940's, holding down the coveted piano chair in bands led by Georgie Auld and Benny Carter, where he was the only white member."
269. Jackson, Vincent. "ACHIEVEMENTS / JAMES AVERY RETURNS HOME TO ACCEPT AWARD FROM NJEA", The Press of Atlantic City, November 10, 2001. Accessed November 15, 2013. "Atlantic City native actor James Avery returned to his hometown this weekend to receive an award acknowledging his promotion of the teaching profession and recognizing his leadership in the acting field."
270. Staff. "Transport: Atlantic City Dream", Time (magazine), November 5, 1934. Accessed November 15, 2013. "Longtime dream of Atlantic City's Mayor Harry Bacharach has been a new railroad station for 'America's Playground.' Last week, on his 61st birthday, Mayor Bacharach's dream came true."
271. A Finding Aid to the Isaac Bacharach Papers. 1882–1956., American Jewish Archives. Accessed November 15, 2013. "Born in Philadelphia, January 5, 1870, Isaac Bacharach was a businessman and banker who pursued a political career as a Republican in New Jersey. After serving on the Atlantic City Council (1907–1911), he was elected to the State Assembly (1913) and the US Congress (1915)."
272. Staff. "MAYOR BADER DIES; ATLANTIC CITY HEAD; Succumbs to Appendicitis Early This Morning – Under Knife on Thursday. ELECTED FOR EIGHT YEARS Former Member of University of Pennsylvania's Football Team – A Contractor for Many Years.", The New York Times, January 29, 1927. Accessed June 2, 2011.
273. Henry, Big Joe. Big Joe's History of Christmas Music, NJ 101.5, December 22, 2012. Accessed February 1, 2013. "What do you get when you combine influences of 1950′s era Atlantic City and Texas? You guessed it! You get the holiday hit Jingle Bell Rock. Composed by Joseph Beal, a public relations professional and longtime resident of Atlantic City, and James Boothe, a Texan writer in the advertising business."
274. Staff. "Edwin Blum: The Full Biography", The New York Times. Accessed November 15, 2013. "A native of Atlantic City, NJ, Blum moved to Los Angeles in 1933 and started out as an assistant to Writers Guild of America president Ernest Pascal."
275. McDonough, Megan. "Jack E. Boucher, longtime National Park Service photographer, dies at 80", The Washington Post, September 13, 2012. Accessed November 15, 2013. "Jack Edward Boucher was born in Buffalo on Sept. 4, 1931, and raised in Atlantic City. He began his career as a photo lab technician and engraver at 18 at the old Atlantic City Tribune, a newspaper where his father was a reporter."
276. Staff. "Horace J. Bryant Dead; Commissioner in Jersey", The New York Times, April 14, 1983. Accessed September 25, 2016. "In 1970, Mr. Bryant returned to Atlantic City, was elected to the City Commission two years later and was City Commissioner of Revenue and Finance until 1980."
277. Tim Argo. "Band Members". Archived from the original on March 30, 2012. Retrieved August 11, 2011.
278. Greg Buttle, Pro-Football-Reference.com. Accessed June 2, 2011.
279. "Harry Carroll", Songwriters Hall of Fame. Accessed November 15, 2013. "Harry Carroll, the composer of such enduring standards as I'm Always Chasing Rainbows, Trail of the Lonesome Pine and By the Beautiful Sea, was born in Atlantic City, New Jersey on November 28, 1892."
280. Gussow, Mel. "Rosalind Cash, 56, at Home on Stage and Screen", The New York Times, November 3, 1995. Accessed December 3, 2007. "Ms. Cash was born in Atlantic City and attended City College of New York."
281. Staff. "CASTELLANI TO BOX GIAMBRA ON FRIDAY", The New York Times, July 29, 1956. Accessed November 15, 2013. "Joey Giambra of Buffalo, hailed as a standout contender for the middleweight title, will meet Rocky Castellani of Atlantic City in the main bout scheduled for ten rounds at Madison Square Garden Friday."
282. Kent, Bill. "ATLANTIC CITY; Land and the Law", The New York Times, August 2, 1998. Accessed November 15, 2013. "ON July 20, Judge Richard Williams of New Jersey Superior Court rejected the use of eminent domain to force Vera Coking, who owns a rooming house, and three other Atlantic City property holders to sell to Donald Trump, saying the seizure would benefit Mr. Trump and not the public at large."
283. Kiely, Eugene. "A Maverick Courting The Conservatives Assembly Speaker Jack Collins Says Morals Come Before Politics. He Hopes That Principle Wins Him Votes Among A Key Constituency.", The Philadelphia Inquirer, March 21, 2000. Accessed November 15, 2013. "Collins hates to lose. It's his competitive nature. He was born in Atlantic City and grew up in Gloucester City."
284. Alisa Cooper, Commissioner, New Jersey Casino Control Commission. Accessed November 15, 2013. "Cooper was born and raised in Atlantic City and graduated from Atlantic City High School."
285. Hannan, Maryanne. "Who Should Tell the Poem? A Conversation with Stuart Dischell", Cerise Press, Fall / Winter 2011–12, Vol. 3 Issue 8. Accessed November 16, 2013. "As for wisdom, perhaps he was referring to my being from Atlantic City where there are lots of wise guys."
286. Brown, Emma. "Robert Ettinger, founder of the cryonics movement, dies at 92", The Washington Post, July 24, 2011. Accessed April 25, 2016. "Robert Chester Wilson Ettinger was born Dec. 4, 1918, in Atlantic City."
287. Kleiman, Dena. "Frank S. Farley, 75, Ex-Legislator And G.O.P. Leader in Jersey, Dies", The New York Times, September 25, 1977. Accessed November 16, 2013. "Mr. Farley, whose friends called him 'Hap' was born in Atlantic City on Dec. 5, 1901, the youngest of 10 children."
288. D'Amico, Diane."Vera King Farris, Stockton college's longest-serving president, dies after short illness", The Press of Atlantic City, November 29, 2009. Accessed November 16, 2013. "An Atlantic City native, Farris was named Stockton's third president in 1983, making her the first black woman college president in New Jersey."
289. Hilt, Ed. "ATLANTIC CITY'S CHRIS FORD TAKES CHARGE OF 76ERS / FIRST GAME TONIGHT FOR HOLY SPIRIT GRAD", The Press of Atlantic City, February 11, 2004. Accessed June 2, 2011.
290. Holden, Stephen. "Helen Forrest, Singer During the Big Band Era, Dies at 82", The New York Times, July 13, 1999. Accessed November 16, 2013. "Born Helen Fogel in Atlantic City, Ms. Forrest performed regularly as a young girl on the New York City radio station WNEW."
291. Staff. Manual of the Legislature of New Jersey: 1993 Edition, p. 231. Accessed September 6, 2016. "Assemblyman Gaffney was born March 23, 1934, in Atlantic City. He married the former Carol Crane in 1986."
292. John James Gardner, Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Accessed August 27, 2007.
293. Staff. "Girl Scout Founder is next Role for Veteran Character Actress", Daily News of Los Angeles, March 11, 1987. Accessed November 16, 2013. "Born in Atlantic City, NJ, where her parents were working in a specialty act, Garrett literally lived in a trunk backstage the first summer of her life."
294. Milton Willits Glenn, Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Accessed August 28, 2007.
295. Leypoldt, Don. "Former Brown Showing New Strength in Christ", Fellowship of Christian Athletes, February 21, 2014. Accessed December 26, 2014. "Green is from Atlantic City. The casinos form a glitzy skyline but just blocks away teem with poverty, gangs and drugs. The gangs and drugs ensnared Green's father."
296. "Marjorie Guthrie", Jewish Women's Archive. Accessed November 16, 2013."Marjorie Guthrie was born in Atlantic City, New Jersey, on October 6, 1917, the fourth of five siblings: Herbert, a merchant marine; Gertrude, an artist; David, a mechanical engineer; and Bernard, a psychiatrist."
297. John R. Hargrove Sr., Archives of Maryland. Accessed November 16, 2013.
298. Feuer, Alan. "Celestine Tate Harrington, 42, Quadriplegic Street Musician", The New York Times, March 7, 1998. Accessed November 16, 2013. "But Atlantic City – bustling with tourists and extra change – beckoned. She arrived on the Boardwalk in 1984, and she eventually moved into a condominium in Atlantic City purchased with the proceeds from her busking."
299. Kidel,Mark. "James Hillman obituary US psychologist who concluded that therapy needed to change the world rather than focus on people's inner lives", The Daily Guardian, December 21, 2011. Accessed November 16, 2013. "Hillman grew up in Atlantic City, New Jersey, with parents in the hotel business – they partly owned the George V in Paris. In a seaside resort that sold and lived by illusion, he spoke of learning early on about things not always being what they seemed."
300. Pete Hunter player profile, database Football. Accessed June 15, 2007.
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302. Flint, Peter B. "Candy Jones Dies; Ex-Model, Teacher, And Writer Was 64", The New York Times, January 19, 1990. Accessed December 20, 2007. Accessed February 1, 2013.
303. Cotter, Holland. "Allan Kaprow, Creator of Artistic 'Happenings,' Dies at 78", The New York Times, April 10, 2006. Accessed June 2, 2011. "Mr. Kaprow was born in Atlantic City and began his career as an abstract painter in New York City in the 1940's, studying with Hans Hofmann."
304. Kuperinsky, Amy. "Atlantic City radio legend Pinky Kravitz dead at 88", NJ Advance Media for NJ.com, November 1, 2015. Accessed November 5, 2015. "The radio man, born in West Virginia, moved to Atlantic City with his family when he was 7. In 1988, the alumnus of Atlantic City High School told the New York Times that a class bully gave him his famous nickname."
305. Staff. Manual of the Legislature of New Jersey; 1990 Edition, p. 208. J.A. Fitzgerald, 1990. Accessed September 28, 2016. "Mr. Laskin was born June 30, 1936, in Atlantic City. He was graduated from Camden High School in 1954."
306. Staff. "Obituary: Bob Merrill", The Independent, February 19, 1998. Accessed April 25, 2016. "The son of a sweet- manufacturer, Merrill was born in 1921 in Atlantic City, New Jersey, but raised in Philadelphia."
307. "The Man Who Knew", Frontline (U.S. TV series). Accessed December 17, 2008.
308. Monk, Cody. "New trend: 'The Body' politico", The Dallas Morning News, November 7, 1998. Accessed June 2, 2011. "What's next? Hollywood Hulk Hogan as mayor of Los Angeles? King Kong Bundy, whose hometown is Atlantic City, as governor of New Jersey?"
309. Staff. "Joseph B. Perskie, Ex-Associate Justice Of New Jersey Supreme Court, Dies at 71", The New York Times, May 30, 1957. Accessed July 5, 2016. "A native of Alliance, Mr. Perskie came to the resort area at the age of 11. He attended public schools here and was graduated from Atlantic City High School in 1904 and Pennsylvania Law School in 1907."
310. Wakin, Daniel J. "Alfredo Silipigni, 74, Who Founded An Opera Company", The New York Times, March 29, 2006. Accessed June 2, 2011. "Alfredo Silipigni was born in Atlantic City on April 9, 1931, a son of Italian immigrants. He attended the Westminster Choir College in Princeton and the Juilliard School."
311. via Associated Press. "George Smathers: 1913 – 2007 ; Ex-senator fought on many fronts; Dapper lawmaker from Florida focused on communism, Latin America", Chicago Tribune, January 21, 2007. Accessed June 2, 2011. "Mr. [George Armistead Smathers] was born on Nov. 13, 1913, in Atlantic City, N.J. His father was a federal judge; his uncle was a U.S. senator. His family moved to Miami when he was 6."
312. Honoring the Life of Dave Thomas Archived July 1, 2007, at the Wayback Machine., Senator Carl Levin, Congressional Record 107th Congress Second Session Wednesday, January 23, 2002. Accessed June 23, 2007. "Rex David 'Dave' Thomas was born on July 2, 1932, in Atlantic City, NJ, and was adopted soon afterward by Rex and Auleva Thomas, who lived in Kalamazoo, MI."
313. Van Meter, Jonathan. "A Die-Hard New Yorker Leaves Manhattan and Embraces the Country Life", Vogue (magazine), October 6, 2014. Accessed April 25, 2016. "When I was 24 and living in Atlantic City, my parents helped me pack up what little stuff I owned into the back of their pickup truck and dropped me off on the corner of One-hundred-second Street and Broadway, where I had found a sublet for $575 a month in the classifieds of The New York Times."
314. Assembly Member James 'Jim' Whelan, Project Vote Smart. Accessed August 8, 2007.
315. Fox, Margalit. "N. Joseph Woodland, Inventor of the Bar Code, Dies at 91", The New York Times, December 12, 2012. Accessed December 12, 2012. "Norman Joseph Woodland was born in Atlantic City on Sept. 6, 1921.

Further reading

• Johnson, Nelson. Boardwalk Empire: The Birth, High Times, and Corruption of Atlantic City (2010); Popular history tied to TV series
• Simon, Bryant. Boardwalk of Dreams: Atlantic City and the Fate of Urban America (2004); Scholarly study

External links

• Atlantic City official website
• Atlantic City travel guide from Wikivoyage
• The Real Boardwalk Empire – slideshow by Life magazine
• Atlantic City, New Jersey at DMOZ