Biblidinae

Biblidinae
Myscelia cyaniris: Epicaliini
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Lepidoptera
(unranked):	Rhopalocera
Superfamily:	Papilionoidea
Family:	Nymphalidae
Subfamily:	Biblidinae Boisduval, 1833
Tribes
Ageroniini Biblidini Callicorini Epicaliini Epiphilini Eubagini
Synonyms
Eurytelinae

Red Rim (Biblis hyperia: Biblidini)

Byblia ilithyia

Panacea procilla specimen underside (Ageroniini)

Dynamine athemon (Eubagini)

Diaethria clymena, one of the eighty-eights formerly in "Catagramma" (now Callicorini)

Biblidinae is the name for a subfamily of nymphalid butterflies that includes the tropical brushfoots. This subfamily was sometimes merged within the Limenitidinae, but they are now recognized as quite distinct lineages. In older literature, this subfamily is sometimes called Eurytelinae.

As of 2008, some 340 valid species are in this subfamily, placed in 38 genera. Most species of Biblidinae are neotropical, but some Old World species and genera are in Biblidini and Epicaliini.

Systematics

The Biblidinae are a taxonomically stable monophyletic group, at least since the "wastebin genus" Catagramma was dismantled around 1950. Six tribes are recognized, and the monophyly of them all is likewise well supported; radical changes in taxonomy and systematics are not expected in this subfamily. The sister group to the Biblidinae is probably the Apaturinae and/or Nymphalinae.

The tribes, in the presumed phylogenetic sequence and with notable genera and some species also listed here, are:

Biblidini Boisduval, 1833

• Biblis Fabricius, 1807 (= Zonaga)
• Ariadne Horsfield, 1829 (= Ergolis)
  • Ariadne ariadne – Angled Castor
  • Ariadne merione – Common Castor
• Laringa Moore, 1901
• Eurytela Boisduval, 1833
• Neptidopsis Aurivillius, 1898
• Mesoxantha Aurivillius, 1898
• Byblia Hübner, 1819 (= Hypanis Boisduval, 1833 (non Pander in Menetries, 1832: preoccupied))
  • Byblia ilithyia – (Common) Joker
• Mestra Hübner, 1825 (= Cystineura)
• Archimestra Munroe, 1949
• Vila Kirby, 1871 (= Lonia, Neptis Hübner, 1819 (non Fabricius, 1807: preoccupied), Olina Doubleday, 1848 (non Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830: preoccupied))

Epicaliini Guenée, 1865

• Catonephele Hübner, [1819]
• Nessaea Hübner, [1819]
• Myscelia Doubleday, 1844 (= Sagaritis Hübner, 1821 (non Billberg, 1820: preoccupied), Sea)
• Sevenia Koçak, 1996 (= Crenis Boisduval, 1833 (non Hübner, 1821: preoccupied), Sallya Hemming, 1964 (non Yochelson, 1956: preoccupied))
  • Sevenia boisduvali – Boisduval's Tree Nymph
  • Sevenia morantii – Morant's Tree Nymph
  • Sevenia natalensis – Natal Tree Nymph
  • Sevenia rosa – Rosa's Tree Nymph
• Eunica Hübner, [1819]
• Cybdelis Boisduval, 1836

Ageroniini Doubleday, 1847

• Hamadryas – cracker butterflies, calico butterflies
• Ectima Doubleday, 1848
• Panacea Godman & Salvin, 1883 (= Pandora Doubleday, 1848 (non Lamarck, 1799: preoccupied))
• Batesia Felder & Felder, 1862

Epiphilini Jenkins, 1987

• Asterope Hübner, [1819]
• Pyrrhogyra Hübner, 1819 (= Corybas)
• Epiphile Doubleday, 1844
• Lucinia Hübner, 1823 (= Autodea)
• Bolboneura Godman & Salvin, 1877
• Temenis Hübner, 1819 (= Callicorina, Paromia Hewitson, 1861 (non Westwood, 1851: preoccupied))
• Nica Hübner, 1826 (= Pseudonica)
• Peria Kirby, 1871 (= Pelia Doubleday, 1849 (non Bell, 1836: preoccupied))

Eubagini Burmeister, 1878

• Dynamine Hübner, 1819 (= Arisba, Eubagis, Sironia)

Callicorini Orfila, 1952 – eighty-eights and relatives

• Diaethria Billberg, 1820
• Callicore Hübner, [1819]
• Perisama Doubleday, 1849 (= Orophila)
• Antigonis Felder, 1861 (= Lincoya)
• Haematera Doubleday, 1849 (= Callidula)
• Paulogramma Dillon, 1948
• Catacore Dillon, 1948

References

• Hill, R. I., Penz, C. M., & DeVries, P. J. (2002). Phylogenetic analysis and review of Panacea and Batesia butterflies (Nymphalidae). Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society, 56, 199-215.
• Jenkins, D. W. (1983). Neotropical Nymphalidae. I. Revision of Hamadryas. Bulletin of the Allyn Museum, 81, 1-146.
• Jenkins, D. W. (1984). Neotropical Nymphalidae. II. Revision of Myscelia. Bull. Allyn Mus. (Gainesville), 87, 1-64.
• Jenkins, D. W. (1985). Neotropical Nymphalidae. III. Revision of Catonephele. Bulletin of the Allyn Museum of Entomology, 92, 1-65.
• Jenkins, D. W. (1985). Neotropical Nymphalidae. IV. Revision of Ectima. Bull. Allyn Mus. (Gainesville), 95, 1-30.
• Jenkins, D. W. (1986). Neotropical Nymphalidae. V. Revision of Epiphile. Bull. Allyn Mus. (Gainesville), 101, 1-70.
• Jenkins, D. W. (1987). Neotropical Nymphalidae. VI. Revision of Asterope (=Callithea Auct.). Bulletin of the Allyn Museum of Entomology, 114, 1-66.
• Jenkins, D. W. (1989). Neotropical Nymphalidae. VII. Revision of Nessaea. Bull. Allyn Mus. (Gainesville), 125, 1-38.
• Jenkins, D. W. (1990). Neotropical Nymphalidae. VIII. Revision of Eunica. Bulletin of the Allyn Museum, 131, 1-177.

External links

• The higher classification of Nymphalidae, at Nymphalidae.net
• Markku Savela's Lepidoptera and some other life forms: Preliminary species list. Version of 2007-MAR-18. Retrieved 2007-MAY-30.
• Pteron Misspelt as Biblinae.Images. In Japanese but binomial names.

Media related to Biblidinae at Wikimedia Commons