Academy Award for Best Actress

Academy Award for Best Actress
Awarded for Best Performance by an Actress in a Leading Role
Country United States
Presented by Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS)
First awarded 1929 (for performance in films released during the 1927/1928 film season)
Currently held by Brie Larson
Room (2015)
Official website oscars.org

The Academy Award for Best Actress is an award presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). It is given in honor of an actress who has delivered an outstanding performance in a leading role while working within the film industry.

The 1st Academy Awards ceremony was held in 1929 with Janet Gaynor receiving the award for her roles in 7th Heaven, Street Angel, and Sunrise.[1] Currently, nominees are determined by single transferable vote within the actors branch of AMPAS; winners are selected by a plurality vote from the entire eligible voting members of the Academy.[2]

In the first three years of the awards, actresses were nominated as the best in their categories. At that time, all of their work during the qualifying period (as many as three films, in some cases) was listed after the award.[3] However, during the 3rd ceremony held in 1930, only one of those films was cited in each winner's final award, even though each of the acting winners had two films following their names on the ballots.[4]

The following year, this unwieldy and confusing system was replaced by the current system in which an actress is nominated for a specific performance in a single film.[3] Starting with the 9th ceremony held in 1937, the category was officially limited to five nominations per year.[3]

Since its inception, the award has been given to 74 actresses. Katharine Hepburn has won the most awards in this category, with four Oscars. Meryl Streep has been nominated on 15 occasions (resulting in two awards). As of the 2016 ceremony, Brie Larson is the most recent winner in this category for her role as Joy "Ma" Newsome in Room.

Winners and nominees

In the following table, the years are listed as per Academy convention, and generally correspond to the year of film release in Los Angeles County; the ceremonies are always held the following year.[5] For the first five ceremonies, the eligibility period spanned twelve months from August 1 to July 31.[6] For the 6th ceremony held in 1934, the eligibility period lasted from August 1, 1932 to December 31, 1933.[6] Since the 7th ceremony held in 1935, the period of eligibility became the full previous calendar year from January 1 to December 31.[6]

Publicity photo of Janet Gaynor for Argentinean Magazine in 1931.
Janet Gaynor was the first winner in this category for her roles in 7th Heaven (1927), Sunrise: A Song of Two Humans (1927), and Street Angel (1928).
Black-and-white photo of Katharine Hepburn circa 1941.
Katharine Hepburn has the most wins in this category for her roles in Morning Glory (1933), Guess Who's Coming to Dinner (1967), The Lion in Winter (1968), and On Golden Pond (1981).
Black-and-white photo of Bette Davis from the 1938 film Jezebel.
Bette Davis won two awards from ten nominations for her roles in Dangerous (1935) and Jezebel (1938).
Black-and-white photo of Luise Rainer in the early 1930s.
Luise Rainer became the first person to win two consecutive acting Oscars, having won in both 1936 and 1937 for The Great Ziegfeld and The Good Earth.
Black-and-white photo of Vivien Leigh in 1939.
Vivien Leigh won twice for her roles in Gone with the Wind (1939) and A Streetcar Named Desire (1951).
Photo of Joan Fontaine in 1943.
Joan Fontaine won in 1941 for her role in Suspicion.
Photo of Ingrid Bergman in 1945.
Ingrid Bergman was nominated six times in the category, winning in 1944 for Gaslight and in 1956 for Anastasia.
Black-and-white photo of Joan Crawford in 1936.
Joan Crawford won in 1945 for her performance in Mildred Pierce.
Black-and-white photo of Olivia de Havilland in 1936.
Olivia de Havilland won twice in 1946 and 1949 for her roles in To Each His Own and The Heiress.
Black-and-white photo of Audrey Hepburn from 1956.
Audrey Hepburn won in 1953 for her role in Roman Holiday.
Black-and-white photo of Grace Kelly.
Grace Kelly won for her role in 1954's The Country Girl.
Black-and-white photo of Elizabeth Taylor 1953.
Elizabeth Taylor won two awards from five nominations for 1960's BUtterfield 8 and 1966's Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?.
Black-and-white publicity photo of Sophia Loren in 1959.
Sophia Loren won in 1961 for her role in Two Women, thus becoming the first person to win for a non-English language performance.[7]
Photo of Julie Andrews in Sydney, Australia in 2013.
Julie Andrews won for her performance as the titular character in Mary Poppins (1964).
Black-and-white photo of Barbra Streisand in 1965.
Barbra Streisand won for her role in Funny Girl (1968).
Black-and-white publicity photo of Jane Fonda promoting the 1963 film Sunday in New York.
Jane Fonda won twice from six nominations for her roles in Klute (1971) and Coming Home (1978).
Black-and-white photo of Sally Field in 1971 promoting Alias Smith and Jones.
Sally Field won this award twice for her roles in 1979's Norma Rae and 1984's Places in the Heart.
Photo of Meryl Streep circa 1976 and 1979.
Meryl Streep has received fifteen nominations in this category, winning twice for Sophie's Choice (1982) and The Iron Lady (2011).
Black-and-white publicity photo of Shirley MacLaine promoting the film The Apartment.
Shirley MacLaine won once from five nominations for her role in 1983's Terms of Endearment
Photo of Marlee Matlin attending the 2007 Texas Book Festival in Austin, Texas.
At age 21, Marlee Matlin became the youngest person to win Best Actress, winning for her performance in Children of a Lesser God (1986).
Photo of Cher attending the Empire Cinema in London.
Cher won for her performance in Moonstruck (1987).
Photo of Jodie Foster attending the premiere of The Brave One in 2007.
Jodie Foster won twice for her roles in The Accused (1988) and The Silence of the Lambs (1991).
Photo of actors Jessica Tandy and Hume Cronyn attending the 39th Primetime Emmy Awards in 1987.
At age 80, Jessica Tandy (left) became the oldest winner in this category for her performance in 1989's Driving Miss Daisy.
Publicity photo of actress Holly Hunter.
Holly Hunter won for her performance in 1993's The Piano.
Photo of Jessica Lange in 2008.
Jessica Lange was nominated five times, winning once in 1995 for her role in Blue Sky (1994)
Photo of Gwyneth Paltrow attending the Academy Awards in 2012.
Gwyneth Paltrow won for her role in Shakespeare in Love (1998).
Photo of Hilary Swank attending the Life Ball in 2013.
Hilary Swank won this award twice for her roles in Boys Don't Cry (1999) and Million Dollar Baby (2004)
Photo of Halle Berry attending San Diego Comic-Con International in 2013.
Halle Berry won in 2002 for her lead role in Monster's Ball (2001), becoming the first black actress to win this category.[8]
Photo of Reese Witherspoon at the 2014 Toronto International Film Festival.
Reese Witherspoon won in 2005 for playing June Carter Cash in Walk the Line (2005).
Phooto of Helen Mirren at the Moët British Independent Film Awards in 2014.
Helen Mirren won in 2006 for portraying Queen Elizabeth II in The Queen (2006).
Photo of Marion Cotillard at the Paris premiere of 'Public Enemies in 2009.
Marion Cotillard won in 2007 for playing Édith Piaf in La Vie en Rose (2007), becoming the first person to win for a French-language film.
Photo of Kate Winslet at the 2011 Venice Film Festival.
Kate Winslet won in 2008 for her role in The Reader (2008).
Photo of Sandra Bullock at the premiere of The Heat in 2013.
Sandra Bullock won for her performance in 2009's The Blind Side
Photo of Natalie Portman at the 83rd Academy Awards in 2011
Natalie Portman won in 2010 for her role in Black Swan (2010).
Photo of Jennifer Lawrence at the 2011 Academy Awards.
Jennifer Lawrence won in 2012 for her role in Silver Linings Playbook (2012).
Photo of actress Cate Blanchett at the 2011 Sydney Film Festival.
Cate Blanchett won in 2013 for her role in Blue Jasmine (2013).
Photo of actress Julianne Moore at the 2008 Tribeca Film Festival.
Julianne Moore won in 2014 for her role in Still Alice (2014).
Photo of actress Brie Larson at Scott Pilgrim vs. the World premiere in London on 18 August 2010.
Brie Larson won in 2015 for her role in Room (2015).
Table key
Award winner Indicates the winner
* Indicates posthumous nominee
Year Actress Film Character Name Ref.
1927/28
(1st) 		Janet Gaynor Award winner 7th Heaven
Street Angel
Sunrise: A Song of Two Humans		 Diane
Angela
The Wife		 [9]
Louise Dresser A Ship Comes In Mrs. Pleznik
Gloria Swanson Sadie Thompson Sadie Thompson
1928/29
(2nd)		 Mary Pickford Award winner Coquette Norma Besant [10]
Ruth Chatterton Madame X Jacqueline Floriot
Betty Compson The Barker Carrie
Jeanne Eagels * [11] The Letter Leslie Crosbie
Corinne Griffith The Divine Lady Emma Hamilton
Bessie Love The Broadway Melody Hank Mahoney
1929/30
(3rd) 		Norma Shearer Award winner[A] The Divorcee Jerry Bernard Martin [12]
Nancy Carroll The Devil's Holiday Hallie Hobart
Ruth Chatterton Sarah and Son Sarah Storm
Greta Garbo [A] Anna Christie
Romance		 Anna Christie
Madame Rita Cavallini
Norma Shearer Their Own Desire Lucia Marlett
Gloria Swanson The Trespasser Marion Donnell
1930/31
(4th) 		Marie Dressler Award winner Min and Bill Min Divot [13]
Marlene Dietrich Morocco Mademoiselle Amy Jolly
Irene Dunne Cimarron Sabra Cravat
Ann Harding Holiday Linda Seton
Norma Shearer A Free Soul Jan Ashe
1931/32
(5th) 		Helen Hayes Award winner The Sin of Madelon Claudet Madelon Claudet [14]
Marie Dressler Emma Emma Thatcher Smith
Lynn Fontanne The Guardsman The Actress
1932/33
(6th) 		Katharine Hepburn Award winner Morning Glory Eva Lovelace [15]
May Robson Lady for a Day Apple Annie
Diana Wynyard Cavalcade Jane Marryot
1934
(7th) 		Claudette Colbert Award winner It Happened One Night Ellie Andrews [16]
Grace Moore One Night of Love Mary Barrett
Norma Shearer The Barretts of Wimpole Street Elizabeth Barrett
Bette Davis [B] Of Human Bondage Mildred Rogers
1935
(8th) 		Bette Davis Award winner Dangerous Joyce Heath [17]
Elisabeth Bergner Escape Me Never Gemma Jones
Claudette Colbert Private Worlds Jane Everest
Katharine Hepburn Alice Adams Alice Adams
Miriam Hopkins Becky Sharp Becky Sharp
Merle Oberon The Dark Angel Kitty Vane
1936
(9th) 		Luise Rainer Award winner The Great Ziegfeld Anna Held [18]
Irene Dunne Theodora Goes Wild Theodora Lynn
Gladys George Valiant Is the Word for Carrie Carrie Snyder
Carole Lombard My Man Godfrey Irene Bullock
Norma Shearer Romeo and Juliet Juliet Capulet
1937
(10th) 		Luise Rainer Award winner The Good Earth O-Lan [19]
Irene Dunne The Awful Truth Lucy Warriner
Greta Garbo Camille Marguerite Gautier
Janet Gaynor A Star Is Born Esther Victoria Blodgett / Vicki Lester
Barbara Stanwyck Stella Dallas Stella Martin Dallas
1938
(11th) 		Bette Davis Award winner Jezebel Julie Marsden [20]
Fay Bainter White Banners Hannah Parmalee
Wendy Hiller Pygmalion Eliza Doolittle
Norma Shearer Marie Antoinette Marie Antoinette
Margaret Sullavan Three Comrades Patricia 'Pat' Hollmann
1939
(12th) 		Vivien Leigh Award winner Gone with the Wind Scarlett O'Hara [21]
Bette Davis Dark Victory Judith Traherne
Irene Dunne Love Affair Terry McKay
Greta Garbo Ninotchka Nina Yakushova 'Ninotchka' Ivanoff
Greer Garson Goodbye, Mr. Chips Katherine Bridges
1940
(13th) 		Ginger Rogers Award winner Kitty Foyle Kitty Foyle [22]
Bette Davis The Letter Leslie Crosbie
Joan Fontaine Rebecca The Second Mrs. de Winter
Katharine Hepburn The Philadelphia Story Tracy Lord
Martha Scott Our Town Emily Webb
1941
(14th) 		Joan Fontaine Award winner Suspicion Lina McLaidlaw Aysgarth [23]
Bette Davis The Little Foxes Regina Giddens
Olivia de Havilland Hold Back the Dawn Emmy Brown
Greer Garson Blossoms in the Dust Edna Gladney
Barbara Stanwyck Ball of Fire Katherine 'Sugarpuss' O'Shea
1942
(15th) 		Greer Garson Award winner Mrs. Miniver Kay Miniver [24]
Bette Davis Now, Voyager Charlotte Vale
Katharine Hepburn Woman of the Year Tess Harding
Rosalind Russell My Sister Eileen Ruth Sherwood
Teresa Wright The Pride of the Yankees Eleanor Twitchell Gehrig
1943
(16th) 		Jennifer Jones Award winner The Song of Bernadette Bernadette Soubirous [25]
Jean Arthur The More the Merrier Constance "Connie" Milligan
Ingrid Bergman For Whom the Bell Tolls María
Joan Fontaine The Constant Nymph Tessa Sanger
Greer Garson Madame Curie Marie Curie
1944
(17th) 		Ingrid Bergman Award winner Gaslight Paula Alquist Anton [26]
Claudette Colbert Since You Went Away Anne Hilton
Bette Davis Mr. Skeffington Fanny Trellis
Greer Garson Mrs. Parkington Susie 'Sparrow' Parkington
Barbara Stanwyck Double Indemnity Phyllis Dietrichson
1945
(18th) 		Joan Crawford Award winner Mildred Pierce Mildred Pierce Beragon [27]
Ingrid Bergman The Bells of St. Mary's Mary Benedict
Greer Garson The Valley of Decision Mary Rafferty
Jennifer Jones Love Letters Singleton
Gene Tierney Leave Her to Heaven Ellen Berent Harland
1946
(19th) 		Olivia de Havilland Award winner To Each His Own Josephine 'Jody' Norris [28]
Celia Johnson Brief Encounter Laura Jesson
Jennifer Jones Duel in the Sun Pearl Chavez
Rosalind Russell Sister Kenny Elizabeth Kenny
Jane Wyman The Yearling Orry Baxter
1947
(20th) 		Loretta Young Award winner The Farmer's Daughter Katie Holstrom [29]
Joan Crawford Possessed Louise Howell
Susan Hayward Smash-Up, the Story of a Woman Angelica Evans Conway
Dorothy McGuire Gentleman's Agreement Kathy Lacy
Rosalind Russell Mourning Becomes Electra Lavinia Mannon
1948
(21st) 		Jane Wyman Award winner Johnny Belinda Belinda McDonald [30]
Ingrid Bergman Joan of Arc Joan of Arc
Olivia de Havilland The Snake Pit Virginia Stuart Cunningham
Irene Dunne I Remember Mama Martha Hanson
Barbara Stanwyck Sorry, Wrong Number Leona Stevenson
1949
(22nd) 		Olivia de Havilland Award winner The Heiress Catherine Sloper [31]
Jeanne Crain Pinky Patricia 'Pinky' Johnson
Susan Hayward My Foolish Heart Eloise Winters
Deborah Kerr Edward, My Son Evelyn Boult
Loretta Young Come to the Stable Margaret
1950
(23rd) 		Judy Holliday Award winner Born Yesterday Emma 'Billie' Dawn [32]
Anne Baxter All About Eve Eve Harrington
Bette Davis All About Eve Margo Channing
Eleanor Parker Caged Marie Allen
Gloria Swanson Sunset Boulevard Norma Desmond
1951
(24th) 		Vivien Leigh Award winner A Streetcar Named Desire Blanche DuBois [33]
Katharine Hepburn The African Queen Rose Sayer
Eleanor Parker Detective Story Mary McLeod
Shelley Winters A Place in the Sun Alice Tripp
Jane Wyman The Blue Veil Louise Mason
1952
(25th) 		Shirley Booth Award winner Come Back, Little Sheba Lola Delaney [34]
Joan Crawford Sudden Fear Myra Hudson
Bette Davis The Star Margaret Elliot
Julie Harris The Member of the Wedding Frances 'Frankie' Addams
Susan Hayward With a Song in My Heart Jane Froman
1953
(26th) 		Audrey Hepburn Award winner Roman Holiday Princess Ann [35]
Leslie Caron Lili Lili Daurier
Ava Gardner Mogambo Eloise "Honey Bear" Kelly
Deborah Kerr From Here to Eternity Karen Holmes
Maggie McNamara The Moon Is Blue Patty O'Neill
1954
(27th) 		Grace Kelly Award winner The Country Girl Georgie Elgin [36]
Dorothy Dandridge Carmen Jones Carmen Jones
Judy Garland A Star Is Born Esther Victoria Blodgett / Vicki Lester
Audrey Hepburn Sabrina Sabrina Fairchild
Jane Wyman Magnificent Obsession Helen Phillips
1955
(28th) 		Anna Magnani Award winner The Rose Tattoo Serafina Delle Rose [37]
Susan Hayward I'll Cry Tomorrow Lillian Roth
Katharine Hepburn Summertime Jane Hudson
Jennifer Jones Love is a Many-Splendored Thing Han Suyin
Eleanor Parker Interrupted Melody Marjorie Lawrence
1956
(29th) 		Ingrid Bergman Award winner Anastasia Anna Koreff / Anastasia [38]
Carroll Baker Baby Doll Baby Doll Meighan
Katharine Hepburn The Rainmaker Lizzie Curry
Nancy Kelly The Bad Seed Christine Penmark
Deborah Kerr The King and I Anna Leonowens
1957
(30th) 		Joanne Woodward Award winner The Three Faces of Eve Eve White / Eve Black / Jane [39]
Deborah Kerr Heaven Knows, Mr. Allison Angela
Anna Magnani Wild Is the Wind Gioia
Elizabeth Taylor Raintree County Susanna Drake
Lana Turner Peyton Place Constance MacKenzie
1958
(31st) 		Susan Hayward Award winner I Want to Live! Barbara Graham [40]
Deborah Kerr Separate Tables Sibyl Railton-Bell
Shirley MacLaine Some Came Running Ginnie Moorehead
Rosalind Russell Auntie Mame Mame Dennis
Elizabeth Taylor Cat on a Hot Tin Roof Margaret "Maggie the Cat" Pollitt
1959
(32nd) 		Simone Signoret Award winner Room at the Top Alice Aisgill [41]
Doris Day Pillow Talk Jan Morrow
Audrey Hepburn The Nun's Story Gabrielle van der Mal
Katharine Hepburn Suddenly, Last Summer Violet Venable
Elizabeth Taylor Suddenly, Last Summer Catherine Holly
1960
(33rd) 		Elizabeth Taylor Award winner BUtterfield 8 Gloria Wandrous [42]
Greer Garson Sunrise at Campobello Eleanor Roosevelt
Deborah Kerr The Sundowners Ida Carmody
Shirley MacLaine The Apartment Fran Kubelik
Melina Mercouri Never on Sunday Ilya
1961
(34th) 		Sophia Loren Award winner Two Women Cesira [43]
Audrey Hepburn Breakfast at Tiffany's Holly Golightly / Lula Mae Barnes
Piper Laurie The Hustler Sarah Packard
Geraldine Page Summer and Smoke Alma Winemiller
Natalie Wood Splendor in the Grass Wilma Dean 'Deanie' Loomis
1962
(35th) 		Anne Bancroft Award winner The Miracle Worker Annie Sullivan [44]
Bette Davis What Ever Happened to Baby Jane? Baby Jane Hudson
Katharine Hepburn Long Day's Journey into Night Mary Cavan Tyrone
Geraldine Page Sweet Bird of Youth Alexandra Del Lago
Lee Remick Days of Wine and Roses Kirsten Arnesen Clay
1963
(36th) 		Patricia Neal Award winner Hud Alma Brown [45]
Leslie Caron The L-Shaped Room Jane Fossett
Shirley MacLaine Irma la Douce Irma La Douce
Rachel Roberts This Sporting Life Margaret Hammond
Natalie Wood Love with the Proper Stranger Angie Rossini
1964
(37th) 		Julie Andrews Award winner Mary Poppins Mary Poppins [46]
Anne Bancroft The Pumpkin Eater Jo Armitage
Sophia Loren Marriage Italian Style Filumena Marturano
Debbie Reynolds The Unsinkable Molly Brown Molly Brown
Kim Stanley Séance on a Wet Afternoon Myra Savage
1965
(38th) 		Julie Christie Award winner Darling Diana Scott [47]
Julie Andrews The Sound of Music Maria von Trapp
Samantha Eggar The Collector Miranda Grey
Elizabeth Hartman A Patch of Blue Selina D'Arcy
Simone Signoret Ship of Fools La Contessa
1966
(39th) 		Elizabeth Taylor Award winner Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf? Martha [48]
Anouk Aimée A Man and a Woman Anne Gauthier
Ida Kamińska The Shop on Main Street Rozalie Lautmann
Lynn Redgrave Georgy Girl Georgina 'Georgy' Parkin
Vanessa Redgrave Morgan! Leonie Delt
1967
(40th) 		Katharine Hepburn Award winner Guess Who's Coming to Dinner Christina Drayton [49]
Anne Bancroft The Graduate Mrs. Robinson
Faye Dunaway Bonnie and Clyde Bonnie Parker
Edith Evans The Whisperers Maggie Ross
Audrey Hepburn Wait Until Dark Susy Hendrix
1968
(41st) 		Katharine Hepburn Award winner[C] The Lion in Winter Eleanor of Aquitaine [50]
Barbra Streisand Award winner[C] Funny Girl Fanny Brice
Patricia Neal The Subject was Roses Nettie Cleary
Vanessa Redgrave Isadora Isadora Duncan
Joanne Woodward Rachel, Rachel Rachel Cameron
1969
(42nd) 		Maggie Smith Award winner The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie Jean Brodie [51]
Geneviève Bujold Anne of the Thousand Days Anne Boleyn
Jane Fonda They Shoot Horses, Don't They? Gloria Beatty
Liza Minnelli The Sterile Cuckoo Mary Ann 'Pookie' Adams
Jean Simmons The Happy Ending Mary Wilson
1970
(43rd) 		Glenda Jackson Award winner Women in Love Gudrun Brangwen [52]
Jane Alexander The Great White Hope Eleanor Backman
Ali MacGraw Love Story Jennifer Cavalleri-Barrett
Sarah Miles Ryan's Daughter Rosy Ryan
Carrie Snodgress Diary of a Mad Housewife Bettina "Tina" Balser
1971
(44th) 		Jane Fonda Award winner Klute Bree Daniels [53]
Julie Christie McCabe & Mrs. Miller Constance Miller
Glenda Jackson Sunday Bloody Sunday Alex Greville
Vanessa Redgrave Mary, Queen of Scots Mary, Queen of Scots
Janet Suzman Nicholas and Alexandra Empress Alexandra of Russia
1972
(45th) 		Liza Minnelli Award winner Cabaret Sally Bowles [54]
Diana Ross Lady Sings the Blues Billie Holiday
Maggie Smith Travels with My Aunt Augusta Bertram
Cicely Tyson Sounder Rebecca Morgan
Liv Ullmann The Emigrants Kristina Nilsson
1973
(46th) 		Glenda Jackson Award winner A Touch of Class Vickie Allessio [55]
Ellen Burstyn The Exorcist Chris MacNeil
Marsha Mason Cinderella Liberty Maggie Paul
Barbra Streisand The Way We Were Katie Morosky
Joanne Woodward Summer Wishes, Winter Dreams Rita Walden
1974
(47th) 		Ellen Burstyn Award winner Alice Doesn't Live Here Anymore Alice Graham-Hyatt [56]
Diahann Carroll Claudine Claudine Price
Faye Dunaway Chinatown Evelyn Cross Mulwray
Valerie Perrine Lenny Harriett Jolliff / Honey Bruce
Gena Rowlands A Woman Under the Influence Mabel Longhetti
1975
(48th) 		Louise Fletcher Award winner One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest Nurse Mildred Ratched [57]
Isabelle Adjani The Story of Adele H. Adèle Hugo / Adèle Lewly
Ann-Margret Tommy Nora Walker
Glenda Jackson Hedda Hedda Gabler-Tesman
Carol Kane Hester Street Gitl
1976
(49th) 		Faye Dunaway Award winner Network Diana Christensen [58]
Marie-Christine Barrault Cousin Cousine Marthe
Talia Shire Rocky Adrian Pennino
Sissy Spacek Carrie Carrie White
Liv Ullmann Face to Face Jenny Isaksson
1977
(50th) 		Diane Keaton Award winner Annie Hall Annie Hall [59]
Anne Bancroft The Turning Point Emma Jacklin
Jane Fonda Julia Lillian Hellman
Shirley MacLaine The Turning Point Deedee Rodgers
Marsha Mason The Goodbye Girl Paula McFadden
1978
(51st) 		Jane Fonda Award winner Coming Home Sally Hyde [60]
Ingrid Bergman Autumn Sonata Charlotte Andergast
Ellen Burstyn Same Time, Next Year Doris
Jill Clayburgh An Unmarried Woman Erica Benton
Geraldine Page Interiors Eve
1979
(52nd) 		Sally Field Award winner Norma Rae Norma Rae Webster [61]
Jill Clayburgh Starting Over Marilyn Holmberg
Jane Fonda The China Syndrome Kimberly Wells
Marsha Mason Chapter Two Jennie MacLaine
Bette Midler The Rose Mary Rose Foster
1980
(53rd) 		Sissy Spacek Award winner Coal Miner's Daughter Loretta Lynn [62]
Ellen Burstyn Resurrection Edna Mae Harper-McCauley
Goldie Hawn Private Benjamin Judy Benjamin
Mary Tyler Moore Ordinary People Beth Jarrett
Gena Rowlands Gloria Gloria Swenson
1981
(54th) 		Katharine Hepburn Award winner On Golden Pond Ethel Thayer [63]
Diane Keaton Reds Louise Bryant
Marsha Mason Only When I Laugh Georgia Hines
Susan Sarandon Atlantic City Sally Matthews
Meryl Streep The French Lieutenant's Woman Anna / Sara Woodruff
1982
(55th) 		Meryl Streep Award winner Sophie's Choice Sophie Zawistowski [64]
Julie Andrews Victor Victoria Victor Grazinski / Victoria Grant
Jessica Lange Frances Frances Farmer
Sissy Spacek Missing Beth Horman
Debra Winger An Officer and a Gentleman Paula Pokrifki
1983
(56th) 		Shirley MacLaine Award winner Terms of Endearment Aurora Greenway [65]
Jane Alexander Testament Carol Wetherly
Meryl Streep Silkwood Karen Silkwood
Julie Walters Educating Rita Susan White / Rita
Debra Winger Terms of Endearment Emma Greenway Horton
1984
(57th) 		Sally Field Award winner Places in the Heart Edna Spalding [66]
Judy Davis A Passage to India Adela Quested
Jessica Lange Country Jewell Ivy
Vanessa Redgrave The Bostonians Olive Chancellor
Sissy Spacek The River Mae Garvey
1985
(58th) 		Geraldine Page Award winner The Trip to Bountiful Carrie Watts [67]
Anne Bancroft Agnes of God Miriam Ruth/Anna Maria Burchetti
Whoopi Goldberg The Color Purple Celie Harris-Johnson
Jessica Lange Sweet Dreams Patsy Cline
Meryl Streep Out of Africa Karen Blixen
1986
(59th) 		Marlee Matlin Award winner Children of a Lesser God Sarah Norman [68]
Jane Fonda The Morning After Alex Sternbergen/Viveca Van Loren
Sissy Spacek Crimes of the Heart Babe Botrelle/Rebecca MaGrath
Kathleen Turner Peggy Sue Got Married Peggy Sue Bodell
Sigourney Weaver Aliens Ellen Ripley
1987
(60th) 		Cher Award winner Moonstruck Loretta Castorini [69]
Glenn Close Fatal Attraction Alex Forrest
Holly Hunter Broadcast News Jane Craig
Sally Kirkland Anna Anna
Meryl Streep Ironweed Helen Archer
1988
(61st) 		Jodie Foster Award winner The Accused Sarah Tobias [70]
Glenn Close Dangerous Liaisons Marquise Isabelle de Merteuil
Melanie Griffith Working Girl Tess McGill
Meryl Streep A Cry in the Dark Lindy Chamberlain
Sigourney Weaver Gorillas in the Mist Dian Fossey
1989
(62nd) 		Jessica Tandy Award winner Driving Miss Daisy Daisy Werthan [71]
Isabelle Adjani Camille Claudel Camille Claudel
Pauline Collins Shirley Valentine Shirley Valentine-Bradshaw
Jessica Lange Music Box Ann Talbot
Michelle Pfeiffer The Fabulous Baker Boys Susie Diamond
1990
(63rd) 		Kathy Bates Award winner Misery Annie Wilkes [72]
Anjelica Huston The Grifters Lilly Dillon
Julia Roberts Pretty Woman Vivian Ward
Meryl Streep Postcards from the Edge Suzanne Vale
Joanne Woodward Mr. & Mrs. Bridge India Bridge
1991
(64th) 		Jodie Foster Award winner The Silence of the Lambs Clarice Starling [73]
Geena Davis Thelma & Louise Thelma Dickinson
Laura Dern Rambling Rose Rose
Bette Midler For the Boys Dixie Leonard
Susan Sarandon Thelma & Louise Louise Sawyer
1992
(65th) 		Emma Thompson Award winner Howards End Margaret Schlegel [74]
Catherine Deneuve Indochine Eliane Devries
Mary McDonnell Passion Fish May-Alice Culhane
Michelle Pfeiffer Love Field Louise Irene "Lurene" Hallett
Susan Sarandon Lorenzo's Oil Michaela Murphy Odone
1993
(66th) 		Holly Hunter Award winner The Piano Ada McGrath [75]
Angela Bassett What's Love Got to Do with It Anna Mae Bullock / Tina Turner
Stockard Channing Six Degrees of Separation Louisa "Ouisa" Kittredge
Emma Thompson The Remains of the Day Sarah "Sally" Kenton
Debra Winger Shadowlands Joy Davidman
1994
(67th) 		Jessica Lange Award winner Blue Sky Carly Marshall [76]
Jodie Foster Nell Nell Kellty
Miranda Richardson Tom & Viv Vivienne Haigh-Wood
Winona Ryder Little Women Josephine "Jo" March
Susan Sarandon The Client Regina "Reggie" Love
1995
(68th) 		Susan Sarandon Award winner Dead Man Walking Helen Prejean [77]
Elisabeth Shue Leaving Las Vegas Sera
Sharon Stone Casino Ginger McKenna
Meryl Streep The Bridges of Madison County Francesca Johnson
Emma Thompson Sense and Sensibility Elinor Dashwood
1996
(69th) 		Frances McDormand Award winner Fargo Marge Gunderson [78]
Brenda Blethyn Secrets & Lies Cynthia Rose Purley
Diane Keaton Marvin's Room Bessie Wakefield
Kristin Scott Thomas The English Patient Katharine Clifton
Emily Watson Breaking the Waves Bess McNeill
1997
(70th) 		Helen Hunt Award winner As Good as It Gets Carol Connelly [79]
Helena Bonham Carter The Wings of the Dove Kate Croy
Julie Christie Afterglow Phyllis Hart
Judi Dench Mrs Brown Queen Victoria
Kate Winslet Titanic Rose DeWitt Bukater
1998
(71st) 		Gwyneth Paltrow Award winner Shakespeare in Love Viola de Lesseps/Thomas Kent [80]
Cate Blanchett Elizabeth Queen Elizabeth I
Fernanda Montenegro Central Station Isadora "Dora" Teixeira
Meryl Streep One True Thing Kate Gulden
Emily Watson Hilary and Jackie Jacqueline du Pré
1999
(72nd) 		Hilary Swank Award winner Boys Don't Cry Brandon Teena [81]
Annette Bening American Beauty Carolyn Burnham
Janet McTeer Tumbleweeds Mary Jo Walker
Julianne Moore The End of the Affair Sarah Miles
Meryl Streep Music of the Heart Roberta Guaspari
2000
(73rd) 		Julia Roberts Award winner Erin Brockovich Erin Brockovich [82]
Joan Allen The Contender Laine Hanson
Juliette Binoche Chocolat Vianne Rocher
Ellen Burstyn Requiem for a Dream Sara Goldfarb
Laura Linney You Can Count on Me Samantha "Sammy" Prescott
2001
(74th) 		Halle Berry Award winner Monster's Ball Leticia Musgrove [83]
Judi Dench Iris Iris Murdoch
Nicole Kidman Moulin Rouge! Satine
Sissy Spacek In the Bedroom Ruth Fowler
Renée Zellweger Bridget Jones's Diary Bridget Jones
2002
(75th) 		Nicole Kidman Award winner The Hours Virginia Woolf [84]
Salma Hayek Frida Frida Kahlo
Diane Lane Unfaithful Constance 'Connie' Sumner
Julianne Moore Far from Heaven Cathy Whitaker
Renée Zellweger Chicago Roxie Hart
2003
(76th) 		Charlize Theron Award winner Monster Aileen Wuornos [85]
Keisha Castle-Hughes Whale Rider Paikea Apirana
Diane Keaton Something's Gotta Give Erika Berry
Samantha Morton In America Sarah Sullivan
Naomi Watts 21 Grams Cristina Williams-Peck
2004
(77th) 		Hilary Swank Award winner Million Dollar Baby Maggie Fitzgerald [86]
Annette Bening Being Julia Julia Lambert
Catalina Sandino Moreno Maria Full of Grace María Álvarez
Imelda Staunton Vera Drake Vera Rose Drake
Kate Winslet Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind Clementine Kruczynski
2005
(78th) 		Reese Witherspoon Award winner Walk the Line June Carter Cash [87]
Judi Dench Mrs Henderson Presents Laura Forster-Henderson
Felicity Huffman Transamerica Sabrina "Bree" Osbourne
Keira Knightley Pride & Prejudice Elizabeth Bennet
Charlize Theron North Country Josey Aimes
2006
(79th) 		Helen Mirren Award winner The Queen Queen Elizabeth II [88]
Penélope Cruz Volver Raimunda
Judi Dench Notes on a Scandal Barbara Covett
Meryl Streep The Devil Wears Prada Miranda Priestly
Kate Winslet Little Children Sarah Pierce
2007
(80th) 		Marion Cotillard Award winner La Vie en rose Édith Piaf [89]
Cate Blanchett Elizabeth: The Golden Age Queen Elizabeth I
Julie Christie Away from Her Fiona Anderson
Laura Linney The Savages Wendy Savage
Ellen Page Juno Juno MacGuff
2008
(81st) 		Kate Winslet Award winner The Reader Hanna Schmitz [90]
Anne Hathaway Rachel Getting Married Kym Buchman
Angelina Jolie Changeling Christine Collins
Melissa Leo Frozen River Ray Eddy
Meryl Streep Doubt Aloysius Beauvier
2009
(82nd) 		Sandra Bullock Award winner The Blind Side Leigh Anne Tuohy [91]
Helen Mirren The Last Station Sophia Tolstaya
Carey Mulligan An Education Jenny Mellor
Gabourey Sidibe Precious Claireece "Precious" Jones
Meryl Streep Julie & Julia Julia Child
2010
(83rd) 		Natalie Portman Award winner Black Swan Nina Sayers [92]
Annette Bening The Kids Are All Right Nicole Allgood
Nicole Kidman Rabbit Hole Becca Corbett
Jennifer Lawrence Winter's Bone Ree Dolly
Michelle Williams Blue Valentine Cindy Heller
2011
(84th) 		Meryl Streep Award winner The Iron Lady Margaret Thatcher [93]
Glenn Close Albert Nobbs Albert Nobbs
Viola Davis The Help Aibileen Clark
Rooney Mara The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo Lisbeth Salander
Michelle Williams My Week with Marilyn Marilyn Monroe
2012
(85th) 		Jennifer Lawrence Award winner Silver Linings Playbook Tiffany Maxwell [94]
Jessica Chastain Zero Dark Thirty Maya
Emmanuelle Riva Amour Anne Laurent
Quvenzhané Wallis Beasts of the Southern Wild Hushpuppy
Naomi Watts The Impossible Maria Bennett
2013
(86th) 		Cate Blanchett Award winner Blue Jasmine Jeanette "Jasmine" Francis [95]
Amy Adams American Hustle Sydney Prosser / Lady Edith Greensly
Sandra Bullock Gravity Ryan Stone
Judi Dench Philomena Philomena Lee
Meryl Streep August: Osage County Violet Weston
2014
(87th) 		Julianne Moore Award winner Still Alice Alice Daly-Howland [96]
Marion Cotillard Two Days, One Night Sandra Bya
Felicity Jones The Theory of Everything Jane Wilde-Hawking
Rosamund Pike Gone Girl Amy Elliott-Dunne
Reese Witherspoon Wild Cheryl Strayed
2015
(88th) 		Brie Larson Award winner Room Joy Newsome [97]
Cate Blanchett Carol Carol Aird
Jennifer Lawrence Joy Joy Mangano
Charlotte Rampling 45 Years Kate Mercer
Saoirse Ronan Brooklyn Eilis Lacey

Multiple wins and nominations

Age superlatives

Record Actress Film Age (in years) Ref.
Oldest winner Jessica Tandy Driving Miss Daisy 80 [98]
Oldest nominee Emmanuelle Riva Amour 85 [98]
Youngest winner Marlee Matlin Children of a Lesser God 21 [98]
Youngest nominee Quvenzhané Wallis Beasts of the Southern Wild 9 [98]

See also

Notes

A1 2 : Rules at the time of the first three ceremonies allowed for a performer to receive a single nomination which could honor their work in more than one film. Greta Garbo and Norma Shearer were both nominated for two different roles in the same category. Current Academy rules forbid this from happening. No official reason was ever given as to why Shearer won the award for only one of the two films she was listed for.[99]
B^ : Bette Davis's performance in Of Human Bondage was not nominated for an Oscar.[100] Several influential people at the time campaigned to have her name included on the list, so for that year (and the following year also) the Academy relaxed its rules and allowed a write-in vote.[101] Technically this meant that any performance was eligible to win the award, regardless of whether they were an official nominee or not. While the Academy does not officially recognize this as a nomination for Davis,[102][103] they have included her in the list of nominees for the 1935 ceremony on their official website.[16]
C1 2 : Both Katharine Hepburn and Barbra Streisand received the exact number of votes resulting in both actresses receiving the award, according to Academy rules.[104]

References

  1. ↑ "Rule One: Award Definitions" (PDF). Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). p. 1. Retrieved August 30, 2013.
  2. ↑ "Rule Six: Special Rules for the Acting Awards" (PDF). Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). p. 8-7. Retrieved August 30, 2013.
  3. 1 2 3 Levy 2003, p. 56
  4. ↑ Dirks, Tim. "1929–38 Academy Awards Winners and History". Filmsite. Rainbow Media. Retrieved August 30, 2013.
  5. ↑ Crouse 2005, p. 257
  6. 1 2 3 Levy 2003, p. 52
  7. ↑ King, Susan (March 28, 2011). "The Academy to fete Sophia Loren". Los Angeles Times. Tribune Company. Retrieved April 13, 2015.
  8. ↑ Crouse 2005, p. 88
  9. ↑ "The 1st Academy Awards (1929) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  10. ↑ "The 2nd Academy Awards (1930) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  11. ↑ Thise 2008, p. 235
  12. ↑ "The 3rd Academy Awards (1931) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  13. ↑ "The 4th Academy Awards (1932) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  14. ↑ "The 5th Academy Awards (1933) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  15. ↑ "The 6th Academy Awards (1934) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  16. 1 2 "The 7th Academy Awards (1935) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  17. ↑ "The 8th Academy Awards (1936) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  18. ↑ "The 9th Academy Awards (1937) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  19. ↑ "The 10th Academy Awards (1938) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  20. ↑ "The 11th Academy Awards (1939) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  21. ↑ "The 12th Academy Awards (1940) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  22. ↑ "The 13th Academy Awards (1941) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  23. ↑ "The 14th Academy Awards (1942) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  24. ↑ "The 15th Academy Awards (1943) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  25. ↑ "The 16th Academy Awards (1944) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  26. ↑ "The 17th Academy Awards (1945) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  27. ↑ "The 18th Academy Awards (1946) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  28. ↑ "The 19th Academy Awards (1947) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  29. ↑ "The 20th Academy Awards (1948) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  30. ↑ "The 21st Academy Awards (1949) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  31. ↑ "The 22nd Academy Awards (1950) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  32. ↑ "The 23rd Academy Awards (1951) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  33. ↑ "The 24th Academy Awards (1952) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  34. ↑ "The 25th Academy Awards (1953) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  35. ↑ "The 26th Academy Awards (1954) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  36. ↑ "The 27th Academy Awards (1955) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  37. ↑ "The 28th Academy Awards (1956) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  38. ↑ "The 29th Academy Awards (1957) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  39. ↑ "The 30th Academy Awards (1958) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  40. ↑ "The 31st Academy Awards (1959) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  41. ↑ "The 32nd Academy Awards (1960) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  42. ↑ "The 33rd Academy Awards (1961) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  43. ↑ "The 34th Academy Awards (1962) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  44. ↑ "The 35th Academy Awards (1963) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  45. ↑ "The 36th Academy Awards (1964) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  46. ↑ "The 37th Academy Awards (1965) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  47. ↑ "The 38th Academy Awards (1966) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  48. ↑ "The 39th Academy Awards (1967) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  49. ↑ "The 40th Academy Awards (1968) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  50. ↑ "The 41st Academy Awards (1969) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  51. ↑ "The 42nd Academy Awards (1970) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  52. ↑ "The 43rd Academy Awards (1971) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  53. ↑ "The 44th Academy Awards (1972) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  54. ↑ "The 45th Academy Awards (1973) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  55. ↑ "The 46th Academy Awards (1974) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  56. ↑ "The 47th Academy Awards (1975) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  57. ↑ "The 48th Academy Awards (1976) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  58. ↑ "The 49th Academy Awards (1977) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  59. ↑ "The 50th Academy Awards (1978) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  60. ↑ "The 51st Academy Awards (1979) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  61. ↑ "The 52nd Academy Awards (1980) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  62. ↑ "The 53rd Academy Awards (1980) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  63. ↑ "The 54th Academy Awards (1982) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  64. ↑ "The 55th Academy Awards (1983) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  65. ↑ "The 56th Academy Awards (1984) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  66. ↑ "The 57th Academy Awards (1985) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  67. ↑ "The 58th Academy Awards (1986) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  68. ↑ "The 59th Academy Awards (1987) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  69. ↑ "The 60th Academy Awards (1988) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  70. ↑ "The 61st Academy Awards (1989) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  71. ↑ "The 62nd Academy Awards (1990) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  72. ↑ "The 63rd Academy Awards (1991) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  73. ↑ "The 64th Academy Awards (1992) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  74. ↑ "The 65th Academy Awards (1993) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  75. ↑ "The 66th Academy Awards (1994) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  76. ↑ "The 67th Academy Awards (1995) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  77. ↑ "The 68th Academy Awards (1996) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  78. ↑ "The 69th Academy Awards (1997) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  79. ↑ "The 70th Academy Awards (1998) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  80. ↑ "The 71st Academy Awards (1999) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  81. ↑ "The 72nd Academy Awards (2000) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  82. ↑ "The 73rd Academy Awards (2001) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  83. ↑ "The 74th Academy Awards (2002) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  84. ↑ "The 75th Academy Awards (2003) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  85. ↑ "The 76th Academy Awards (2004) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  86. ↑ "The 77th Academy Awards (2005) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  87. ↑ "The 78th Academy Awards (2006) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  88. ↑ "The 79th Academy Awards (2007) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  89. ↑ "The 80th Academy Awards (2008) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  90. ↑ "The 81st Academy Awards (2009) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  91. ↑ "The 82nd Academy Awards (2010) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  92. ↑ "The 83rd Academy Awards (2011) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  93. ↑ "The 84th Academy Awards (2012) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  94. ↑ "The 85th Academy Awards (2013) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  95. ↑ "The 86th Academy Awards (2014) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved April 10, 2014.
  96. ↑ "The 87th Academy Awards (2015) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved January 15, 2015.
  97. ↑ "The 88th Academy Awards (2016) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved January 14, 2016.
  98. 1 2 3 4 "Oldest/Youngest Acting Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved December 28, 2014.
  99. ↑ Rooney, David (November 25, 2003). "On the double-bubble". Variety. Penske Media Corporation. Retrieved August 30, 2013.
  100. ↑ Wiley & Bona 1996, p. 1002
  101. ↑ Wiley & Bona 1996, p. 1045
  102. ↑ Levy 2003, p. 51
  103. ↑ Wiley & Bona 1996, p. 65
  104. ↑ Levy 2003, p. 116

Bibliography

External links

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