Fayetteville, Arkansas

Fayetteville is the third-largest city in Arkansas and county seat of Washington County. The city is centrally located within the county and has been home of the University of Arkansas since the institution's founding in 1871. Fayetteville is on the outskirts of the Boston Mountains, deep within the Ozarks. Known as Washington until 1829, the city was named after Fayetteville, Tennessee, from which many of the settlers had come. It was incorporated on November 3, 1836 and was rechartered in 1867. The four-county Northwest Arkansas Metropolitan Statistical Area is ranked 105th in terms of population in the United States with 463,204 in 2010 according to the United States Census Bureau. The city had a population of 73,580 at the 2010 Census.^[5] At 1,400 feet of elevation, it is also one of the highest major US cites between the western Great Plains and the Appalachian Mountains.

Fayetteville is home to the University of Arkansas, the state's largest university.^[6] When classes are in session, thousands of students on campus dramatically change the city's demographics. Thousands of Arkansas Razorbacks alumni and fans travel to Fayetteville to attend football, basketball, and baseball games. The University's men's track and field program has won 41 national championships to date.^[7]^[8]^[9] Forbes ranked Fayetteville as the 18th-best city for Business and Careers in 1997.^[10]^[11] U.S. News ranked the city as the ninth best Southern city to live and one of the best places in the region to retire.^[12]^[13] Based in nearby Bentonville, the Walmart corporation has dominated Fayetteville's economy. The city hosts the Wal-Mart Shareholders Meetings each year at the Bud Walton Arena.

History

Settlement through Antebellum period

South end of Fayetteville, early 1890s.

In 1828, George McGarrah settled at Big Spring with his family on the modern day corner of Spring and Willow, founding the town of Washington, and starting work on the courthouse. On October 17, Washington County was established, Washington chosen as the county seat. The Washington Courthouse was finished in 1829, and also contained the post office. Later in the year Postmaster Larkin Newton changed the name to the Fayetteville Courthouse, to avoid confusing with Washington, Hempstead County.^[14]^[15] Two councilmen selected to name the city were from Fayetteville, Tennessee, which was itself named for Fayetteville, North Carolina (where some of its earliest residents had lived before moving to Tennessee). That original Fayetteville was named for General Lafayette, a French general who helped the colonies gain independence in the American Revolutionary War.

The first store in Fayetteville was opened by John Nye in a small building constructed by James Holmsley. In 1832 David Walker, Chief Justice of the Arkansas supreme court, built a double log cabin on what is now Center Street. In 1822 Archibald Yell, the second Governor of Arkansas, built a house and called it "Waxhaw" after his home in North Carolina. This was on the outskirts of town then but now is a street named after him that connects College and School streets. The first hotels were the Burnside House and the Onstott House. Fayetteville was incorporated as a town on November 3, 1836.

In 1859 a city charter was obtained from the Legislature. During the Civil War the municipal government was suspended and was not reinstated until 1867. P.V. Rhea was the president of the town trustees in 1836; J.W. Walker was the first mayor under the charter of 1859, and M.L. Harrison was the first mayor when the government was reorganized in 1867. The telegraph came to Fayetteville in 1860, strung along the Military Road from Jefferson City, Missouri to Little Rock.^[16]

Civil War and Reconstruction

The house that served as Union headquarters during the action at Fayetteville is operated today as a museum about the war.

During the American Civil War, the Union General Samuel Ryan Curtis occupied Fayetteville on Feb 18, 1862^[17] and the following week, the Battle of Pea Ridge took place northeast of Fayetteville. The city housed wounded soldiers from the Battle of Prairie Grove in December 1862, and housed injured troops on Dickson Street.^[18] Confederate troops besieged Union soldiers in Fayetteville on April 18, 1863 at the present-day intersection of [College Avenue (U.S. Route 71B) and Dickson Street, and at their headquarters.^[16] Union soldiers held the city against cannon fire and cavalry attacks, although their headquarters sustained damage. The building was restored and is operated as the Headquarters House, a museum of the Washington County Historical Society.^[19] Union forces repelled a Confederate attack in October 1864. After the war, the United States government established the Fayetteville National Cemetery in 1867. A cemetery for Confederate dead was founded in 1873.

Newspapers were established early; in 1859, Elias Cornelius Boudinot, a young half-Cherokee attorney, and James Pettigrew founded The Arkansan. The Fayetteville Weekly Democrat began publishing in 1868. It later developed as the Northwest Arkansas Times, and is still in print today. The Fayetteville Schools District was founded on March 20, 1871 as the first independent school district in Arkansas. The public school system was established by the Reconstruction era legislature; before the war, all education was private. Arkansas had struggled with a state banking crisis, resulting in the illegality of banking until 1868. Following the reinstatement, the Stark Bank became the first bank in the state in 1872, becoming the William McIlroy Bank four years later. This institution remains today as Arvest Bank.

Geography

...yet I venture the assertion that nowhere in said country—or for that matter, in any part of the state—could be found a lovelier elevation, or a lovelier grove of graceful oaks, or a more commanding view, or, in fine, a spot better suited and adapted for the purposes designated than the one chosen for said University [of Arkansas] site and farm.

—Noah Putnam Gates, first president of the University of Arkansas^[20]

Topography

The split between the Springfield Plateau and the Boston Mountains occurs in the center of Washington County, Arkansas very near Fayetteville. The rough, mountainous terrain south of Fayetteville is the Boston Mountains while the more-habitable Springfield Plateau contains the cities of Springdale, Bentonville and Rogers to the north.

Fayetteville is located in the Boston Mountains, a subset of The Ozarks which run through Northwest Arkansas, southern Missouri, and Eastern Oklahoma.^[21] The rocks of the Boston Mountains were formed when sandstones and shales were deposited on top of the Springfield Plateau during the Pennsylvanian Period. In the Fayetteville area, following uplift during the Ouachita orogeny, the sediments were eroded to expose the Mississippian limestone formations of the Springfield Plateau, while south of Fayetteville the remaining deeply eroded Pennsylvanian sediments form the steep Boston Mountains.

Fayetteville is also the namesake of the Fayetteville Shale, a geological formation which has recently become an epicenter for natural gas extraction by hydraulic fracturing.^[22]

Metropolitan area

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 55.2 square miles (143 km²), of which, 53.8 square miles (139 km²) of it is land and 1.4 square miles (3.6 km²) of it (2.59%) is water. The city is centrally located in Washington County, Arkansas along Interstate 49/US Route 71.^[23] This is the only fully controlled access route through the area, which replaced the winding US 71 (now US 71B) in the 1990s.^[24] An interstate connection with Fort Smith to the south and Kansas City, Missouri to the north has contributed to Fayetteville's growth. Within Washington County, Fayetteville is bordered along the north by Springdale and Johnson. At times, this transition is seamlessly urban. Fayetteville is not bordered to its south, instead opening up to scenic country along the Boston Mountains Scenic Loop.^[25] Past the rural communities of Greenland and West Fork is Devil's Den State Park.^[24] To the west is Farmington along US Route 62 and to the east is undeveloped land in rural Washington County.^[24]

The Fayetteville–Springdale–Rogers Metropolitan Area consists of three Arkansas counties: Benton, Madison, and Washington, and McDonald County, Missouri.^[26] The area had a population of 347,045 at the 2000 census which had increased to 463,204 by the 2010 Census (an increase of 33.47 per cent). Although the Metropolitan Statistical Area does not consist of the usual principal-city-with-suburbs geography, Fayetteville's adjacent communities include Elkins, Farmington Greenland, Habberton, Johnson, and Wyman.

Districts within Fayetteville

Fayetteville Experimental Station

Climate chart (explanation)

J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
2 46 26	2.4 50 29	3.5 59 38	4.1 69 47	5 76 56	4.6 84 64	3.2 89 69	2.8 89 68	4.4 81 59	3.8 70 48	4.2 59 39	2.7 48 28
Average max. and min. temperatures in °F
Precipitation totals in inches

Metric conversion
J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
51 8 −3	62 10 −2	90 15 3	103 20 8	127 24 13	117 29 18	81 32 20	70 32 20	113 27 15	97 21 9	106 15 4	69 9 −2
Average max. and min. temperatures in °C
Precipitation totals in mm

Mount Sequoyah rises above Fayetteville on the city's eastern side

Fayetteville is entirely contained within Fayetteville Township, as the township and city have identical boundaries. Although Arkansas generally does not use its civil townships for any governmental purpose, they are used for voting boundaries in some places.

Generally the parts of Fayetteville west of I-49/US 71 is called west Fayetteville. Another prominent district is Uptown Fayetteville, which encompasses the scores of business and new homes near the Northwest Arkansas Mall in north Fayetteville. The University of Arkansas defines its own part of Fayetteville, with dozens of student apartments and restaurants located near campus. The University's impact is also apparent along College Avenue, which contains hundreds of shops and restaurants. Northeast of campus are the Wilson Park Historic District and the Mount Nord Historic District. The Fayetteville Historic Square is the original city center of Fayetteville, and Dickson Street is the best-known entertainment district in Arkansas. Homes atop Mount Sequoyah in the eastern part of the city encircle Mount Sequoyah Retreat and Conference Center. Old structures are also located along the former Butterfield Overland Mail route, a stagecoach route to San Francisco, California now known as Old Wire Road. Fifteenth Street forms the southernmost residential district of Fayetteville, with the Fayetteville Industrial Park to its east.

Annexed communities

Fayetteville has annexed six unincorporated communities within its current corporate limits. Four of them are still listed as "populated places" by the USGS Board on Geographic Names. The other 2 are listed as "historical populated places." Annexations since 1870 are displayed on Fayetteville's website in the interactive maps section.^[27] Fayetteville's first annexations took place in 1946 when it incorporated Fayette Junction and McNair into the city.^[27]^[28] Baldwin was added the following year, with Barbara and Ruckers Grove being annexed in 1967. Fayetteville's most recent annexation occurred in 1982 when White Rock was added to the city limits.

Climate

Fayetteville has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa). Fayetteville experiences all four seasons and does receive cold air masses from the north, however some of the Arctic masses are blocked by the higher elevations of the Ozarks.

July is the hottest month of the year, with an average high of 89.1 °F (31.7 °C) and an average low of 68.6 °F (20.3 °C). Temperatures above 100 °F (38 °C) are rare but not uncommon, occurring on average twice a year. January is the coldest month with an average high of 44.3 °F (6.8 °C) and an average low of 24.2 °F (−4.3 °C). Highs below 32 °F (0 °C) occur on average thirteen times a year, with 2.2 nights per year dropping below 0 °F (−18 °C). The city's highest temperature was 111 °F (43.9 °C), recorded on July 14, 1954. The lowest temperature recorded was −24 °F (−31 °C), on February 12, 1899.

Precipitation is weakly seasonal, with a bimodal pattern: wet seasons in the spring and fall, and relatively drier summers and winters, but some rain in all months. The spring wet season is more pronounced than fall, with the highest rainfall in May. This differs slightly from the climate in central Arkansas, where the fall wet season is more comparable to spring.

Climate data for Fayetteville, Arkansas (1981–2010 normals, extremes 1892-present)
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Record high °F (°C)	76 (24)	86 (30)	96 (36)	96 (36)	95 (35)	104 (40)	111 (44)	109 (43)	105 (41)	96 (36)	90 (32)	78 (26)	111 (44)
Average high °F (°C)	46.4 (8)	51.0 (10.6)	59.2 (15.1)	68.8 (20.4)	75.9 (24.4)	83.6 (28.7)	88.8 (31.6)	89.2 (31.8)	81.2 (27.3)	70.4 (21.3)	59.0 (15)	48.4 (9.1)	68.6 (20.3)
Daily mean °F (°C)	36.3 (2.4)	40.4 (4.7)	48.5 (9.2)	57.8 (14.3)	65.8 (18.8)	74.1 (23.4)	79.0 (26.1)	78.5 (25.8)	70.2 (21.2)	58.9 (14.9)	48.6 (9.2)	38.6 (3.7)	58.2 (14.6)
Average low °F (°C)	26.3 (−3.2)	29.7 (−1.3)	37.8 (3.2)	46.9 (8.3)	55.8 (13.2)	64.6 (18.1)	69.2 (20.7)	67.8 (19.9)	59.2 (15.1)	47.4 (8.6)	38.2 (3.4)	28.8 (−1.8)	47.7 (8.7)
Record low °F (°C)	−23 (−31)	−24 (−31)	−11 (−24)	18 (−8)	28 (−2)	41 (5)	48 (9)	44 (7)	29 (−2)	17 (−8)	5 (−15)	−12 (−24)	−24 (−31)
Average precipitation inches (mm)	2.55 (64.8)	2.39 (60.7)	4.02 (102.1)	4.30 (109.2)	5.20 (132.1)	4.77 (121.2)	3.22 (81.8)	3.05 (77.5)	4.56 (115.8)	4.10 (104.1)	4.33 (110)	3.04 (77.2)	45.53 (1,156.5)
Average snowfall inches (cm)	2.8 (7.1)	2.6 (6.6)	1.1 (2.8)	0.1 (0.3)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0.6 (1.5)	1.4 (3.6)	8.6 (21.8)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in)	6.5	7.6	9.1	9.2	12.4	9.4	7.5	7.0	8.5	8.5	7.5	7.5	105.4
Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in)	0.8	1.1	0.1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0.1	0.4	2.6
Source #1: NOAA^[29]
Source #2: The Weather Channel^[30]

Demographics

Historical population
Census	Pop.		%±
1840	425		—
1850	598		40.7%
1860	972		62.5%
1870	955		−1.7%
1880	1,788		87.2%
1890	2,942		64.5%
1900	4,061		38.0%
1910	4,471		10.1%
1920	5,362		19.9%
1930	7,394		37.9%
1940	8,212		11.1%
1950	17,071		107.9%
1960	20,274		18.8%
1970	30,729		51.6%
1980	36,608		19.1%
1990	42,099		15.0%
2000	58,047		37.9%
2010	73,580		26.8%
Est. 2015	82,830	^[31]	12.6%
U.S. Decennial Census^[32] 2014 Estimate^[33]

Racial composition	2010^[34]^[35]	2000^[34]^[36]	1990^[37]	1980^[38]^[39]	1970^[40]
White	83.8%	86.5%	93.92%	93.13%	97.46%
—Non-Hispanic	80.7%	84.1%	93.19%	92.24%	—^{[lower-alpha 1]}
Black or African American	6.0%	5.1%	3.18%	3.75%^{[lower-alpha 2]}	1.94%
Hispanic or Latino (of any race)	6.42%	4.9%	1.10%	1.46%	—^{[lower-alpha 1]}
Asian	3.08%	3.1%	1.50%	1.56%	—^{[lower-alpha 1]}
Other race or multiracial	5.86%	4.38%	0.34%	0.42%	0.61%

Fayetteville is the third most populated city in Arkansas.^[42] In the 2010 census, Fayetteville had a population of 73,580 and grew by 26.8 percent from the year 2000.^[43]

As of the census of 2010, there were 73,580 people, 33,661 households, and 14,574 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,333.0 people per square mile (514.0/km²). There were 38,281 housing units at an average density of 693.5 per square mile (267.4/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 89.8% White, 4.0% Black or African American, 0.8% Native American, 1.1% Asian, 0.2% Pacific Islander, 2.8% from other races, and 3.1% from two or more races. 6.4% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

While Arkansas as a whole is rated yearly as a state with a poor educational system, Fayetteville was the third best educated city in Arkansas (after Maumelle) in the 2010 Census, proportionately, with 40.5% of adults age 25 or older holding an associate degree or higher, and 24.6% of adults possessing a bachelor's degree or higher.

There were 33,661 households out of which 19.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 31.4% were married couples living together, 7.1% had a female householder with no spouse present, and 58.7% were non-families. 45.2% of all households were made up of individuals and 7.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.04 and the average family size was 3.02.

In the city the population was spread out with 16.9% under the age of 18, 23.6% from 18 to 24, 31.5% from 25 to 44, 19.3% from 45 to 64, and 8.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 27.8 years. For every 100 females there were 100.9 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $31,393, and the median income for a family was $62,258. Males had a median income of $46,004 versus $31,373 for females, indicating a huge income disparity. The per capita income for the city was $26,267. 37.7% of the population and 19.9% of families were below the poverty line. Out of the total population, 16.0% of those under the age of 18 and 5.3% of those 65 and older were living below the poverty line.^[43]

69.6% of Fayetteville's population describes themselves as religious, above the national average of 48.34%.^[44] 50.8% of people in Fayetteville who describe themselves as having a religion are Baptist (37.22% of the city's total population). 15.5% of people holding a religion are Catholic (7.7% of the city's total population). There are also higher proportions of Methodists and Pentecostals above the national average.^[44]

Economy

Top Employers^[45]
2010 Rank	Employer	2001 Rank
1	University of Arkansas	1
2	Washington Regional Medical Center	3
3	Veterans Administration Medical	5
4	Washington County Government	7
5	Fayetteville School District	4
6	Superior Industries	2
7	City of Fayetteville	6
8	Arvest Bank	9
9	Ayrshire Electronics	10
10	Arkansas Western Gas	8

Culture, contemporary life, and points of interest

Downtown Fayetteville as seen from Old Main Lawn

University of Arkansas

Old Main is the most recognizable image of the University of Arkansas and focal point of the University of Arkansas Campus Historic District.

The university's oldest tradition, Senior Walk contains the names of over 120,000 alumni

The University of Arkansas is Fayetteville's biggest attraction, with influence in the social, economic and educational aspects of Fayetteville.^[57] The flagship university in the state, the U of A has become integrated with Fayetteville and vice versa. Currently ranked #194th out of the eligible 276 U.S. universities in quality of education, the University of Arkansas Campus Historic District listed on the National Register of Historic Places contains 71 acres (29 ha) and 25 buildings within a park-like arboretum.^[57] In autumn, hundreds of parents travel to Fayetteville to help their children move into the various residence halls and apartments in the area, with thousands more attending Razorback football home games. Fans return for basketball games to pack Bud Walton Arena, which was the fifth-largest on-campus arena upon completion.^[58] In spring the Hogs baseball team can be seen in Baum Stadium, named one of the top college baseball facilities in the South by Rivals.com in 2010 due to the use of a large donation by the Walton family.^[59] No matter the season alumni and visitors are drawn to wander the campus in search of special names on Senior Walk, which is a 5-mile (8.0 km) sidewalk record of every graduate from the University of Arkansas.

Dickson Street

Looking down Dickson Street, the primary entertainment district in Fayetteville.

Main articles: Dickson Street and Walton Arts Center

Dickson Street is the primary entertainment district in the region, including musical and stage performances, shopping, bars and restaurants. The West Dickson Street Commercial Historic District includes several blocks along its namesake street as well as a few blocks of West Avenue lined with unique shops, restaurants and bars. Adjacent to the University of Arkansas campus, several of Dickson Street's establishments cater to students. The district has been enjoying a rejuvenation began in the 1980s by Dickson Street merchants who had watched the street turn into a dilapidated, crime-filled area. Many businesses had relocated onto College Avenue, leaving Dickson Street empty and in disrepair. The improvements lured the Walton Arts Center, today Arkansas' premier center for arts and entertainment, to locate on Dickson Street, a decision that proved beneficial to both parties.^[60]

The center is the result of a joint effort between the City of Fayetteville and the University of Arkansas to bring arts to the city. The center is located on Dickson Street halfway between the University and the town square. It currently features a full Broadway theatre season, arts camps, continuing education opportunities for teachers of the arts, University-sponsored performances in addition to serving as a host for community events. A considerable donation from the namesake Walton family assisted greatly in the construction of the building.

TheatreSquared, Northwest Arkansas's only year-round professional regional theatre, is located just off Dickson Street, with an annual audience of 11,000 patrons including 3,500 students reached through outreach programs. The theatre was recognized in 2006 by the American Theatre Wing as one of the nation's twenty most promising emerging theatres.^[61]

Bikes Blues and BBQ (BBBQ) has taken place annually on Dickson Street since its inception in 2000. The motorcycle rally benefits local charities and is scheduled for a fall weekend when the Razorbacks football team is not playing in Fayetteville. Although scheduled for four days, motorcycle enthusiasts will often come early and stay late, unofficially extending BBB into a weeklong event. During the event, motorcycles will form an impromptu parade down Dickson Street for onlookers. Musical performances and many other unofficial events also accompany BBB each year.

Fayetteville Square

Fayetteville farmers' market on the Fayetteville Historic Square.

The Fayetteville Historic Square has been the center of Fayetteville since the county's first courthouse was located there in 1829. The area is surrounded by wide sidewalks, landscaped gardens, and one-way streets. The Square plays host to a variety of events, including First Thursday on the Square, the Block Street Block Party, the Lights of the Ozarks Festival, Last Night Fayetteville,^[62] and Fayetteville Farmer's Market. Containing boutiques, restaurants, music venues, museums, condos, the visitor center, and a convention center, the Square is constituted of both historic structures and new constructions.

The farmers' market began in 1974 and runs 7am to 1pm from the first Saturday in April through the last Saturday before Thanksgiving set in the Fayetteville Historic Square.^[63] Over 60 vendors provide locally grown fruits and vegetables in addition to crafts, flower bouquets, music and art, making the Fayetteville Farmers' Market very diverse. Upon receiving a grant in 2011, the Fayetteville Farmers' Market now accepts Electronic Benefit Transfer (EBT) and food stamps.^[64] The market has been praised by the Farmers Market Coalition for its formatting which allows farmers to interact directly with customers and also empowering each vendor with a vote before making major changes in market policy.^[64] The farmers' market moves to the Botanical Garden of the Ozarks for Sunday mornings with 20-30 vendors, with some vendors also choosing to attend the Mill District Farmer's Market on Thursday evenings.

The Fayetteville Public Library, founded in 1916, was relocated in October 2004 into a $23 million building, which was the first "green" building in Arkansas. The Blair Library was awarded the 2005 Thomson Gale Library Journal Honorable Mention Library of the Year award, and, as a testament to its popularity, has seen its popularity increase, with twice as many items checked out in 2005 than in 1997.^[65] The library includes a local coffeeshop, Arsaga's, and hosts several events, including film festivals, book signings, and public forums throughout the year.

Historic districts and properties

The Pritchard House, built in 1900, located in the Mount Nord Historic District

Fayetteville contains 40 listings on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP), the official federal list of districts, sites, buildings, structures, and objects deemed worthy of preservation. The University of Arkansas Campus Historic District constitutes the historic core of the UA campus. Residential historic districts with historically and architecturally significant contributions to Fayetteville include the Mount Nord Historic District, Washington-Willow Historic District, and Wilson Park Historic District. The Square is anchored by five NRHP structures; the original Fayetteville post office built in 1911, the Old Bank of Fayetteville Building, the Lewis Brothers Building constructed in 1908, the Mrs. Young Building built in 1887, and the Guisinger Building. The former Washington County Courthouse and Old Washington County Jail are located one block east of the Square.

The Headquarters House served as a command post in the city for both the Union and Confederacy during the Civil War, and today serves as a museum. The Fayetteville National Cemetery is also listed on the NRHP. Built in 1867 following the Civil War, the cemetery has been expanded from its original 1,800 interments to over 7,000 interments.

Fayetteville was the first home of Bill and Hillary Clinton while they both taught law at the University of Arkansas School of Law. The house where they were married and lived is now the Clinton House Museum highlighting his early political life and features campaign memorabilia, a replica of Hillary's wedding dress, a photo gallery, and footage from his early campaign commercials.^[66]

Parks and trail system

Wilson Park Castle

Lake Fayetteville Trail bridge near the spillway

The Fayetteville Parks and Recreation Department maintains 70 parks whose total land area makes up 3,129 acres (1,266 ha).^[67] The National Wildlife Federation has listed many parks and trails in Fayetteville as Certified Wildlife Habitats, which provide food, water, shelter, and a nurturing environment for young wildlife.^[68] A favorite park in Fayetteville is Wilson Park, which anchors the Wilson Park Historic District.^[69] The park was the city's first, and today contains a swimming pool, two playgrounds, a baseball field, picnic areas, and a 1981 castle in addition to courts for volleyball, basketball and tennis. The National Register of Historic Places-listed historic district encompasses 47 homes constructed in the late 19th and early 20th century along the southern edge of the park.^[70]

A new addition to the Fayetteville parks scene is the Botanical Garden of the Ozarks. First envisioned in 1993, the Botanical Garden Society of the Ozarks raised funds for the facility until beginning construction in 2003. Planned to be built in three stages, the first stage has been completed and includes a visitor center, cafe, and garden gateway. Stage one also includes ⅓ of the total planned gardens and ¹⁄₂ the maintenance facilities.

Fayetteville takes pride in its trail system, and has been named a Bicycle Friendly Community by the League of American Bicyclists since 2010.^[71]^[72] Trails in Fayetteville are well-marked with signs along the route in addition to road crossings. The city maintains trails within the city limits and segments of inter-city trails such as the Razorback Regional Greenway. The Razorback Greenway is a 36-mile (58 km), primarily off-road, shared-use trail that connects Fayetteville with Bella Vista via Johnson, Springdale, Lowell, Bentonville, and Rogers.^[73]

The Fayetteville trail system is anchored by the Scull Creek Trail, a north–south paved trail which is 3.93 miles (6.32 km) in length and 12 feet (3.7 m) wide.^[74] It crosses the namesake creek six times on arching steel bridges and also uses a 650-foot (200 m) tunnel, at one time the only pedestrian tunnel in Arkansas.^[75] A trail of 3.7 miles (6.0 km) named the Dickson Street/U of A loop links around the campus of the University of Arkansas and ends at the corner of Dickson Street and College Avenue.^[75] The Fayetteville Master Plan includes provisions for over 100 miles (160 km) of multi-use trails in the city. Approximately 2 to 3 miles (3.2 to 4.8 km) are added to the system per year.^[76]

Government and politics

Washington County bought the First South Centre in 1994, and it became the Washington County Courthouse, replacing the previous structure, a 1905 construction.

Mayor–city council

Fayetteville operates within the mayor-city council form of government. The mayor is elected by a city-wide election to serve as the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of the city by presiding over all city functions, policies, rules and laws. Once elected, the mayor also allocates duties to city employees. The Fayetteville mayoral election in coincidence with the election of the President of the United States. Mayors serve four-year terms and can serve unlimited terms.^[77] The city council is the unicameral legislative of the City, consisting of eight aldermen. Also included in the council's duties is balancing the city's budget and passing ordinances. The body also controls the representatives of specialized city commissions underneath their jurisdiction. Two aldermen are elected from each of the city's four wards.^[78]

Citizen boards, commissions, and committees

Citizen input is welcomed through the use of various specialized groups. Although some positions are appointed by the mayor, many consist of volunteers. Requirements include the applicant is a resident of Fayetteville and submission of an application in order to gain access to any of Fayetteville's 28 city boards. These range from appointed positions at the Northwest Arkansas Regional Planning Commission to the Fayetteville Arts Council to the Fayetteville Public Library Board of Trustees to the Historic District Commission and the Tree and Landscape Advisory Committee.^[79]

Judicial system

The Fayetteville District Court is located at 176 S Church Avenue in downtown Fayetteville, and is presided over by the District Judge, who is elected in a citywide election. The court handles criminal, civil, small claims, and traffic matters within the city limits. Beyond city court, Fayetteville is under the jurisdiction of the Fayetteville Department of Washington County District Court. Currently, the Washington County District Court is a Local District Court, meaning it is presided over by part-time judges who may privately practice law.^[80] The court will become a State District Court, meaning it will be presided over by a full-time judge in 2017.^[81] Superseding that jurisdiction is the 4th Judicial Circuit Court, which covers Washington and Madison counties. The Circuit Court contains seven circuit judges.^[82]

Politics

The current mayor is Lioneld Jordan, first elected in 2008 and reelected in 2012. Prior to entering government, Jordan worked in the Facilities Management Department at the University of Arkansas for 27 years.^[83]

The current state representatives that serve districts containing portions of Fayetteville are Rep. Greg Leding,^[84] Rep. David Whitaker,^[85] Rep. Charlie Collins.^[86] The current state senators that serve districts containing portions of Fayetteville are Sen. Uvalde Lindsey and Sen. Jon Woods.^[87]^[88]

Education

Vol Walker Hall on the University of Arkansas campus

Fayetteville is served by the Fayetteville Public Schools system, which consists of eight elementary schools, four intermediate schools, two special schools, and Fayetteville High School. The district was established in 1871 as the oldest school district in Arkansas. Fayetteville High School has been recognized by Newsweek as one of America's top 250 high schools based on Advanced Placement (AP) courses as well as AP test scores.^[89] The school's student literary magazine and athletics programs have also received national praise.^[90]

Fayetteville is also home of public charter school Haas Hall Academy, independent of the Fayetteville Public School system. Although Haas Hall Academy is located in Fayetteville, the school serves students across Arkansas. Haas Hall was established in 2004 as the first open-enrollment public charter high school in Arkansas.^[91] The school has been recognized by Newsweek as the best school in Arkansas and 17th best school in the nation.^[92]

The University of Arkansas was founded in Fayetteville in 1871 as Arkansas Industrial University.^[93] The land-grant/space-grant, high-activity research institution is the flagship campus of the University of Arkansas System.^[94] Enrollment for the 2010 fall semester was 21,406 total students.^[95] Approximately 84% are Arkansas natives, with about 2% being international students due to the general lack of diversity in the region.^[96] Although it offers over 200 degree choices (excluding doctorate fields), the university is noted for its above average architecture, history, creative writing, poultry science, and business programs. Because of the University of Arkansas' large presence in many aspects of the city's economy, culture, and lifestyle, Fayetteville is often portrayed as a college town with elements of dominance by the Walmart Corporation.^[97]

Sports

Donald W. Reynolds Razorback Stadium, home of the Arkansas Razorbacks football team, with The Ozarks visible beyond.

Fayetteville does not host any professional sports teams, allowing the Arkansas Razorbacks to control the sports scene. The Razorbacks (sometimes referred to as Hogs) are frequently referred to as "The State of Arkansas's Professional Team".^[98] The Razorbacks compete in the National Collegiate Athletic Association's Division I and the Southeastern Conference.^[99]

Donald W. Reynolds Razorback Stadium plays host to the Arkansas Razorbacks football team, usually hosting 6–7 home football games each season. One game is scheduled yearly at War Memorial Stadium in Little Rock, Arkansas, although there has been discussion of moving these games to Fayetteville in recent years. Some major high school football games in the state are played in Razorback Stadium as well. Bud Walton Arena is home to the Arkansas men's and women's basketball teams. This facility was built in 1993 and holds a capacity of 19,368. Arkansas volleyball plays in Barnhill Arena in addition to the Razorbacks gymnastics team, also on the campus of the University of Arkansas. The Arkansas Razorbacks baseball team plays in Baum Stadium at George Cole Field, one of the nation's top 25 college baseball facilities.^[59] Softball plays in the newly built Bogle Park on campus.

Due to the success of Arkansas's track and cross country teams, Fayetteville is sometimes called the "Track Capital of the South".^[100] The city has hosted the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I Indoor Track and Field Championships at the Randal Tyson Track Center, one of the world's fastest surfaces. Arkansas also has hosted the Outdoor Track and Field Championships track facility at John McDonnell Field, named the "Top Outdoor Track and Field Facility of the Year" by the American Sports Builders Association in 2002.

The Blessings golf course is a golf course located along Clear Creek in Fayetteville designed by Robert Trent Jones, Jr., it is said to be one of the most difficult and strangely designed golf courses in the U.S. The course is home to the University of Arkansas Razorbacks golf teams.

The Northwest Arkansas Naturals Baseball Club are the (AA) minor league affiliate of the Kansas City Royals Baseball Club in Major League Baseball. The club plays at Arvest Ballpark, located in nearby Springdale.

Media

The Fayetteville market is defined as Washington and Benton Counties and is also called the Northwest Arkansas market by Arbitron.^[101] This two-county area was ranked 127th in the nation with a listening/viewing population (age 12+) of 356,900 as of Spring 2011.^[102]

Radio

Two stations are operated by the University of Arkansas, KXUA 88.3 FM, which is the student-run station and KUAF, 91.3 FM, a national public radio (NPR) station. Cumulus Media owns seven stations in the Northwest Arkansas market, KFAY 1030 AM (news talk), KYNG 1590 AM, KQSM-FM 92.1 FM (ESPN Radio), KAMO-FM 94.3 FM (classic country music), KRMW 94.9 FM, KKEG 98.3 FM (classic rock), and KMCK-FM 105.7 FM (Top 40). IHeartMedia owns four radio stations in the area, including KIGL 93.3 FM (classic rock), KMXF 101.9 FM (Top 40), KKIX 103.9 FM (country music) and KEZA 107.9 FM (adult contemporary). Hog Radio, Inc. owns three radio stations in the area, including KAKS 99.5 FM (an ESPN Radio affiliate), KFMD-FM 101.5 (Classic hits), and KCYT 96.7 FM (country music). Butler Communications owns KXNA 104.9 FM (new rock), KREB 1190 AM, and KFFK 1930 AM. Kerm, Inc. operates two News Talk Information stations: KURM 790 AM and KLTK 1140 AM. KSEC 95.7 broadcasts in the Mexican Regional format and KFFK 1390 AM of Butler Communications broadcasts in the Spanish News/Talk format. Religious stations include KAYH 89.3 FM, KBNV 90.1 FM, and KLRC 90.9 FM. All sports radio station KUOA 1290 AM is rebroadcast on 105.3 in Fayetteville and features Arkansas Razorbacks coverage. KISR 95.9 FM is translated to Fayetteville from Fort Smith. Smaller operations include KOFC 1250 AM (news talk information) and KBVA 106.5 FM (variety).

Local TV stations

Fayetteville is part of the Fort Smith/Fayetteville television market, which is currently the 101st largest in the country. Stations include, but are not limited to:

KAFT (AETN) 13 - PBS
KFSM 5 - CBS
KFTA 24 - Fox
KHOG 29 - ABC / The CW
KNWA 51 - NBC
KXNW 34 - MyNetworkTV

Local newspapers

Local online media

Infrastructure

Transportation

Interstate 49 is concurrent with U.S. Route 71 in Fayetteville.

Major highways

The major through route in Fayetteville is Interstate 49/US 71. This fully controlled access, four-lane expressway is a discontinuous piece of a route ultimately planned to connect Kansas City, Missouri to New Orleans, Louisiana. Formerly designated as Interstate 540 with the re-designation as Interstate 49 being granted by the U S Department of Transportation Federal Highway Administration on March 28, 2014,^[103] the highway became the first freeway in the area when it was completed in the 1990s to relieve the former US 71 (now US 71B) of a much-increased demand of through travelers following the unanticipated and rapid growth of the Northwest Arkansas metro. Future plans for the I-49 corridor include completion of a freeway segment through Western Arkansas to Texarkana and completion of a Bella Vista Bypass to the north.

Other major north–south routes in Fayetteville include US 71B, which was the predecessor to I-49/US 71. This route is now mostly designated College Avenue in Fayetteville and features dozens of restaurants and stores, with many aimed at the University of Arkansas student demographic. To the east of College Avenue is the oldest road in Fayetteville, Arkansas Highway 265. This route first was used by Native Americans as the Great Osage Trail, followed by Civil War troops bound for Fort Smith, Arkansas, the Trail of Tears, the Butterfield Overland Mail stagecoach route, and later still the telegraph. To the west of College Avenue is Gregg Avenue, which contains many student-oriented apartments along its shoulders and further west is Garland Avenue. This route runs along the campus of the University of Arkansas in south Fayetteville, with apartments and duplexes along its northern routing.

Public transportation

The city of Fayetteville has two major providers of public transportation. Razorback Transit is a free bus system centered on the campus of the University of Arkansas with routes to other Fayetteville destinations such as Dickson Street or the Northwest Arkansas Mall. Ozark Regional Transit runs throughout both Washington and Benton Counties and is a broader bus-based regional transit system.

Aviation

Drake Field, formerly Fayetteville Municipal Airport, is owned by the city and serves general aviation. The nearest airport for commercial flights is Northwest Arkansas Regional Airport (XNA), located 17 miles northwest of the city, which opened in 1998.

Utilities

City crew flushing a fire hydrant in Uptown Fayetteville

The City of Fayetteville owns and operates a large water system that provides services to several municipalities and unincorporated areas in the northern half of Washington County in addition to Fayetteville residents. Drinking water is pumped in from the Beaver Water District treatment plant in Lowell.^[104] The city uses 16 million US gallons (61 ML) of water per day on average.^[105]

Wastewater

Fayetteville owns its own wastewater operation, including a network of pipes and lift stations which convey wastewater to the city's two wastewater treatment plants. Both plants are operated by CH2M and regulated by the Arkansas Department of Environmental Quality (ADEQ). Historically, all sewage was sent to the Paul R. Noland Wastewater Treatment Plant (Noland WWTP) on the east side of town. However, development on the city's west side as well as the expense of pumping wastewater over East Mountain led the city to build the West Side WWTP in 2008. In addition to these two facilities, Fayetteville also operates 39 lift stations to pump wastewater over steep elevation rises in order to utilize gravity flow toward the WWTPs. Fayetteville also maintains a biosolids management program, in which biosolids, a byproduct of wastewater treatment, are land applied to provide nutrients to soil on which crops are grown.

Fayetteville's first wastewater treatment came in 1913 in the form of an Imhoff tank on the West Fork of the White River.^[106] This facility was improved several times throughout the years until the construction of the City of Fayetteville Water Pollution Control Facility downstream of Lake Sequoyah. This plant was built in 1968 and has since seen major upgrades and expansion. Now known as the Noland WWTP, it is designed for a flow rate of 12.6 million US gallons (48 ML) per day.^[107] The West Side WWTP has a design flow of 10 million US gallons (38 ML) per day^[108] with a peak flow capacity of 32 million US gallons (120 ML) per day during wet weather.

The city's biosolids program was conceived after concerns about the costs and sustainability of landfill dumping arose. Fayetteville initiated a land application program on a farm site near the Noland plant that allowed the city to apply biosolids and subsequently grow and harvest hay. In 2010, solar energy became the main component of the solids dewatering process following the installation of six solar dryers.^[109] From this program, the city gains additional revenue from the sale of hay and fertilizer (Class A biosolids).^[110]

Notes

1 2 3 The 1970 U.S. Census did not record Hispanic American or Asian American. The race selections on the census were truncated, so other race would be the default.^[41]
↑ The 1980 U.S. Census referred to the "Black or African American" as a truncated "Black".

References

Footnotes

↑ "#28 Fayetteville, AR". Best Places For Business And Careers. Forbes. 2013. Retrieved July 23, 2011.
↑ Bartholomew, Dustin (November 9, 2009). "Does Fayetteville really need a nickname?". Fayetteville Flyer. Retrieved July 18, 2013.
↑ "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2014-12-02.
↑ "Population Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2014-12-02.
↑ Stewart, Charles W. (March 1, 2012). "Fayetteville (Washington County)". Encyclopedia of Arkansas History and Culture. Butler Center for Arkansas Studies at the Central Arkansas Library System. Retrieved July 20, 2013.
↑ "Comprehensive Arkansas Higher Education Annual Report" (PDF). Arkansas Department of Higher Education. December 1, 2011. Retrieved July 20, 2013.
↑ "Men's Indoor Track and Field Championship History". National Collegiate Athletics Association (NCAA). Retrieved July 20, 2013.
↑ "Men's Outdoor Track and Field Championship History". NCAA. Retrieved July 20, 2013.
↑ "Men's Cross Country Championship History". NCAA. Retrieved July 20, 2013.
↑ Burke, Monte (2010). "In Depth: Top College Sports Towns". Forbes. Retrieved July 24, 2011.
↑ "Best Places For Business And Careers". Forbes. 2007-04-05. Retrieved 2007-07-31.
↑ "Fayetteville Is One of the Best Places to Live in America". realestate.usnews.com. Retrieved 2016-06-01.
↑ Lagesse, David (September 20, 2007). "Best Places to Retire: Fayetteville, Arkansas". U.S. News. Retrieved July 30, 2011.
↑ Adison, Charlie. "Timeline — 1820s". Fayetteville History. Archived from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 25 August 2016. Because of confusion arising from another Arkansas town in Hempstead County already being named Washington, the postmaster general orders Washington Courthouse to be renamed.
↑ Deane, Ernie (1986). Arkansas Place Names. Branson, Missouri: The Ozarks Mountaineer. p. 83. OCLC 14961821.
1 2 Adison, Charlie. "Timeline — 1860s". fayettevillehistory.org. Archived from the original on 9 February 2009. Retrieved 25 August 2016. First telegraph line is strung by the Stebbins Telegraph Co. from Jefferson City along the old military road, through Fayetteville and into Fort Smith.
↑ Appletons' annual cyclopaedia and register of important events of the year: 1862. New York: D. Appleton & Company. 1863. p. 451.
↑ Wappel, Anthony J; Simpson, Ethel C (2008). Once Upon Dickson, An Illustrated History, 1868–2000 (Hardback book)|format= requires |url= (help) (First ed.). Fayetteville, AR: Phoenix International. p. 85. ISBN 978-0-9768007-7-4.
↑ "National Register of Historic Places". Little Rock, Arkansas: Arkansas Historical Preservation Program. Retrieved June 8, 2013.
↑ First Report of The Arkansas Industrial University. August 1873. p. 43.
↑ Branner, George C. (1984) [1940]. "Mineral Resources of Benton, Carroll, Madison, and Washington Counties". County Mineral Report 2. Little Rock, Arkansas: Arkansas State Geologist: 2.
↑ "Fayetteville Shale: Map, News, Video". geology.com. Retrieved July 24, 2011.
↑ "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". United States Census Bureau. 2011-02-12. Retrieved 2011-04-23.
1 2 3 General Highway Map, Washington County, Arkansas (PDF) (Map). Cartography by Planning and Research Division. Arkansas State Highway and Transportation Department. December 22, 2011. Retrieved January 13, 2013.
↑ Cox, Dale. "Boston Mountains Scenic Loop - Boston Mountains, Arkansas". Explore Southern History. Retrieved January 13, 2013.
↑ "Update of Statistical Area Definitions and Guidance on Their Uses" (PDF). Executive office of the President Office of Management and Budget. December 1, 2009. p. 32. Retrieved January 13, 2013.
1 2 "Land Records". gis.fayetteville-ar.gov. Retrieved 24 August 2016.
↑ "McNair, Fayetteville, Fayetteville Township, Washington County, Arkansas, United States - Overview - Histopolis". www.histopolis.com. 12 January 2016. Retrieved 24 August 2016.
↑ "NowData - NOAA Online Weather Data". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 2012-02-15.
↑ "Monthly Averages for Fayetteville, AR (72703)" (Table). The Weather Channel. Retrieved 2011-11-20.
↑ "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Incorporated Places: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2015". Retrieved July 2, 2016.
↑ "Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. Archived from the original on May 11, 2015. Retrieved June 4, 2015.
↑ "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Incorporated Places: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2014". Retrieved June 26, 2016.
1 2 "Fayetteville, AR Population - Census 2010 and 2000 Interactive Map, Demographics, Statistics, Quick Facts - CensusViewer". censusviewer.com. Archived from the original on 20 April 2015. Retrieved 25 August 2016.
↑ "Population estimates, July 1, 2015, (V2015)". census.gov. U.S. Department of Commerce. Retrieved 25 August 2016.
↑ "Profile of General Demographic Characteristics: 2000 more information Census 2000 Summary". census.gov. U.S. Department of Commerce. Retrieved 25 August 2016.
↑ "1990 Census" (PDF). census.gov. U.S. Department of Commerce: Economics and Statistics administration. 17 June 1992. p. 20. Retrieved 25 August 2016.
↑ "1980 Census" (PDF). census.gov. U.S. Department of Commerce. p. 23. Retrieved 25 August 2016.
↑ "1990 Census of Population and Housing" (PDF). iea.ular.edu. UALR Institute for Economic Advancement. p. 1. Retrieved 25 August 2016.
↑ "1970 Census" (PDF). census.gov. U.S. Department of Commerce. pp. 5–81. Retrieved 25 August 2016.
↑ Cohn, D’Vera (21 January 2010). "Race and the Census: The "Negro" Controversy". Pew Research Center’s Social & Demographic Trends Project. Archived from the original on 4 June 2016. Retrieved 25 August 2016. The data item is called “Color or race” with categories for “White, Negro, American Indian, Japanese, Chinese, Filipino, Hawaiian, Part Hawaiian, Aleut, Eskimo, (etc.)”
↑ "Biggest Cities Arkansas, United States". www.geonames.org. GeoNames. Retrieved 25 August 2016.
1 2 "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2011-05-14.
1 2 Religion in Fayetteville, Arkansas
↑ "Comprehensive Annual Financial Report for the Year Ended December 31, 2010" (PDF). City of Fayetteville, Arkansas. 2010. p. 120. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 1, 2011. Retrieved July 30, 2011.
↑ "Fortune 500". Forbes. 2013. Retrieved May 26, 2013.
↑ "Poultry Science Program Overview". Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences. Retrieved July 30, 2011.
↑ "Securities and Exchange Commission Form 8-K, Current Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934". J. B. Hunt Transport Services, Inc. October 13, 2005. Missing or empty |url= (help)
↑ "Search result for Very High Research Institutions". Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching. Retrieved July 30, 2011.
↑ "University of Arkansas Elevated to Highest Carnegie Classification Among U.S. Universities and Colleges". University of Arkansas. Retrieved July 30, 2011.
↑ "Slide Show: The Best Places For Business And Careers". Forbes.
↑ Arnold et al 2002, p. 104.
↑ Lancaster, Guy (June 7, 2013). "Arkansas's Regional Identity". Retrieved August 18, 2013.
↑ Kelso, Stirling. "The South's Best College Towns". Southern Living. Retrieved August 18, 2013.
↑ Burke, Monte. "7. Fayetteville, Ark. University of Arkansas". Top College Sports Towns. Forbes. Missing or empty |url= (help)
↑ "State of Origin". Enrollment Report. University of Arkansas Office of Institutional Research. 2012. Retrieved August 18, 2013.
1 2 Bennett, Glen; Yallop, Rob; Wilcox, Ralph S. (May 20, 2009). "National Register of Historic Places Registration: University of Arkansas Campus Historic District" (PDF). National Park Service. p. 26. Retrieved 2001-08-18.
↑ Richardson, Steve (December 15, 1993). "New arena perfect backdrop for No. 1 Arkansas". Dallas Morning News.
1 2 Rogers, Kendall (October 28, 2008). "Rivals 10: College Baseball's Best Stadiums". Rivals.com. Retrieved January 25, 2012.
↑ "Walton Arts Center: Mission and History". Walton Arts Center. Retrieved July 23, 2011.
↑ "American Theatre Wing Recognizes 2011 National Theatre Company Grant Winners". TheaterManie. Retrieved February 12, 2012.
↑ "Last Night Fayetteville". Last Night Fayetteville. Retrieved 2013-11-26.
↑ "Fayetteville Square Farmers Market". Local Harvest. June 10, 2010. Retrieved August 6, 2011.
1 2 "FMC Highlights Fayetteville Farmers Market". Fermers Market Coalition. August 4, 2011. Retrieved August 6, 2011.
↑ "Fayetteville Public Library: History". Fayetteville Public Library. 2007. Retrieved 2007-07-31.
↑ "Clinton House Museum". Retrieved July 3, 2011.
↑ Map of Fayetteville Parks (PDF) (Map). Fayetteville Parks and Recreation Department. Retrieved August 2, 2011.
↑ "Certify Your Wildlife Garden". National Wildlife Federation. Retrieved August 2, 2011.
↑ "Wilson Park". City of Fayetteville. Retrieved August 2, 2011.
↑ "Wilson Park and Mount Nord Historic Districts" (PDF). City of Fayetteville, Arkansas. Retrieved August 2, 2011.
↑ Spencer, Christopher. "Fayetteville designated as a bicycle friendly community (Community Announcement)". Ozarks Unbound. Retrieved July 24, 2011.
↑ "Current Bicycle Friendly Communities" (PDF). League of American Bicyclists. May 2011. Retrieved July 24, 2011.
↑ "Northwest Arkansas Razorback Regional Greenway" (PDF). Northwest Arkansas Regional Planning Commission. June 2010. Retrieved July 24, 2011.
↑ "Scull Creek Trail". City of Fayetteville, Arkansas. Retrieved July 24, 2011.
1 2 Trails Guide, Fayetteville, Arkansas (Brochure). City of Fayetteville, Arkansas. Retrieved July 24, 2011.
↑ City of Fayetteville, AR Master Trail Plan (PDF) (Map). City of Fayetteville, Arkansas. September 1, 2009. Retrieved August 2, 2011.
↑ "Fayetteville, Arkansas Mayor". City of Fayetteville. Retrieved July 31, 2011.
↑ "Fayetteville, Arkansas City Council". City of Fayetteville. Retrieved July 31, 2011.
↑ "Fayetteville, Arkansas City Clerk: Boards, Commissions and Committees". City of Fayetteville. Retrieved July 31, 2011.
↑ "Judicial Directory" (PDF). State of Arkansas. November 4, 2015. pp. 10–21. Retrieved December 6, 2015.
↑ "Arkansas District Court" (PDF). Arkansas Legal Services Partnership. December 2013. Retrieved December 6, 2015.
↑ "Fourth Judicial Circuit of Arkansas" (PDF). Amended Administrative Plan. January 1, 2015. Retrieved December 6, 2015.
↑ "Mayor Lioneld Jordan". accessfayetteville.org. Archived from the original on 28 August 2016. Retrieved 28 August 2016.
↑ "Arkansas House Of Representatives | Greg Leding". www.arkansashouse.org. Archived from the original on 26 August 2016. Retrieved 28 August 2016. Before his election as Mayor, Lioneld worked 27 years for the University of Arkansas on the staff of the Facilities Management Department, where he was a Zone Supervisor and earned the institution’s Diversity Certificate for his efforts to increase inclusiveness on campus.
↑ "Arkansas House Of Representatives | David Whitaker". www.arkansashouse.org. Archived from the original on 6 July 2016. Retrieved 28 August 2016.
↑ "Arkansas House Of Representatives | Charlie Collins". www.arkansashouse.org. Archived from the original on 26 August 2016. Retrieved 28 August 2016.
↑ "Member Profile | Uvalde Lindsey". www.arkleg.state.ar.us. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 28 August 2016.
↑ "Member Profile | Jon Woods". www.arkleg.state.ar.us. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 28 August 2016.
↑ "America's Best High Schools: The List". Newsweek. 2010. Archived from the original on August 17, 2011. Retrieved August 3, 2011.
↑ "The 25 Best High School Athletic Programs". Sports Illustrated. February 8, 2010.
↑ Gill, Todd (28 June 2012). "Martin Schoppmeyer seeks Ward 3 Fayetteville City Council seat". Fayetteville Flyer. Archived from the original on 17 December 2015. Retrieved 25 August 2016. Martin Schoppmeyer Jr., 45, a lifelong resident of Fayetteville, founded the first open-enrollment public charter high school in the state, Haas Hall Academy, ...
↑ "America's Top High Schools 2015". newsweek.com. Newsweek. 19 August 2015. Archived from the original on 21 June 2016. Retrieved 25 August 2016.
↑ Kent, Myron, ed. (1871). "March 22, 1871". Journal of the Senate of Arkansas (Eighteenth Session ed.). Library of the University of Illinois: Price & McClure, Public Printers. p. 322. Retrieved 25 August 2016. Mr. President: I am instructed by the House of Representatives to inform your honorable body of the passage by the House of House bill No. 78, entitled 'An act for the location and maintenance of the Arkansas Industrial University, with a normal department therein."
↑ "University of Arkansas". College Profiles. 2008. p. 21.
↑ "Ark. Business online media newspaper Arkansas News ebusiness research journal". ArkansasBusiness.com. Retrieved January 24, 2011.
↑ "Office of Institutional Research | University of Arkansas". University of Arkansas. Retrieved January 24, 2011.
↑ "Best Places in USA: The Best Places to Live & Explore… For Every Lifestyle, Fayetteville: Arkansas". Best Places in USA. 2010. Retrieved August 3, 2011.
↑ Low, Chris (April 11, 2011). "Hogs' Petrino eager to take next step". ESPN. Retrieved January 25, 2012.
↑ "University of Arkansas, Fayetteville". National Collegiate Athletic Association. January 25, 2012. Missing or empty |url= (help)
↑ "Solar Training Heads South to the Home of the Razorbacks in Fayetteville, Arkansas". January 28, 2011. Retrieved January 25, 2012.
↑ Arbitron. Arbitron Radio Metro Map Based on Fall 2011 Market Definitions (PDF) (Map). Retrieved 2011-08-18.
↑ "Arbitron Radio Market Rankings: Spring 2011". Arbitron. Retrieved 2011-08-18.
↑ http://www.arkansashighways.com/forums/I-49-approval-north.pdf
↑ Pruna, Jocelyne (November 3, 2012). "Election Day Will Decide Two Positions for Beaver Water District". KFSM-TV. Retrieved January 13, 2013.
↑ "Utilities Department". City of Fayetteville. Retrieved August 18, 2011.
↑ "Wastewater Treatment History". City of Fayetteville. Retrieved January 20, 2014.
↑ Paul R. Noland Wastewater Treatment Plant (PDF). NPDES Permit Renewal Application (Report). City of Fayetteville. November 2010. Retrieved January 20, 2014.
↑ West Side Wastewater Treatment Plant (PDF). NPDES Permit Application (Report). City of Fayetteville. November 2005. p. 56. Retrieved January 20, 2014.
↑ Biosolids Management Construction Permit (PDF). Final State Construction Permit (Report). City of Fayetteville, Arkansas Department of Environmental Quality. May 2010. Retrieved January 20, 2013.
↑ "Fayetteville: Reducing Waste, Space, Means Profit". Green Initiatives. Arkansas Business. December 10, 2012. Retrieved January 20, 2014.

Bibliography

Arnold, Morris S.; DeBlack, Thomas A.; Sabo III, George; Whayne, Jeannie M. (2002). Arkansas: A narrative history (1st ed.). Fayetteville, Arkansas: The University of Arkansas Press. ISBN 1-55728-724-4. OCLC 49029558.

External links

Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Fayetteville (Arkansas).

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Fayetteville, Arkansas.

Official

Official website

Other

1908 Plat of Fayetteville
Fayetteville Flyer
NW Arkansas Online
NW Arkansas Times newspaper webpage (paid subscribers only)
History of Fayetteville's Jewish community (from the Institute of Southern Jewish Life)
Fayetteville Public Library
Fayetteville History
Encyclopedia of Arkansas History & Culture entry: Fayetteville (Washington County)

Municipalities and communities of Washington County, Arkansas, United States

County seat: Fayetteville

Cities	Elkins Elm Springs‡ Farmington Fayetteville Greenland Johnson Lincoln Prairie Grove Springdale‡ Tontitown West Fork Winslow

Town	Goshen

Townships	Boston Brush Creek Cane Hill Center Cove Creek Crawford Durham Dutch Mills Elkins Elm Springs Farmington Fayetteville Goshen Greenland Harmon Illinois Johnson Lee's Creek Lincoln Litteral Marrs Hill Morrow Prairie Prairie Grove Reed Rhea's Mill Richland Springdale Starr Hill Tontitown Valley Vineyard Wedington West Fork White River Winslow Wyman

Unincorporated communities	Appleby Arnett Baldwin Banyard Beav-O-Rama Black Oak Blackburn Blue Springs Village Brentwood Canehill Cincinnati Clyde Durham Dutch Mills Evansville Fayette Junction Floss Gulley Habberton Harmon Harris Hazel Velley Hicks Hogeye Hubbard Mayfield McNair Morrow Mount Olive Oak Grove Odell Onda Pilgrim's Rest Pitkin Corner Rhea Rochelle Riviera Savoy Shady Grove Skylight Sonora Spring Valley Starks Steele Strain Strickler Sulphur City Summers Sunset Suttle Tolu Tuttle Viney Grove Walnut Grove War Eagle Cove Wedington Wedington Woods Wheeler White Rock Woolsey Wyman Wyola

Ghost towns	Barbara Blewford Carter Cross Roads Jabur McGuire Porter's Store Rickert Rucker's Grove Sexton Summit Sydenham

Footnotes	‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties

Authority control	WorldCat Identities VIAF: 145427273 LCCN: n81089591 GND: 4250674-8

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