C/2012 S4

C/2012 S4 (PANSTARRS)
Discovery
Discovered by Pan-STARRS (Bryce Bolin, Peter Veres, Larry Denneau, Richard Wainscoat, Rob Jedicke, Marco Micheli)
Discovery date 28 September 2012
Orbital characteristics [ A]
Epoch 2013 April 22 (JD 2456404.5)[1]
Observation arc 460 days[1]
# of observations used 925[1]
Aphelion ~5700 AU (barycentric)[lower-alpha 1]
504000±194000 AU[1]
Perihelion 4.348730±0.000004 AU[1]
Semi-major axis ~2800 AU (barycentric)[lower-alpha 1]
252000±97000 AU[1]
Eccentricity 0.999983±0.000007[1]
Orbital period ~150000 yr[lower-alpha 1]
nonperiodic; est. (127±73)×106 yrs[1]
Inclination 126.5413 degrees[1]
TJupiter −1.540
Comet total
magnitude (M1)		 9.2
Comet nuclear
magnitude (M2)		 11.9
Last perihelion 2013 June 28
Next perihelion Unknown

C/2012 S4 is a non-periodic comet with the largest listed aphelion of any object on the JPL Small-Body Database. But the listed aphelion distance of 500,000 AU (8 ly) from the Sun[1] is a generic near-perihelion unperturbed two-body solution that assumes the Sun and comet are the only two objects in the Universe. Other comets, such as C/2015 TQ209 have had epoch-dependent solutions with aphelia of more than 1,000,000 AU (16 ly).[2] As a comparison, the closest star, Proxima Centauri, is about 4.24 light years from the Sun, and Wolf 359 is 7.78 light years away. Any comet more than about 150,000 AU (2 ly) from the Sun can be considered lost to the interstellar medium. But C/2012 S4 will not be ejected from the Solar System.

Barycentric orbit

Integrating the orbit until the comet is outside the perturbations of the planets generates a barycentric aphelion of ~5700 AU.[3][lower-alpha 1] It will not be 30 AU from the Sun until 2028.

It is estimated to be approximately the same size as 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko.

See also

Notes

  1. 1 2 3 4 Given the orbital eccentricity of this object, different epochs can generate quite different heliocentric unperturbed two-body best-fit solutions to the semi-major axis and orbital period. For objects at such high eccentricity, the Sun's barycentric coordinates are more stable than heliocentric coordinates. Using JPL Horizons, the barycentric aphelion is approximately 5700 AU with an orbital period of about 150000 years.[3]

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Comet C/2012 S4 (PANSTARRS) at the JPL Small Body Database
  2. ↑ archice.is: TXbbB
  3. 1 2 Horizons output. "Barycentric Osculating Orbital Elements for Comet C/2012 S4 (PANSTARRS". Retrieved 2015-09-26. (Solution using the Solar System Barycenter and barycentric coordinates. Select Ephemeris Type:Elements and Center:@0)
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