Vineland, New Jersey

For other uses, see Vineland (disambiguation).
Vineland, New Jersey
City
City of Vineland

Downtown Vineland
Motto: "A Harvest of Opportunities in the Heart of the Northeast"

Map of Vineland highlighted within Cumberland County. Right: Location of Cumberland County in New Jersey.

Census Bureau map of Vineland, New Jersey
Coordinates: 39°27′54″N 74°59′50″W / 39.465007°N 74.997115°W / 39.465007; -74.997115Coordinates: 39°27′54″N 74°59′50″W / 39.465007°N 74.997115°W / 39.465007; -74.997115[1][2]
Country  United States
State  New Jersey
County Cumberland
Incorporated February 5, 1952[3]
Government[4]
  Type Faulkner Act Mayor-Council
  Body City Council
  Mayor Ruben Bermudez (term ends December 31, 2016)[5][6]
  Administrator Denise Monaco[7]
  Clerk Keith Petrosky[8]
Area[1]
  Total 69.029 sq mi (178.785 km2)
  Land 68.424 sq mi (177.218 km2)
  Water 0.605 sq mi (1.568 km2)  0.88%
Area rank 16th of 566 in state
2nd of 14 in county[1]
Elevation[9] 98 ft (30 m)
Population (2010 Census)[10][11][12]
  Total 60,724
  Estimate (2015)[13] 60,818
  Rank 24th of 566 in state
1st of 14 in county[14]
  Density 887.5/sq mi (342.7/km2)
  Density rank 398th of 566 in state
2nd of 14 in county[14]
Time zone Eastern (EST) (UTC-5)
  Summer (DST) Eastern (EDT) (UTC-4)
ZIP codes 08360-08362[15][16]
Area code(s) 856[17]
FIPS code 3401176070[1][18][19]
GNIS feature ID 0885428[1][20]
Website www.vinelandcity.org

Vineland is a city in Cumberland County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the city had a total population of 60,724,[10][11][12] reflecting an increase of 4,453 (+7.9%) from the 56,271 counted in the 2000 Census, which had in turn increased by 1,491 (+2.7%) from the 54,780 counted in the 1990 Census.[21] Vineland, Millville and Bridgeton are the three principal New Jersey cities of the Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton Primary Metropolitan Statistical Area, which encompasses those three cities and all of Cumberland County for statistical purposes and had a population of 156,898 as of the 2010 Census.[22]

Vineland was formed on July 1, 1952, through the merger of Landis Township and Vineland Borough, based on the results of a referendum held on February 5, 1952.[3][23][24] Festivities on July 1, 1952, when the merger took effect, included a parade and speeches from such notables as Senator Estes Kefauver.[25] The name is derived from the plans of its founder to use the land to grow grapes.[26][27]

History

Charles K. Landis purchased 30,000 acres (121 km2) of land in 1861 and another 23,000 acres (93 km2) in 1874, near Millville, New Jersey, and along the West Jersey railroad line with service between Camden and Cape May, to create his own alcohol-free utopian society based on agriculture and progressive thinking. The first houses were built in 1862, and train service was established to Philadelphia and New York City, with the population reaching 5,500 by 1865 and 11,000 by 1875.[28][29]

Established as a Temperance Town, where the sale of alcohol was prohibited, Landis required that purchasers of land in Vineland had to build a house on the purchased property within a year of purchase, that 2 12 acres (10,000 m2) of the often-heavily wooded land had to be cleared and farmed each year, and that adequate space be placed between houses and roads to allow for planting of flowers and shade trees along the routes through town. Landis Avenue was constructed as a 100-foot (30 m) wide and about 1-mile (2 km) long road running east-west through the center of the community, with other, narrower roads connecting at right angles to each other.[30]

After determining that the Vineland soil was well-suited for growing grapes (hence the name), Landis started advertising to attract Italian grape growers to Vineland, offering 20 acres (81,000 m2) of land that had to be cleared and used to grow grapes. Thomas Bramwell Welch founded Welch's Grape Juice, and purchased the locally grown grapes to make "unfermented wine" (or grape juice).[30] The fertile ground also attracted the glass-making industry and was home to the Progresso soup company. Throughout the first half of the 20th century, most of the city was involved in the poultry industry, which led to the city being dubbed "The Egg Basket of America."[31]

Vineland Poultry Laboratories (now Lohman Animal Health) was started by Arthur Goldhaft. Dr. Goldhaft is credited with putting "a chicken in every pot" after developing the fowl pox chicken vaccine that saved millions of chickens from death. Dr. Goldhaft's work at Vineland Poultry Laboratories in Vineland, helped protect the world's chicken supply from the fowl pox disease.[32]

Vineland had New Jersey's first school for the intellectual disabled, the Vineland Developmental Center, which now has an east and west campus. These institutions housed mentally handicapped women in fully staffed cottages. Henry H. Goddard, an American psychologist, coined the term "Moron" while directing the Research Laboratory at the Training School for Backward and Feeble-minded Children in Vineland. This facility was so sufficiently well known that one American Prison Association pamphlet in 1955 heralded Vineland as "famous for its contributions to our knowledge of the feebleminded".[33]

The city of Vineland celebrated its 150th birthday in 2011. Mayor Robert Romano initially ordered a custom cake from Buddy Valastro of Carlo's Bake Shop in Hoboken, the business featured in the TLC reality television series Cake Boss. After outcry from local business owners, the order was canceled and five Vineland bakeries were commissioned to create elaborate cakes for the event.[34]

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city had a total area of 69.029 square miles (178.785 km2), including 68.424 square miles (177.218 km2) of land and 0.605 square miles (1.568 km2) of water (0.88%).[1][2] Of all the municipalities in New Jersey to hold the label of City, Vineland is the largest in total area. (Hamilton Township in Atlantic County is the largest municipality in New Jersey in terms of land area. Galloway Township, also in Atlantic County, is the largest municipality in total area, including open water within its borders.)[35]

Vineland borders Deerfield Township, Millville, and Maurice River Township. Vineland also borders Salem County, Gloucester County, and Atlantic County.[36] The city is approximately 38 miles (61 km) from the Atlantic Ocean.

Unincorporated communities, localities and place names located partially or completely within the city include Clayville, Hances Bridge, Leamings Mill, Menantico, North Vineland, Parvins Branch, Pleasantville, South Vineland and Willow Grove.[37]

Demographics

Historical population
Census Pop.
18707,079
18806,005−15.2%
18907,67727.8%
19009,09118.4%
191011,71728.9%
192016,83443.7%
193021,60328.3%
194024,43913.1%
195029,57321.0%
196037,68527.4%
197047,39925.8%
198053,75313.4%
199054,7801.9%
200056,2712.7%
201060,7247.9%
Est. 201560,818[13][38]0.2%
Population sources: 1870-2000[39]
1870-1920[40] 1870[41][42] 1880-1890[43]
1890-1910[44] 1910-1930[45]
1930-1990[46] 2000[47][48] 2010[10][11][12]

Vineland has a Ukrainian community[49] and is home to the Ukrainian Evangelical Baptist Church[50] and several other Ukrainian churches.

2010 Census

At the 2010 United States Census, there were 60,724 people, 21,450 households, and 15,230 families residing in the city. The population density was 887.5 per square mile (342.7/km2). There were 22,661 housing units at an average density of 331.2 per square mile (127.9/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 67.03% (40,703) White, 14.16% (8,600) Black or African American, 0.67% (406) Native American, 1.71% (1,036) Asian, 0.04% (24) Pacific Islander, 12.91% (7,841) from other races, and 3.48% (2,114) from two or more races. Hispanics or Latinos of any race were 38.03% (23,093) of the population.[10]

There were 21,450 households, of which 31.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.2% were married couples living together, 18.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.0% were non-families. 23.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.76 and the average family size was 3.23.[10]

In the city, 24.5% of the population were under the age of 18, 9.4% from 18 to 24, 26.2% from 25 to 44, 26.0% from 45 to 64, and 13.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37.7 years. For every 100 females there were 92.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.1 males.[10]

The Census Bureau's 2006-2010 American Community Survey showed that (in 2010 inflation-adjusted dollars) median household income was $54,024 (with a margin of error of +/- $2,798) and the median family income was $64,185 (+/- $2,216). Males had a median income of $48,974 (+/- $1,402) versus $35,513 (+/- $2,565) for females. The per capita income for the city was $24,512 (+/- $895). About 11.0% of families and 12.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 19.0% of those under age 18 and 9.1% of those age 65 or over.[51]

2000 Census

As of the 2000 United States Census[18] there were 56,271 people, 19,930 households, and 14,210 families residing in the city. The population density was 819.2 people per square mile (316.3/km2). There were 20,958 housing units at an average density of 305.1 per square mile (117.8/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 67.47% White, 13.62% African American, 0.54% Native American, 1.16% Asian, 0.08% Pacific Islander, 14.01% from other races, and 3.13% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 30.00% of the population.[47][48]

There were 19,939 households out of which 80.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.8% were married couples living together, 16.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.7% were non-families. 23.7% of all households were made up of individuals and 11.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.70 and the average family size was 3.17.[47][48]

In the city the population was spread out with 25.7% under the age of 18, 8.3% from 18 to 24, 29.0% from 25 to 44, 22.9% from 45 to 64, and 14.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females there were 92.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.9 males.[47][48]

The median income for a household in the city was $40,076, and the median income for a family was $47,909. Males had a median income of $35,195 versus $25,518 for females. The per capita income for the city was $18,797. About 9.8% of families and 13.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 17.3% of those under age 18 and 13.8% of those age 65 or over.[47][48]

Economy

The marquee of the Landis Theater

Portions of Vineland are part of an Urban Enterprise Zone. In addition to other benefits to encourage employment within the Zone, shoppers can take advantage of a reduced 3½% sales tax rate (versus the 7% rate charged statewide) at eligible merchants.[52]

The main street in Vineland is Landis Avenue. The traditional downtown area is located several blocks east and west of the intersection of Landis Avenue and the Boulevard. The Boulevard is a pair of roads that flank the main north/south railroad, which connected Vineland with Cape May to the south and Camden/Philadelphia to the north. After many years of decline there has been much recent activity to restore the vitality of "The Avenue" and the center city area. New construction includes a new transportation center, courthouse, post office, elementary school / community center and sidewalk upgrades. In 2005, Vineland was designated a Main Street Community and, through the work of this group, money has been earmarked to continue this improvement through property and facade improvements, business retention and marketing.[53]

Government

Local government

The City of Vineland is governed within the Faulkner Act, formally known as the Optional Municipal Charter Law, under the Mayor-Council (Plan A), implemented based on the recommendations of a Charter Study Commission as of July 1, 1952, months after the city's formation.[54] The mayor serves as the city's chief executive, while the City Council is its legislative branch. The mayor and council are elected concurrently to serve four-year terms of office in non-partisan elections held in leap years as part of the November general election.[4][5] An ordinance passed by the council in 2011 shifted elections from May to November, effectively extending the term of members serving at the time by six months.[55]

As of 2016, the Mayor of Vineland is Ruben Bermudez, whose term of office ends on December 31, 2016, along with those of all members of the City Council.[56] Members of the Vineland City Council are Council President Anthony Fanucci, Council Vice President Paul Spinelli, Angela Calakos, Maritza Gonzalez and John Procopio.[5][57][58][59][60][61]

In January 2013, Ruben Bermudez took office as the city's first Hispanic mayor.[62]

Federal, state and county representation

Vineland is located in the 2nd Congressional District[63] and is part of New Jersey's 1st state legislative district.[11][64][65]

New Jersey's Second Congressional District is represented by Frank LoBiondo (R, Ventnor City).[66] New Jersey is represented in the United States Senate by Cory Booker (D, Newark, term ends 2021)[67] and Bob Menendez (D, Paramus, 2019).[68][69]

For the 2016–2017 session (Senate, General Assembly), the 1st Legislative District of the New Jersey Legislature is represented in the State Senate by Jeff Van Drew (D, Dennis Township) and in the General Assembly by Bob Andrzejczak (D, Middle Township) and R. Bruce Land (D, Vineland).[70] The Governor of New Jersey is Chris Christie (R, Mendham Township).[71] The Lieutenant Governor of New Jersey is Kim Guadagno (R, Monmouth Beach).[72]

Cumberland County is governed by a seven-member Board of Chosen Freeholders, who are elected at-large in partisan elections to serve staggered three-year terms in office, with two or three seats coming up for election each year. At an annual reorganization meeting held each January, the freeholders select one member to serve as Freeholder Director and another as Deputy Director.[73][74] As of 2014, Cumberland County's Freeholders (with committee liaison assignments, political party, residence and term-end dates listed in parentheses) are Freeholder Director Joseph Derella (Administration / Public Safety; D, Millville, term ends December 31, 2015),[75] Freeholder Deputy Director Douglas M. Long (NA; D, Upper Deerfield Township, 2015),[76] Darlene Barber (Education; D, 2016, Upper Deerfield Township),[77] Carol Musso (Community Services; D, Deerfield Township, 2014),[78] James Sauro (Agriculture; R, Vineland, 2014),[79] Thomas Sheppard (Health; R, Lawrence Township, 2016)[80] and Tony Surace (Public Works; D, Millville, 2014).[81][82][83][84] The county's constitutional officers are County Clerk Gloria Noto (Vineland, 2014),[85] Sheriff Robert A. Austino (Vineland, 2014)[86] and Surrogate Douglas M. Rainear (Bridgeton, 2018).[87]

Politics

As of March 23, 2011, there were a total of 37,583 registered voters in Vineland, of which 10,388 (27.6%) were registered as Democrats, 6,109 (16.3%) were registered as Republicans and 21,059 (56.0%) were registered as Unaffiliated. There were 27 voters registered to other parties.[88]

In the 2012 presidential election, Democrat Barack Obama received 64.9% of the vote (15,299 cast), ahead of Republican Mitt Romney with 34.2% (8,074 votes), and other candidates with 0.9% (218 votes), among the 23,880 ballots cast by the city's 39,605 registered voters (289 ballots were spoiled), for a turnout of 60.3%.[89][90] In the 2008 presidential election, Democrat Barack Obama received 62.6% of the vote (15,743 cast), ahead of Republican John McCain, who received 35.2% (8,862 votes), with 25,144 ballots cast among the city's 39,098 registered voters, for a turnout of 64.3%.[91] In the 2004 presidential election, Democrat John Kerry received 53.8% of the vote (12,506 ballots cast), outpolling Republican George W. Bush, who received around 43.6% (10,131 votes), with 23,253 ballots cast among the city's 35,943 registered voters, for a turnout percentage of 64.7.[92]

In the 2013 gubernatorial election, Republican Chris Christie received 55.5% of the vote (7,171 cast), ahead of Democrat Barbara Buono with 42.8% (5,527 votes), and other candidates with 1.7% (221 votes), among the 13,243 ballots cast by the city's 37,789 registered voters (324 ballots were spoiled), for a turnout of 35.0%.[93][94] In the 2009 gubernatorial election, Democrat Jon Corzine received 52.2% of the vote (7,457 ballots cast), ahead of both Republican Chris Christie with 40.1% (5,725 votes) and Independent Chris Daggett with 4.8% (681 votes), with 14,289 ballots cast among the city's 37,092 registered voters, yielding a 38.5% turnout.[95]

Education

Vineland Public Schools serves students in public school for pre-Kindergarten through twelfth grade. The district is one of 31 former Abbott districts statewide,[96] which are now referred to as "SDA Districts" based on the requirement for the state to cover all costs for school building and renovation projects in these districts under the supervision of the New Jersey Schools Development Authority.[97][98] As of the 2011-12 school year, the district's 17 schools had an enrollment of 9,734 students and 895.0 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 10.88:1.[99] Schools in the district (with 2011-12 enrollment data from the National Center for Education Statistics[100]) are Casimer M. Dallago Jr. Preschool Center / IMPACT[101][102] (230) and Max Leuchter Preschool Center[103] (202) for preschool, Dane Barse School[104] (396), D'Ippolito Elementary School[105] (696), Marie Durand School[106] (565), Johnstone School[107] (458), Dr. William Mennies School[108] (653), Petway School[109] (571), Gloria M. Sabater School[110] (575), John H. Winslow School[111] (554) for grades K-5, Landis School[112] (487), Anthony Rossi School[113] (550), Veterans Memorial School[114] (521) and Thomas W. Wallace Jr. School[115] (492) for grades 6-8, Vineland High School[116] (2,717) for grades 9-12 and Cunningham Alternative School for students with "personal or academic challenges that prevent them from reaching their full potential"[117] (68) in grades 7-12.[118][119]

Cumberland Christian School is a private coeducational day school located in Vineland, serving students in pre-Kindergarten through twelfth grade. The school, founded in 1946, has a total enrollment of over 1,000 students.[120]

The city is home to two Catholic elementary schools, Bishop Schad Regional School (combining St. Francis and Sacred Heart Schools)[121] and St. Mary Regional School[122] Both schools operate under the supervision of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Camden.[123] Sacred Heart High School served grades 9-12 from 1927 until its closure by the Camden Diocese in June 2013 due to declining enrollment.[124]

The Ellison School is a private, nonsectarian coeducational day school located on South Spring Road in Vineland. The school, with an enrollment of about 120 students in pre-Kindergarten through 8th grade, is known for rigorous academics and a small (6:1) student/teacher ratio. The school was founded in 1959 and moved to its current site in 1968.[125]

Points of interest

Transportation

Roads and highways

As of May 2010, the city had a total of 335.15 miles (539.37 km) of roadways, of which 234.73 miles (377.76 km) were maintained by the municipality, 80.54 miles (129.62 km) by Cumberland County and 19.88 miles (31.99 km) by the New Jersey Department of Transportation and 2.79 miles (4.49 km) by the New Jersey Turnpike Authority.[133]

Route 47 (Delsea Drive) runs almost 9.5 miles (15.3 km) north-south in the eastern quarter of the city, connecting Millville in the south to Franklin Township in Gloucester County at the city's northern tip.[134] Route 55 enters the city from Millville for 1.4 miles (2.3 km), heads back into Millville and re-enters Vineland, running along the western border for 8.8 miles (14.2 km) and heads north into Pittsgrove Township in Salem County.[135] Route 56 (Landis Avenue) heads across the city from Pittsgrove Township to its eastern terminus at Route 47.[136]

County Route 540 (Almond Road / Park Avenue / Landis Avenue) enters from the west in Pittsgrove Township and continues for 8 miles (13 km) to Buena Vista Township in Atlantic County, on the city's eastern border.[137] County Route 552 (Sherman Avenue / Mays Landing Road) enters from Deerfield Township in the city's southwest corner and continues for 10.8 miles (17.4 km) into Maurice River Township.[138] County Route 555 (South Main Road / North Main Road) enters from Millville extending for 8 miles (13 km) into Franklin Township.[139]

Public transportation

NJ Transit provides bus transportation on the 313 route between Cape May and Philadelphia, on the 408 route between Millville and Philadelphia and on the 553 route between Upper Deerfield Township and Atlantic City.[140]

Two general aviation airports are located nearby. Vineland-Downstown Airport is located 4 miles (6.4 km) northeast of the central business district[141] and Kroelinger Airport, 3 miles (4.8 km) north.[142]

Notable people

People who were born in, residents of, or otherwise closely associated with Vineland include:

References

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  52. Geographic & Urban Redevelopment Tax Credit Programs: Urban Enterprise Zone Employee Tax Credit, State of New Jersey, backed up by the Internet Archive as of May 25, 2009. Accessed August 27, 2011.
  53. The Main Street Approach, Main Street, Vineland. Accessed August 27, 2011. "In 2005, Vineland was designated a Main Street Community. This designation is part of a state and national revitalization program that is intended to help businesses make the most of their location, whether it is on Landis Avenue or elsewhere in the Main Street District."
  54. "The Faulkner Act: New Jersey's Optional Municipal Charter Law", New Jersey State League of Municipalities, July 2007. Accessed November 10, 2013.
  55. Barlas, Thomas. "Vineland may switch elections from May to November", The Press of Atlantic City, April 6, 2011. Accessed July 26, 2012. "VINELAND - Local residents likely will elect a mayor and City Council candidates in November starting next year. City Council will introduce an ordinance when it meets at 7:30 p.m. Tuesday that would move the municipality's non-partisan election from May to November."
  56. Mayor's Office, City of Vineland. Accessed July 1, 2016.
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  59. Cumberland County GENERAL - November 3rd, 2015 Official Results, Cumberland County, New Jersey, updated November 3, 2015. Accessed June 30, 2016.
  60. Cumberland County General - November 4, 2014 Official Results, Cumberland County, New Jersey, updated March 17, 2015. Accessed June 30, 2016.
  61. Cumberland County General - November 5, 2013 Unofficial Results, Cumberland County, New Jersey, updated November 6, 2013. Accessed June 30, 2016.
  62. Woods, Don E. "Vineland celebrates 'new vision' at inauguration for Mayor Ruben Bermudez, council", South Jersey Times, January 5, 2013. Accessed January 10, 2013. "Promising a 'new vision,' Ruben Bermudez, the first Hispanic mayor of Vineland, said that he will battle the many ills that impact the quality of life for city residents."
  63. Plan Components Report, New Jersey Redistricting Commission, December 23, 2011. Accessed January 6, 2013.
  64. 2016 New Jersey Citizen's Guide to Government, p. 65, New Jersey League of Women Voters. Accessed July 20, 2016.
  65. Districts by Number for 2011-2020, New Jersey Legislature. Accessed January 6, 2013.
  66. Directory of Representatives: New Jersey, United States House of Representatives. Accessed January 5, 2012.
  67. About Cory Booker, United States Senate. Accessed January 26, 2015. "He now owns a home and lives in Newark's Central Ward community."
  68. Biography of Bob Menendez, United States Senate, January 26, 2015. "He currently lives in Paramus and has two children, Alicia and Robert."
  69. Senators of the 114th Congress from New Jersey. United States Senate. Accessed January 26, 2015. "Booker, Cory A. - (D - NJ) Class II; Menendez, Robert - (D - NJ) Class I"
  70. Legislative Roster 2016-2017 Session, New Jersey Legislature. Accessed January 17, 2016.
  71. "About the Governor". State of New Jersey. Retrieved 2010-01-21.
  72. "About the Lieutenant Governor". State of New Jersey. Retrieved 2010-01-21.
  73. What is a County Freeholder?, Cumberland County, New Jersey. Accessed July 28, 2014. "Freeholders are elected at-large and serve three year staggered terms. Each January, the Board reorganizes and selects its leadership."
  74. About Cumberland County Government, Cumberland County, New Jersey. Accessed July 28, 2014. "By law, Cumberland County is allowed 7 freeholders, who serve staggered, overlapping three year terms. Two are elected in two successive years, three in the third year, elected from the county at-large. A Director of the Board is selected by his colleagues for a one year term."
  75. Joseph Derella, Cumberland County, New Jersey. Accessed July 28, 2014.
  76. Douglas Long, Cumberland County, New Jersey. Accessed July 28, 2014.
  77. Darlene Barber, Cumberland County, New Jersey. Accessed July 28, 2014.
  78. Carol Musso, Cumberland County, New Jersey. Accessed July 28, 2014.
  79. James R. Sauro, Cumberland County, New Jersey. Accessed July 28, 2014.
  80. Thomas Sheppard, Cumberland County, New Jersey. Accessed July 28, 2014.
  81. Tony Surace, Cumberland County, New Jersey. Accessed July 28, 2014.
  82. County Freeholders, Cumberland County, New Jersey. Accessed July 28, 2014.
  83. 2014 County Data Sheet, Cumberland County, New Jersey. Accessed July 28, 2014.
  84. Marko, Deborah M.; and Kov, Daniel. "GOP keeps two seats on freeholder boardRainear re-elected as surrogate; Mercado ousted", The Daily Journal (New Jersey), November 6, 2013. Accessed July 28, 2014. "GOP candidate Tom Sheppard wins a three-year seat. His running mate, James Sauro, wins a one-year seat. The pair will be the only GOP representatives on the seven-member freeholder board. Darlene Barber, a Democrat in her first race, won the other three-year freeholder seat that was available.... In the surrogate race, incumbent Democrat Douglas Rainear defeated Republican newcomer Timothy Codispoti."
  85. Cumberland County Clerk's Office, Cumberland County, New Jersey. Accessed July 28, 2014.
  86. Cumberland County Sheriff's Department, Cumberland County, New Jersey. Accessed July 28, 2014.
  87. Cumberland County Surrogate Office, Cumberland County, New Jersey. Accessed July 28, 2014. As of date accessed, a 2013 term-end year is listed incorrectly.
  88. Voter Registration Summary - Cumberland, New Jersey Department of State Division of Elections, March 23, 2011. Accessed October 24, 2012.
  89. "Presidential General Election Results - November 6, 2012 - Cumberland County" (PDF). New Jersey Department of Elections. March 15, 2013. Retrieved December 24, 2014.
  90. "Number of Registered Voters and Ballots Cast - November 6, 2012 - General Election Results - Cumberland County" (PDF). New Jersey Department of Elections. March 15, 2013. Retrieved December 24, 2014.
  91. 2008 Presidential General Election Results: Cumberland County, New Jersey Department of State Division of Elections, December 23, 2008. Accessed October 24, 2012.
  92. 2004 Presidential Election: Cumberland County, New Jersey Department of State Division of Elections, December 13, 2004. Accessed October 24, 2012.
  93. "Governor - Cumberland County" (PDF). New Jersey Department of Elections. January 29, 2014. Retrieved December 24, 2014.
  94. "Number of Registered Voters and Ballots Cast - November 5, 2013 - General Election Results - Cumberland County" (PDF). New Jersey Department of Elections. January 29, 2014. Retrieved December 24, 2014.
  95. 2009 Governor: Cumberland County, New Jersey Department of State Division of Elections, December 31, 2009. Accessed October 24, 2012.
  96. Abbott School Districts, New Jersey Department of Education. Accessed June 15, 2016.
  97. What are SDA Districts?, New Jersey Schools Development Authority. Accessed August 26, 2012. "SDA Districts are 31 special-needs school districts throughout New Jersey. They were formerly known as Abbott Districts, based on the Abbott v. Burke case in which the New Jersey Supreme Court ruled that the State must provide 100 percent funding for all school renovation and construction projects in special-needs school districts.... The districts were renamed after the elimination of the Abbott designation through passage of the state's new School Funding Formula in January 2008."
  98. SDA Districts, New Jersey Schools Development Authority. Accessed August 26, 2012.
  99. District information for Vineland School District, National Center for Education Statistics. Accessed July 28, 2014.
  100. School Data for the Vineland Public Schools, National Center for Education Statistics. Accessed July 28, 2014.
  101. Casimer M. Dallago Jr. Preschool Center, Vineland Public Schools. Accessed July 30, 2013.
  102. IMPACT, Vineland Public Schools. Accessed July 30, 2013.
  103. Max Leuchter Preschool Center, Vineland Public Schools. Accessed July 30, 2013.
  104. Dane Barse School, Vineland Public Schools. Accessed July 30, 2013.
  105. D'Ippolito Elementary School, Vineland Public Schools. Accessed July 30, 2013.
  106. Marie Durand School, Vineland Public Schools. Accessed July 30, 2013.
  107. Johnstone School, Vineland Public Schools. Accessed July 30, 2013.
  108. Dr. William Mennies School, Vineland Public Schools. Accessed July 30, 2013.
  109. Petway School, Vineland Public Schools. Accessed July 30, 2013.
  110. Gloria M. Sabater School, Vineland Public Schools. Accessed July 30, 2013.
  111. John H. Winslow School, Vineland Public Schools. Accessed July 30, 2013.
  112. Landis School, Vineland Public Schools. Accessed July 30, 2013.
  113. Anthony Rossi School, Vineland Public Schools. Accessed July 30, 2013.
  114. Veterans Memorial School, Vineland Public Schools. Accessed July 30, 2013.
  115. Thomas W. Wallace Jr. School, Vineland Public Schools. Accessed July 30, 2013.
  116. Vineland High School, Vineland Public Schools. Accessed July 30, 2013.
  117. Cunningham Alternative School, Vineland Public Schools. Accessed July 30, 2013.
  118. School Websites, Vineland Public Schools. Accessed July 30, 2013.
  119. New Jersey School Directory for the Vineland Public Schools, New Jersey Department of Education. Accessed July 30, 2013.
  120. History, Cumberland Christian School. Accessed August 27, 2011.
  121. Home Page, Bishop Schad Regional School. Accessed October 20, 2016.
  122. Home Page, Saint Mary School. Accessed October 20, 2016.
  123. Catholic Schools Directory, Roman Catholic Diocese of Camden. Accessed October 20, 2016.
  124. Woods, Don E. "Sacred Heart students in Vineland mourn the closing of their Catholic high school", NJ.com, April 12, 2013. Accessed October 20, 2016. "The Board of Limited Jurisdiction, the governing body of the school, which opened in 1927, broke the word to students and staff on Thursday night that the Diocese of Camden had decided to close Sacred Heart citing declining enrollment."
  125. School History, Ellison School, Accessed August 27, 2011.
  126. About Us, Delsea Drive-In. Accessed July 30, 2013.
  127. Genovese, Peter. "Vineland drive-in movie theater a ticket to the past", The Star-Ledger, August 31, 2011. Accessed July 26, 2012. "When the Route 35 Drive-In in Hazlet closed in 1991, New Jersey, the birthplace of the drive-in, was left without a drive-in theater. It stayed that way until 2004, when DeLeonardis purchased and re-opened the Delsea Drive-in, which had closed in 1987."
  128. Howard, Jen. "The Delsea Drive-in keeps a vintage summer tradition alive", WHYY newsworks, July 15, 2011. Accessed August 27, 2011. "Delonardis feels his drive-in must be the best, partly because it's the only one in New Jersey--the birthplace of the drive-in. In 1933, the first one opened on Admiral Wilson Boulevard in Pennsauken."
  129. Palace of Depression, Roadside America. Accessed October 2, 2007.
  130. Barlas, Thomas. "Landis MarketPlace in Vineland welcomes first customers", The Press of Atlantic City, May 5, 2011. Accessed August 27, 2011.
  131. Vineland Historical Society referenced 7/10/2013
  132. Broder, John M. "Without Superfund Tax, Stimulus Aids Cleanups", The New York Times, April 25, 2009. Accessed August 27, 2011. "Vineland's former owners, now deceased, paid $3 million toward a cleanup that began a decade ago and has already cost more than $120 million. The site will get $10 million to $25 million in stimulus money to speed a continuing project to purge arsenic and other chemicals from soil and water on the site's 54 acres."
  133. Cumberland County Mileage by Municipality and Jurisdiction, New Jersey Department of Transportation, May 2010. Accessed November 10, 2013.
  134. Route 47 Straight Line Diagram, New Jersey Department of Transportation, March 2008. Accessed November 10, 2013.
  135. Route 55 Straight Line Diagram, New Jersey Department of Transportation, January 2009. Accessed November 10, 2013.
  136. Route 56 Straight Line Diagram, New Jersey Department of Transportation, February 2009. Accessed November 10, 2013.
  137. County Route 540 Straight Line Diagram, New Jersey Department of Transportation, October 2006. Accessed November 10, 2013.
  138. County Route 552 Straight Line Diagram, New Jersey Department of Transportation, October 2006. Accessed November 10, 2013.
  139. County Route 555 Straight Line Diagram, New Jersey Department of Transportation, October 2006. Accessed November 10, 2013.
  140. Buses, Cross County Connection. Accessed November 10, 2013.
  141. Vineland-Downstown Airport (28N), New Jersey Department of Transportation. Accessed November 10, 2013.
  142. Kroelinger Airport (29N), New Jersey Department of Transportation. Accessed November 10, 2013.
  143. Schurman, Mike; and Gonzales, Patrisia. "The Downfall Of A Drug Kingdom In A.C.", The Philadelphia Inquirer, June 11, 1989. Accessed October 18, 2015. "Like an imperial highness, Hakeem Abdul Shaheed was prone to wearing a St. Edward's crown, a bejeweled, gold crown around a red cushion that is a symbol of the British monarchy. And from his ranch home in Vineland, Shaheed, a.k.a. Robert 'Midget' Molley, ruled quite a kingdom - a drug kingdom that law enforcement authorities say spanned the clapboard housing neighborhoods of Mays Landing to the crumbling Atlantic City housing projects."
  144. Assembly Member Nelson Albano profile, Project Vote Smart. Accessed August 8, 2007.
  145. Senator Nicholas Asselta, New Jersey Legislature, backed up by the Internet Archive as of December 18, 2007. Accessed February 8, 2012.
  146. Garraty, John Arthur; and Carnes, Mark Christopher. "Austin, Johnny", p. 762, American National Biography. Oxford University Press, 1999. ISBN 9780195127805. Accessed November 10, 2013. "AUSTIN, Johnny (23 Dec. 1910-14 Feb. 1983), musician, was born John A. Augustine in Vineland, New Jersey, the son of Samuel Augustine and Henrietta Labriola, occupations unknown."
  147. Nelson, Valerie J. "Herman Bank dies at 96; engineer designed collapsible surfboard; While working as a JPL 'rocket boy,' Herman Bank invented 'the suitcase surfboard' for easier transport. He also helped develop medical technology.", Los Angeles Times, November 12, 2012. Accessed November 10, 2013. "He was born Oct. 26, 1916, in Vineland, N.J., to Max and Sophie Bank, Russian Jewish immigrants who later moved to Los Angeles and ran a small market in Hollywood."
  148. Jackson, Vincent. "VINELAND'S OBIE BERMUDEZ A WINNER AT LATIN GRAMMYS", The Press of Atlantic City, November 5, 2005. Accessed October 18, 2015. "Latin pop singer Obie Bermudez, a 1995 Vineland High School graduate, won his first Latin Grammy Award Thursday in the category of Best Male Pop Album, beating out Marc Anthony and three other vocalists."
  149. Staff. "Tribute to Judge Stanley S. Brotman", Seton Hall Law Review, 1990-1991. Accessed October 18, 2015. "Born in Vineland, New Jersey on July 27, 1974, Judge Brotman first answered his country's call to service during the Second World War."
  150. Martin, Douglas. "Robert Butler, Aging Expert, Is Dead at 83", The New York Times, July 7, 2010. Accessed October 18, 2015. "Dr. Butler's mission emerged from his childhood, he wrote in his book. His parents had scarcely named him Robert Neil Butler before splitting up 11 months after his birth on Jan. 21, 1927, in Manhattan. He went to live with his maternal grandparents on a chicken farm in Vineland, N.J."
  151. Weinberg, David. "CARBONARA MAKING WAVES ON DEFENSE", The Press of Atlantic City, May 11, 2001. Accessed February 8, 2012. "Vineland native Glenn Carbonara is one victory away from adding another championship to his professional soccer resume."
  152. Staff. "Rev. Thomas Chisholm, 93, Dies; Wrote 1,200 Protestant Hymns", The New York Times, March 2, 1960. Accessed August 8, 2012. "OCEAN GROVE, N.J., March 1-The Rev. Thomas O. Chisholm, author of 1,200 Protestant hymns and devotional verse, died tonight at the Methodist Home here.... In 1916, Mr. Chisholm moved to Vineland, where he went into the insurance business."
  153. Assemblyman Samuel L. Fiocchi, New Jersey Legislature. Accessed October 18, 2015.
  154. Coppola, Anthony. "Vineland's Darren Ford joins MLB's San Francisco Giants", The Daily Journal (New Jersey), September 2, 2010. Accessed August 15, 2011. "Darren Ford received some Giant news late Tuesday evening. The 2004 Vineland High School graduate was promoted to the Major League Baseball club in San Francisco, ending his current stint with the Double-A Richmond Flying Squirrels."
  155. Darren Ford, Major League Baseball. Accessed August 15, 2011.
  156. DiStefano, Joseph N. "The Long and Shorti of It", SJU Magazine, Summer 2012. Accessed October 8, 2015. "Wawa President Chris Gheysens '05 (M.B.A.) wakes up and smells the coffee every day, whether he's rallying management and store associates, sifting new-product sales and cost analytics, or pairing breakfast with a fresh-brewed cup.... Gheysens, a native of Vineland, N.J., whose father ran a chain of car washes, was taught compatible ideals in his own Catholic schooling — he graduated from St. Augustine Prep and Villanova University."
  157. Staff. "Veneerable Institutions Help Define Vineland", The Daily Journal (New Jersey), May 23, 2006. Accessed November 10, 2013. ""he building housed the famous Dr. Henry H. Goddard, a highly esteemed psychologist and one of the original directors. He was the first American academic to translate the Binet IQ test from French into English in the early 1900s."
  158. Staff. "The News of New Jersey: The Strange and Weird Funeral of Atheist Jeremiah Hacker", Daily True American, September 2, 1895. Accessed January 20, 2011.
  159. Marquard, Bryan. "Alan Kotok; he tred vanguard of computers with brilliance, wit", Boston Globe, June 6, 2006, accessed April 25, 2007. "Born in Philadelphia, Mr. Kotok was an only child and grew up in Vineland, N.J., where his father owned a hardware store."
  160. Staff. "2015 Election: 1st Legislative District Democrats", The Daily Journal (New Jersey), October 28, 2015. Accessed August 18, 2016. "Land, a Vineland resident, is a Millville native who picked up decorations for valor as a sergeant with the 101st Airborne Division in the Vietnam War."
  161. Our People of the Century - Miles Lerman: A Holocaust Survivor, Cumberland County, New Jersey. Accessed August 27, 2011. "Miles Lerman, a Vineland businessman, traveled throughout the U.S. and Europe, collecting artifacts and money to build the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum in Washington, D.C."
  162. via Associated Press. "Vineland native Jillian Loyden added to U.S. women's soccer training camp roster", The Press of Atlantic City, April 11, 2011. Accessed August 27, 2011.
  163. Jillian Loyden, Villanova University. Accessed July 17, 2011.
  164. Al Lukens, Baseball-Reference.com. Accessed November 10, 2013.
  165. Carnes, Mark C., ed. "Mason, John Landis", in American National Biography, Supplement 2, p. 369. Oxford University Press, 2005. ISBN 9780195222029. Accessed November 12, 2013.
  166. Staff. "Emotion high over NJ plan to close disability home", WPVI-TV, June 19, 2011. Accessed October 18, 2015. "Assemblyman Matthew Milam, a Democrat from Vineland, said closing it would hurt not just the families of those who work at the center, but also vendors and others in an area with a fragile economy."
  167. Geracle, Bud. "Gone but not forgotten", The Milwaukee Sentinel, February 18, 1985. Accessed May 30, 2016. "Don Money... Now tending his farm in Vineland, N.J."
  168. Wallace, William N. "Football Free Agents: Grass Isn't Greener", The New York Times, April 23, 1978. Accessed October 16, 2011. "'It's not doing much for me,' said Piccone the other day by telephone from his home in Vineland, N.J."
  169. Pray, Rusty. "Bishop James L. Schad, leader in Camden Diocese", The Philadelphia Inquirer, March 29, 2002. Accessed October 18, 2015. "Bishop Schad, who grew up in Vineland, N.J., and graduated from Sacred Heart High School in the town in 1935, 'wanted to be a priest forever,' said his brother Louis."
  170. Kallman, Dave. "Road America Notes", Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, August 17, 1996. Accessed April 25, 2007. "Other support series: Jeret Schroeder of Vineland, N.J., led a group of 12 Player's / Toyota Atlantic drivers who bettered the track record in provisional qualifying for the race Sunday."
  171. Staff. "Former Raider soccer star succeeding in the sales field for Red Bull", Ocean City Gazette, November 29, 2013. Accessed October 18, 2015. "Severs was born in Vineland and began playing soccer when he was 4 years old."
  172. Mueller, Mark. "Rutgers' oldest alumnus Walter Seward dies at 111", The Star-Ledger, September 15, 2008. Accessed November 10, 2013. "A native of Toledo, Ohio, Seward moved to New Jersey with his parents more than 90 years ago, settling in the southern New Jersey community of Vineland."
  173. Peterson, Craig. "Having Had His Patents Stolen, He Now Had a License to Steal", CraigPeterson, December 5, 2008. Accessed October 18, 2015. "Walter L. Shaw was born in Vineland, New Jersey in 1917."
  174. Staff. "At The Shore Today / Main Event / Young Steff in Vineland", The Press of Atlantic City, December 25, 2009. Accessed November 10, 2013. "What Is It: Celebrate the holiday in style with a show by R&B singer Young Steff. Born Stephen Goldsboro, he is a Vineland native who returns home for a show at Hangar 84 in Vineland."
  175. Marc Stern, The Los Angeles Coalition. Accessed October 18, 2015. "A native of Vineland, New Jersey, Mr. Stern holds degrees from Dickinson College, Columbia University Graduate School of Public Law and Government and Columbia University School of Law."
  176. Sungenis, Pab. Cartoon for Saturday, August 27, 2011, The New Adventures of Queen Victoria, August 27, 2011. Accessed August 27, 2011. "Panel 4 - Queen Victoria: Hey Wikidiots! We got your '[citation]' RIGHT HERE!</> Edward: Mum!</>"
  177. Jackson, Vincent. "SINGING SENSATION / VINELAND NATIVE GINA THOMPSON ACHIEVES SUCCESS WITH R&B SINGLE", The Press of Atlantic City, August 11, 1996. Accessed January 20, 2011.
  178. Johnston, James earl. "Top Angels prospect Mike Trout undaunted about beginning 2012 campaign in Bees uniform", Deseret News, April 2, 2012. Accessed July 30, 2012. "Born in Vineland, NJ, Trout was a "natural" from Little League up."
  179. Van Embden, Edward. "Umpire makes Vineland fame wall", The Press of Atlantic City, June 1, 2009. Accessed November 10, 2013. "Behind that moment in history, and several others, was Vineland native Vic Voltaggio.... Voltaggio, 68, is being inducted into the Vineland Hall of Fame tonight at Vineland High School's all-sports banquet at Merighi's Savoy Inn in East Vineland."
  180. [John H. Ware III], Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Accessed October 18, 2015. "WARE, John Haines, III, a Representative from Pennsylvania; born in Vineland, Cumberland County, N.J., August 29, 1908"
  181. Biography, Mona Sue Weissmark. Accessed November 10, 2013. "Mona Sue Weissmark was born in Vineland, New Jersey."
  182. Ostling, Richard N. via Associated Press. "Q.: How much rigidity in communion liquidity?", The Daily Courier, May 17, 2002. Accessed January 20, 2011.
  183. N.J. Constitutional Convention: Vol. 2, Page 981; BIOGRAPHIES of DELEGATES, New Jersey State Library. Accessed November 10, 2013. "Elmer H. Wene, of Vineland, owns and operates the Wene Chick Farms Hatchery, the Wene Poultry Laboratories, also a general farm in Hunterdon County, and is the principal stockholder and president of two important radio stations in New Jersey. He resides on East Landis Avenue, Vineland."
  184. Freda L. Wolfson, New Jersey Law Journal. Accessed February 6, 2014.
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