Carson City, Nevada

"Carson City" redirects here. For other uses, see Carson City (disambiguation).
Carson City, Nevada
Independent city
Consolidated Municipality of Carson City


Seal
Nickname(s): Carson, CC, The Capitol
Motto: Proud of its Past...Confident of its Future

Location in Nevada
Carson City, Nevada
Carson City, Nevada

Location in the United States

Coordinates: 39°9′39″N 119°45′14″W / 39.16083°N 119.75389°W / 39.16083; -119.75389Coordinates: 39°9′39″N 119°45′14″W / 39.16083°N 119.75389°W / 39.16083; -119.75389
Country United States
State Nevada
County None (Independent city)
Founded 1858
Government
 • Mayor Bob Crowell (D)
 • State Senator Ben Kieckhefer (R)
 • State Assemblyman P.K. O'Neill (R)
 • U.S. Representative Mark Amodei (R)
Area
 • Total 157 sq mi (410 km2)
 • Land 145 sq mi (380 km2)
 • Water 13 sq mi (30 km2)  8.0%
Elevation 4,802 ft (1,463 m)
Population (2014)
 • Total 54,522
 • Density 382/sq mi (147/km2)
Time zone Pacific (UTC−8)
 • Summer (DST) Pacific (UTC−7)
ZIP code 89701-89706, 89711-89714, 89721
Area code(s) 775
Website carson.org
Nevada Historical Marker
Reference no. 44

Carson City, officially the Consolidated Municipality of Carson City, is an independent city and the capital of the US state of Nevada, named after the mountain man Kit Carson. As of the 2010 census, the population was 55,274.[1] The majority of the population of the town lives in Eagle Valley, on the eastern edge of the Carson Range, a branch of the Sierra Nevada, about 30 miles (50 km) south of Reno. The town originated as a stopover for California bound emigrants, but developed into a city with the Comstock Lode, a silver strike in the mountains to the northeast. The city has served as the capital of Nevada since statehood in 1864 and for much of its history was a hub for the Virginia and Truckee Railroad, although the tracks were removed in the 1950s. Prior to 1969, Carson City was the county seat of Ormsby County. In 1969, the county was abolished, and its territory was merged with Carson City to form the Consolidated Municipality of Carson City.[2] With the consolidation, the city limits today extend west across the Sierra Nevada to the California state line in the middle of Lake Tahoe. Like other independent cities in the United States, it is treated as a county-equivalent for census purposes.

History

Abraham Curry
Illustration of Carson City in 1877

The first European Americans to arrive in what is known as Eagle Valley were John C. Fremont and his exploration party in January 1843.[3] Fremont named the river flowing through the valley Carson River in honor of Christopher "Kit" Carson, the mountain man and scout he had hired for his expedition. Prior to the Fremont expedition, the Washoe people inhabited the valley and surrounding areas. Settlers named the area Washoe in reference to the tribe.[4]

By 1851 the Eagle Station ranch located along the Carson River served as a trading post and stopover for travelers on the California Trail's Carson Branch which ran through Eagle Valley. The valley and trading post received their name from a bald eagle that was hunted and killed by one of the early settlers and was featured on a wall inside the post.

As the area was part of the Utah Territory, it was governed from Salt Lake City, where the territorial government was headquartered. Early settlers bristled at the control exerted by Mormon-influenced officials and desired the creation of the Nevada territory. A vigilante group of influential settlers, headed by Abraham Curry, sought a site for a capital city for the envisioned territory.[5] In 1858, Abraham Curry bought Eagle Station and thereafter renamed the settlement Carson City.[6] As Curry and several other partners had Eagle Valley surveyed for development. Curry had decided for himself that Carson City would someday serve as the capital city and left a 10-acre (40,000 m2) plot open in the center of town for a future capitol building.

Following the discovery of gold and silver in 1859 on the nearby Comstock Lode, Carson City's population began to rise. Curry built the Warm Springs Hotel a mile to the east of the center of town. When the territorial governor James W. Nye traveled to Nevada, he chose Carson City as the territorial capital, influenced by Carson City lawyer William Stewart, who escorted him from San Francisco to Nevada.[7] As such, Carson City bested Virginia City and American Flat. Curry loaned the Warm Springs Hotel to the territorial Legislature as a meeting hall. The Legislature named Carson City to be the seat of Ormsby County and selected the hotel as the territorial prison with Curry serving as its first warden. Today the property still serves as part of the state prison.

When Nevada became a state in 1864 during the Civil War, Carson City was confirmed as Nevada's permanent capital. Carson City's development was no longer dependent on the mining industry and instead became a thriving commercial center. The Virginia & Truckee Railroad was built between Virginia City and Carson City. A wooden flume was also built from the Sierra Nevadas into Carson City. The current capitol building was constructed from 1870 to 1871. The United States Mint operated a branch mint in Carson City between the years 1870 and 1893, which struck gold and silver coins. People came from China during that time, many of them to work on the railroad. Some of them owned businesses and taught school. By 1880, almost a thousand Chinese people, "one for every five Caucasians," lived in Carson City.[8]

Carson City's population and transportation traffic decreased when the Central Pacific Railroad built a line through Donner Pass, too far to the north to benefit Carson City. The city was slightly revitalized with the mining booms in Tonopah and Goldfield. The US federal building (now renamed the Paul Laxalt Building) was completed in 1890 as was the Stewart Indian School. Even these developments were not enough to prevent the city's population from dropping to just over 1,500 people by 1930. Carson City resigned itself to small city status, advertising itself as "America's smallest capital." The city slowly grew after World War II; by 1960 it had reached its 1880 boom-time population.

20th-century revitalization and growth

As early as the late 1940s, discussions began about merging Ormsby County and Carson City. By this time, the county was little more than Carson City and a few hamlets to the west. However, the effort did not pay off until 1966, when a statewide referendum formally approved the merger. The required constitutional amendment was passed in 1968. On April 1, 1969; Ormsby County and Carson City officially merged as the Consolidated Municipality of Carson City.[2] With this consolidation, Carson City absorbed former town sites such as Empire City, which had grown up in the 1860s as a milling center along the Carson River and current US 50. Carson City could now advertise itself as one of America's largest state capitals with its 146 square miles (380 km2) of city limits.[9]

In 1991, the city adopted a downtown master plan, specifying that no building within 500 feet (150 metres) of the capitol would surpass it in height. This plan effectively prohibited future high-rise development in the center of downtown.[10] The Ormsby House is currently the tallest building in downtown Carson City, at a height of 117 feet. The structure was completed in 1972.[11]

Demographics

Carson City is the smallest of the United States' 366 Metropolitan Statistical Areas.

Historical population
Census Pop. %±
1850714—
18607140.0%
18703,042326.1%
18804,22939.0%
18903,950−6.6%
19002,100−46.8%
19102,46617.4%
19201,685−31.7%
19301,596−5.3%
19402,47855.3%
19503,08224.4%
19605,16367.5%
197015,468199.6%
198032,022107.0%
199040,44326.3%
200052,54729.9%
201055,2745.2%
Est. 201554,521[12]−1.4%
U.S. Decennial Census[13]
1790-1960[14] 1900-1990[15]
1990-2000[16] 2010-2013[1]

As of the 2010 census there are 55,274 people, 20,171 households, and 13,252 families residing in the city. The population density is 366 people per square mile (141/km2). There are 21,283 housing units at an average density of 148/sq mi (57/km2). The racial makeup of the city is 81.1% White, 1.9% Black or African American, 2.4% Native American, 2.1% Asian, 0.2% Pacific Islander, 9.4% from other races, and 2.9% from two or more races. 21% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race.

As of the 2000 census, there are 20,171 households, out of which 29.8% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.0% are married couples living together, 11.0% have a female householder with no husband present, and 34.3% are non-families. 27.8% of all households are made up of individuals and 11.00% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.44 and the average family size is 2.97. The city's age distribution is: 23.4% under the age of 18, 7.9% from 18 to 24, 28.9% from 25 to 44, 24.9% from 45 to 64, and 14.9% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 39 years. For every 100 females there are 106.90 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 108.20 males.[17]

Data from the 2000 census indicates that the median income for a household in the city is $41,809, and the median income for a family is $49,570. Males have a median income of $35,296 versus $27,418 for females. The per capita income for the city is $20,943. 10.0% of the population and 6.9% of families are below the poverty line. Out of the total population, 13.7% of those under the age of 18 and 5.8% of those 65 and older are living below the poverty line.

Languages

As of 2010, 82.31% (42,697) of Carson City residents age 5 and older spoke English at home as a primary language, while 14.12% (7,325) spoke Spanish, 0.61% (318) French, and numerous Indic languages were spoken as a main language by 0.50% (261) of the population over the age of five. In total, 17.69% (9,174) of Carson City's population age 5 and older spoke a mother language other than English.[18]

Economy

The following is a list of the top employers in Carson City from the fourth quarter of 2012:[19]

1,500 - 1,999 employees

1,000 - 1,499 Employees

500 - 999 employees

200 - 499 employees

100-199 employees

Government and politics

Ormsby County consolidated with Carson City in 1969, and the county simultaneously dissolved.[20] The city is now governed by a five-member board of supervisors, consisting of a mayor and four supervisors.[20] All members are elected at-large, but each of the four supervisors must reside in respective wards, numbered 1 through 4.[20] The mayor and supervisors serve four year terms. Elections are staggered so that the mayor and the supervisors from Wards 2 and Ward 4 are elected in presidential election years, and the supervisors from Ward 1 and 3 are elected in the even-numbered years in between (i.e., the same year as gubernatorial elections).[20]

Nevada's capital is generally considered a Republican stronghold, often voting for Republicans by wide margins. In 2004, George Bush defeated John Kerry 57-40%. In 2008 however Barack Obama became the first Democrat since 1964 to win Ormsby County/Carson City, defeating John McCain 49% to 48%, by 204 votes, a margin of under 1%.[21]

Carson City, being the state capital, is home to many political protests and demonstrations at any given time.[22][23][24]

In an attempt to either make proposed spent nuclear fuel storage facility at Yucca Mountain prohibitively expensive (by raising property tax rates to the maximum allowed) or to allow the state to collect the potential federal payments of property taxes on the facility, the state government in 1987 carved Yucca Mountain out of Nye County and created a new county with no residents out of the area surrounding Yucca called Bullfrog County. Carson City became the county seat of Bullfrog County, even though it is not located in Bullfrog County and is more than 100 miles (160 km) from Yucca Mountain. A state judge found the process unconstitutional in 1989, and Bullfrog County's territory was retroceded to Nye County.

Climate

Carson City features a semi-arid climate[25] with cool but not inordinately cold winters and hot summers. The city is situated in a high desert river valley approximately 4,802 feet (1,464 m) above sea level. There are four fairly distinct seasons, all of which are relatively mild compared to many parts of the country and to what one may expect given its elevation. Winters see typically light to moderate snowfall, with a median of 8.9 inches (23 cm).[26] Most precipitation occurs in winter and spring, with summer and fall being fairly dry, drier than neighboring California. There are 37 days of 90 °F (32 °C)+ highs annually,[26] with 100 °F (38 °C)+ temperatures occurring in some years.

The Carson River flows from Douglas County through the southwestern edge of Carson City.

Climate data for Carson City, Nevada (1981–2010 normals)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °F (°C) 72
(22)		 76
(24)		 81
(27)		 88
(31)		 94
(34)		 101
(38)		 107
(42)		 105
(41)		 103
(39)		 93
(34)		 79
(26)		 75
(24)		 107
(42)
Average high °F (°C) 45.2
(7.3)		 49.9
(9.9)		 56.7
(13.7)		 62.7
(17.1)		 71.4
(21.9)		 81.1
(27.3)		 89.6
(32)		 88.0
(31.1)		 80.4
(26.9)		 67.9
(19.9)		 54.4
(12.4)		 45.0
(7.2)		 66.0
(18.9)
Daily mean °F (°C) 33.5
(0.8)		 37.6
(3.1)		 43.3
(6.3)		 48.3
(9.1)		 56.1
(13.4)		 64.1
(17.8)		 70.9
(21.6)		 69.3
(20.7)		 61.9
(16.6)		 51.2
(10.7)		 40.7
(4.8)		 33.4
(0.8)		 50.9
(10.5)
Average low °F (°C) 21.7
(−5.7)		 25.3
(−3.7)		 29.9
(−1.2)		 33.9
(1.1)		 40.8
(4.9)		 47.1
(8.4)		 52.2
(11.2)		 50.6
(10.3)		 43.4
(6.3)		 34.6
(1.4)		 27.1
(−2.7)		 21.9
(−5.6)		 35.7
(2.1)
Record low °F (°C) −27
(−33)		 −22
(−30)		 −5
(−21)		 3
(−16)		 18
(−8)		 25
(−4)		 33
(1)		 26
(−3)		 17
(−8)		 6
(−14)		 −5
(−21)		 −26
(−32)		 −27
(−33)
Average precipitation inches (mm) 1.59
(40.4)		 1.50
(38.1)		 1.15
(29.2)		 0.43
(10.9)		 0.43
(10.9)		 0.40
(10.2)		 0.19
(4.8)		 0.21
(5.3)		 0.39
(9.9)		 0.77
(19.6)		 1.19
(30.2)		 1.43
(36.3)		 9.66
(245.4)
Average snowfall inches (cm) 3.4
(8.6)		 3.4
(8.6)		 1.9
(4.8)		 0.2
(0.5)		 0
(0)		 0
(0)		 0
(0)		 0
(0)		 0
(0)		 0
(0)		 0.9
(2.3)		 3.9
(9.9)		 13.8
(35.1)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) 6.3 5.7 5.1 3.4 3.1 2.3 1.1 1.4 1.9 3.3 4.1 5.1 42.6
Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) 1.4 1.2 0.9 0.1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.5 1.1 5.4
Source: NOAA (extremes 1893–present)[26]

Also notably, Carson City has warmed more than any other city in the nation during the last 30 years.[27]

Education

The Carson City School District operates ten schools in Carson City. The six elementary schools are Bordewich-Bray Elementary School, Empire Elementary School, Fremont Elementary School, Fritsch Elementary School, Mark Twain Elementary School, and Al Seeliger Elementary School. The two middle schools are Carson Middle School and Eagle Valley Middle School. Carson High School and the alternative Pioneer High School serve high school students. Carson High is on Saliman Road.[28]

Western Nevada College (WNC) is a regionally accredited, two-year and four-year institution which is part of the Nevada System of Higher Education. It has an education program. The school also offers associate of arts, associate of science.[29]

Sports and recreation

Carson City has never hosted any professional team sports. However, a variety of sports are offered at parks and recreation.[30] Many neighborhood parks offers a wide variety of features, including picnic tables, beaches, restrooms, fishing, softball, basketball hoops, pond, tennis, and volleyball. The largest park is Mills Park, which has a total land area of 51 acres (0.21 km2) and includes the 2 ft (610 mm) narrow gauge[31] Carson & Mills Park Railroad.[32] While there are no ski slopes within Carson City, the city is located close to Heavenly Mountain Resort, Diamond Peak and Mount Rose skiing areas.[33]

Points of interest

Museums

Secret Harbor Beach, Lake Tahoe

Children's Museum of Northern Nevada - Carson City www.cmnn.org

Open land

The following is a list of movies with scenes filmed in Carson City:[38]

Notable people

Carson City has served as one of the state’s centers for politics and business. Every state governor since Denver S. Dickerson has resided in the Governor's Mansion located in Carson City.[39] See also: List of Governors of Nevada. The following personalities took up a residence in Carson City at some point in their lives.[40]

Transportation

Looking south on US 395, just south of US 50 in Douglas County near Carson City

There are two highways in the city US Route 395 and US Route 50.[59] Carson City is home to one under-construction freeway Interstate 580. Phase 1 of the Carson City Freeway Project from US 395, just north of the city, to US 50 was completed in February 2006 and Phase 2A, extending from Rt. 50 to Fairview Drive, was officially opened on September 24, 2009. Phase 2B, Fairview Drive to Rt. 50, awaits funding[60] and, according to Director Martinovich at NDOT, completion is anticipated for the fall of 2017[61] Prior to 2012, Carson City was one of only five state capitals not directly served by an Interstate highway; the city lost this distinction when I-580 was extended into the city limits.

Carson City's first modern bus system, Jump Around Carson, or JAC, opened to the public in October 2005.[62] JAC uses a smaller urban bus that is ideal for Carson City.[63] However, there is virtually no ground public transportation to other destinations. Passenger trains haven't served Carson City since 1950, when the Virginia and Truckee Railroad was shut down. Greyhound Lines stopped their bus services to the town in 2006 and Amtrak discontinued their connecting thruway bus to Sacramento in 2008. There is now only a limited Monday – Friday RTC bus service[64] to Reno which is still served by both Greyhound and Amtrak.

Carson City is also served by the Carson Airport, which is a regional airport in the northern part of the city. Reno-Tahoe International Airport, which is 28 miles (45 km) away, handles domestic commercial flights.[65]

Historic buildings

References

  1. 1 2 "State & County QuickFacts". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved September 23, 2013.
  2. 1 2 "About Carson City". Carson City. May 29, 2006. Retrieved November 20, 2011.
  3. ↑ "National Park Service: Three Historic Cities". Travel Nevada.com. Retrieved June 2, 2010.
  4. ↑ Bayer, C.W. (1995). Profits, plots & lynching; the creation of Nevada Territory. Carson, City NV: Purple Mountain Press. p. 2. ISBN 0-9628890-3-2.
  5. ↑ Oldham, Willa (1991). Carson City: Nevada’s Capital City. Carson City, NV: Nevada State Museum. p. 5. ASIN B0006QSL8Q.
  6. ↑ Carson City website. "Carson City Living History". Retrieved 2013-01-17.
  7. ↑ Hauck, Eldon (1991). American Capitols. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company, Inc. p. 138.
  8. ↑ Kelli Du Fresne. "Dedicated to Carson's Chinese history". Nevada Appeal. Archived from the original on April 7, 2012. Retrieved September 7, 2011.
  9. ↑ Carson City Government. "Carson City: History". Retrieved February 6, 2010.
  10. ↑ Staff Writer. "About Carson City". Emporis. Archived from the original on October 23, 2012. Retrieved February 6, 2010.
  11. ↑ "Carson City High Rise Buildings". Emporis.com. Retrieved 2013-01-17.
  12. ↑ "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Incorporated Places: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2015". Retrieved July 2, 2016.
  13. ↑ "U.S. Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on April 22, 2013. Retrieved December 20, 2014.
  14. ↑ "Historical Census Browser". University of Virginia Library. Retrieved December 20, 2014.
  15. ↑ "Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved December 20, 2014.
  16. ↑ "Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. Retrieved December 20, 2014.
  17. ↑ Staff Writer. "Carson City Demographics". City-Data.com. Retrieved June 3, 2010.
  18. ↑ "Carson City (city) County, Nevada". Modern Language Association. Archived from the original on August 15, 2013. Retrieved August 10, 2013.
  19. ↑ "Nevada Workforce". Archived from the original on March 16, 2012. Retrieved 2013-01-17.
  20. 1 2 3 4 Board of Supervisors, Carson City.
  21. ↑ "Carson City Politics". carson.org. p. 95. Retrieved 2013-01-17.
  22. ↑ Terri Russell, Advocates Protest Horse Slaughter, KOLO News (January 5, 2013).
  23. ↑ "World War II, Korea veterans join anti-war protests in Carson City". Las Vegas Review Journal.
  24. ↑ Chereb, Sandra (March 21, 2011). "Protestors in Carson City Objecting to Education Cuts". Las Vegas Review Journal. Stephens Media. Associated Press. Retrieved January 13, 2015.
  25. ↑ http://www.city-data.com/us-cities/The-West/Carson-City-Geography-and-Climate.html
  26. 1 2 3 "NowData - NOAA Online Weather Data". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 2013-06-25.
  27. ↑ http://bigstory.ap.org/article/carson-city-leads-nation-warming-trend
  28. ↑ Staff Writer. "Carson City School District". Carson City School District. Archived from the original on March 5, 2010. Retrieved March 6, 2010.
  29. ↑ Staff Writer. "Western Nevada College Website". Western Nevada College. Retrieved June 3, 2010.
  30. ↑ Staff Writer (2010-05-14). "Carson City Recreation". Carson City. Retrieved March 6, 2010.
  31. ↑ Carson City & Mills Park RR No. 3
  32. ↑ Staff Writer. "Parks in Carson City". Carson City. Archived from the original on July 16, 2011. Retrieved March 6, 2010.
  33. ↑ Staff Writer. "Ski resort near Carson City". Google. Retrieved March 6, 2010.
  34. ↑ "Stewart Indian School-Three Historic Nevada Cities: Carson City, Reno and Virginia City-A National Register of Historic Places Travel Itinerary". Nps.gov. Retrieved 2013-01-17.
  35. ↑ "The Historic James Doane Roberts House". Cchistorical.org. Archived from the original on August 28, 2013. Retrieved 2013-01-17.
  36. ↑
  37. ↑ "Yesterday's Flyers:". Retrieved April 19, 2012.
  38. ↑ "Carson City.com". Visitcarsoncity.com. Retrieved 2013-01-17.
  39. ↑ Ballew, Susan J.; Dolan, L. Trent (2010). Early Carson City. Arcadia Publishing. p. 60. ISBN 978-0-7385-7158-4. Retrieved November 20, 2010.
  40. ↑ "Historic Personalities". Visitcarsoncity.com. Archived from the original on January 16, 2013. Retrieved 2013-01-17.
  41. ↑ "Duane Leroy Bliss". Carson City Convention & Visitors Bureau. Retrieved 19 September 2013.
  42. ↑ "Orion Clemens". nps.gov. Retrieved 19 September 2013.
  43. ↑ Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
  44. ↑ "Abraham Curry". Carson City Convention & Visitors Bureau. Archived from the original on September 21, 2013. Retrieved 19 September 2013.
  45. ↑ "Dat-So-La-Lee". californiabaskets.com. Retrieved 19 September 2013.
  46. ↑ "Nellie Verrill Mighels Davis". .unr.edu. Retrieved 19 September 2013.
  47. ↑ Pardington, Suzanne (July 15, 2009). "Fantasy writer David Eddings leaves Reed College $18 million". The Oregonian. Retrieved August 25, 2014.
  48. ↑ "George Washington Gale Ferris, Jr.". Carson City Convention & Visitors Bureau. Retrieved 19 September 2013.
  49. ↑ "Ellen Hopkins". Simon & Schuster. Retrieved August 25, 2014.
  50. ↑ Moreno, Richard (2011). A short history of Carson City. Reno: University of Nevada Press. pp. 128–129. ISBN 978-0874178364. Retrieved 11 September 2015.
  51. ↑ "David Lundquist". BASEBALL REFERENCE. COM. Retrieved 23 September 2013.
  52. ↑ "Maurice McLoughlin". International Tennis Hall of Fame. Archived from the original on September 20, 2013. Retrieved August 25, 2013.
  53. ↑ "Hank Monk". Carson City Convention & Visitors Bureau. Archived from the original on January 31, 2013. Retrieved 23 September 2013.
  54. ↑ Schrantz, Scott (2006-05-06). "The Two Houses of Ormsby Then and Now". Aroundcarson.com. Retrieved 2013-12-28.
  55. ↑ "Donovan Osborne". BASEBALL REFERENCE. COM. Retrieved 23 September 2013.
  56. ↑ "Darrell Rasner". BASEBALL REFERENCE. COM. Retrieved 23 September 2013.
  57. ↑ "Mark Twain (Samuel Clemens) – Carson City". Visitcarsoncity.com. Archived from the original on February 4, 2013. Retrieved 2013-01-17.
  58. ↑ "Matt Williams". BASEBALL REFERENCE. COM. Retrieved 23 September 2013.
  59. ↑ "Getting here". Carson City Convention and Visitors Bureau. Archived from the original on October 2, 2011. Retrieved August 23, 2011.
  60. ↑ Staff Writer. "Carson City Freeway". Carson City Freeway.
  61. ↑ Meeting w/Dir. Martinovich, 1:30pm on 4/19/12 at her NDOT office with Steve Waclo, Carson City.
  62. ↑ http://carson.org/residents/community-links/services/jac-jump-around-carson/about-jac
  63. ↑ Staff Writer. "Jump Around Carson". Jump Around Carson. Retrieved 2013-01-17.
  64. ↑ (PDF) http://www.rtcwashoe.com/Schedules/BusBook/INTERCITY.pdf. Retrieved 2013-12-28. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  65. ↑ Staff Writer. "Carson City Airport". Carson City Airport. Archived from the original on June 14, 2010. Retrieved March 6, 2010.
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