Camp Grant, California

Along the South Fork of the Eel River near Camp Grant.

Camp Grant is a ghost town in Humboldt County located on the South Fork Eel River 2 miles (3.2 km) northeast of Weott and 3 miles (4.8 km) east of Dyerville.^[1] It was originally settled by Northern Sinkyone people, followed by a Union Army camp and later a logging and railroad support settlement for the construction of the Northwestern Pacific Railroad.^[1]

History

The area was formerly inhabited by Northern Sinkyone people^[2] whose main village, named IlhtcuntaHduñ (also Ltcuntdun) was 3 miles (4.8 km) downstream at the confluence of Bull Creek, later named Dyerville.^[3]

In early 1850, half of the Josiah Gregg expedition, including Lewis K. Wood who would later found Arcata, California, passed through on local trails seeking their way back to San Francisco.^[4] The other half, including the dying Gregg, had tried to follow the coast road and failed. They left the Lost Coast along Bull Creek from about the present day location of Honeydew, California and passed this area on trails on their way to Clearlake although their exact route after leaving this area is unknown.^[5]

The rush of Euro-American settlers followed immediately north on the traditional, strenuous trails over Island Mountain, now Bell Springs Road. Settlers bound for Eureka passed Camp Grant on their way north from the intersection of present-day U.S. Highway 101 and Cummings Creek, south of Leggett.^[6] This migration of Euro/Americans through an area without the resources to support the increase in population led to disease, conflict and starvation for the Sinkyone.^[7]

Indian Agent Redick McKee's 1851 expedition^[7] brought a rush of homestead filings.^[8] Native groups militated against this. The resulting conflicts led to the establishment of organized vigilante committees such as the Volunteer Company of Dragoons and continued through at least the 1870s.^[9]:2–3

Bald Hills War

Camp Grant, on a line east from Cape Mendocino, on an 1866 map

The Bald Hills War against the local Indians was waged during the American Civil War. Camp Grant was established on the Eel River, 3 miles (4.8 km) east of the confluence of the South Fork of the Eel with Bull Creek, in October 1863.

Camp Grant was commanded by Captain John Y. Simpson with Company E, 1st Battalion of Mountaineers, California Volunteers as its garrison. Simpson and Company E were involved in several skirmishes: Skirmish at Grouse Creek May 23, 1864; a Skirmish at Matole May 26, 1864; Skirmish at Big Flat May 28, 1864; Expedition to North Fork Eel River September 1–29, 1864.^[10]

During these operations they captured 166 Native Americans (referred to as "hostiles") and sent them to the Round Valley Reservation in 1864.^[11] In August 1864 the Bald Hills War ended and Company E was mustered out at Fort Humboldt on June 14, 1865.^[11] Camp Grant was abandoned shortly thereafter.^[11]

Settlement

The location remained as a settlement; a post office operated at Camp Grant from 1868 to 1895.^[1] In the 20th century, many private owners in the area sold their land to the Humboldt Redwoods State Park. The area is now considered a part of Weott.

References

1. Durham, David L. (1998). California's Geographic Names: A Gazetteer of Historic and Modern Names of the State. Clovis, Calif.: Word Dancer Press. p. 32. ISBN 1-884995-14-4.
2. Jerry Rohde; Gisela Rohde (1 January 1992). Humboldt Redwoods State Park: The Complete Guide. Miles & Miles. ISBN 978-0-936810-25-6. Retrieved 25 July 2013.
3. Evans, Barry (January 16, 2014). "The Rise and Fall of Dyerville". North Coast Journal. Retrieved 18 February 2014.
4. Davidson, George (10 March 1891). The discovery of Humboldt Bay, California. Geographical Society of the Pacific. p. 16. Retrieved 9 December 2012.
5. "History of Humboldt County California Chapter 4". Los Angeles, California: Historic Record Co. 1915. Retrieved 17 February 2013. They attempted to follow along the mountain near the coast, but were very slow in their progress on account of the snow on the high ridges. Finding the country much broken along the coast, making it continually necessary to cross abrupt points, and deep gulches and canyons, after struggling along for several days, they concluded to abandon that route and strike easterly toward the Sacramento valley. Having very little ammunition, they all came nigh perishing from starvation, and, as Mr. Southard related to me, Dr. Gregg continued to grow weaker, from the time of our separation, until, one day, he fell from his horse and died in a few hours without speaking—died from starvation—he had had no meat for several days, had been living entirely upon acorns and herbs. They dug a hole with sticks and put him under ground, then carried rock and piled upon his grave to keep animals from digging him up. They got through to the Sacramento valley a few days later than we reached Sonoma valley. Thus ended our expedition.
6. Preston, Rosaline; Carol Huber (1996). The Preston/Lindsey Trail. R. Preston, Warden, Washington. pp. 1–407.
7. Frederick Ward Putnam; Alfred Louis Kroeber; Robert Harry Lowie (1919). University of California Publications: American archaeology and ethnology. University of California Press. pp. 300–. Retrieved 25 July 2013.
8. Ray Raphael (1 January 1993). Little White Father: Redick McKee on the California Frontier. Humboldt County Historical Society. ISBN 978-1-883254-00-1. Retrieved 25 July 2013.
9. Fran Clever (1998). Before the Floods: Early Memories of Dyerville, South Fork, Weott and Burlington. F. Clever.
10. California. Adjutant General's Office (1890). Records of California Men in the War of the Rebellion 1861 to 1867. J. D. Young, Supt. State Printing. p. 830.
11. "Camp Grant". Historic California Posts. The California State Military Museum. Retrieved 18 February 2014.

Coordinates: 40°20′35.08″N 123°53′9.44″W / 40.3430778°N 123.8859556°W