Fiat Automobiles

Fiat Automobiles S.p.A.

Type	subsidiary
Industry	Automotive
Founded	July 11, 1899 in Turin, Italy
Founder	Giovanni Agnelli
Headquarters	Turin, Italy
Area served	Worldwide
Key people	John Elkann (President) Olivier François (CEO)
Products	Automobiles
Production output	1,455,650 units (2010)[1]
Owner	Fiat Chrysler Automobiles
Parent	FCA Italy
Website	Fiat.com

Fiat Automobiles S.p.A. (FIAT, Italian: Fabbrica Italiana Automobili Torino, lit. 'Italian Automobiles Factory, Turin'), is the largest automobile manufacturer in Italy, a subsidiary of FCA Italy S.p.A. which is part of Fiat Chrysler Automobiles. Fiat Automobiles S.p.A. was formed in January 2007 when Fiat reorganized its automobile business,^[2] and traces its history back to 1899 when the first Fiat automobile was produced.

Presence

Europe

Fiat Punto

Fiat Panda

Fiat's main market is Europe, mainly focused in Italy. Historically successful in citycars and supermini sector, currently Fiat has a range of models focused on those two segments (in 2011, those accounted for the 84% of its sales). Fiat does not currently offer any large family car, nor an executive car - these market segments have, to some extent been covered by the Lancia and Alfa Romeo brands, which Fiat also owns.

Fiat's share of the European market shrank from 9.4 per cent in 2000 to 5.8 per cent in the summer of 2004. At this point Sergio Marchionne was appointed as Fiat Chief Executive. By March 2009 their market share had expanded back to 9.1%.^[3]

Fiat's built their five-story Lingotto plant in 1915 through 1918, at the time it was Europe's largest car manufacturing plant.^[4] Later the Mirafiori plant was built, also in Turin. To prepare for production of the all new Fiat 128, Fiat opened their Rivalta plant in October 1968. Until the 128 could enter production, the plant was used to build sports versions of the 850 and 124 as well as parts for the Fiat Dino.^[5]

Fiat's 2014 range of passenger car engines comprised eleven units, eight petrols and three diesels.^[6] Their current range of models is the following:

• City car: Fiat 500, Fiat Panda
• Supermini: Fiat Punto
• Compact car: Fiat Tipo
• Mini MPV: Fiat 500L
• Large MPV: Fiat Freemont (rebadged Dodge Journey)
• Mini SUV: Fiat 500X

Fiat sales of 2011 were up to 676,704 (minus 17.3% vs. previous year):^[7]

Model	2011 sales
Fiat Punto	220,343
Fiat Panda	189,527
Fiat 500	156,301
Fiat Linea	35,499
Fiat Bravo	31,673
Fiat Sedici	14,777
Fiat Freemont	13,651
Fiat Albea	8,951
Fiat Idea	5,982

Light commercial vehicles are sold in Europe under the brand Fiat Professional.

South America

Fiat Uno, specifically developed for Brazilian market

Fiat has invested for a long time in South America, mainly in Brazil (where has been the market leader for many years) and in Argentina. They built their first Brazilian car plant in the Greater Belo Horizonte city of Betim in 1973, after having begun by building tractors there.^[8]

The Brazilian range is similar to European one, with the addition of a special family which derives from a common platform (called "Project 178"): Fiat Palio, Fiat Palio Weekend, Fiat Palio Adventure, Fiat Siena, Fiat Grand Siena.

Recently a brand new model developed in Brazil has been launched: the Fiat Uno.

Other European models are currently imported to Brazil: Fiat 500, Freemont. Some others are still in production: Punto, Idea, Bravo, and Linea.

Fiat sells in Brazil under the Fiat brand, European Fiat Professional light commercial vehicles as:

• Strada (developed in Brazil, has the same platform as the Palio and Siena;
• previous versions of European Doblò, Doblò Cargo, Fiorino, and Ducato;
• the old European Uno Van.

United States

Fiat re-entered the North American market in 2011 with the new Fiat 500

Fiat has a long history in the United States. In 1908, the Fiat Automobile Co. was established in the country and a plant in Poughkeepsie, N.Y.,^[9][10] began producing Fiats a year later, like the Fiat 60 HP and the Fiat 16-20 HP.^[11] These luxury cars were produced long before Chrysler Corp. was formed in 1925 from older manufacturers that were acquired by Walter P. Chrysler, the founder.^[12] The New Jersey factory was closed when the United States entered into World War I in 1917.

Fiat returned to North America in the 1950s, selling the original 500, Fiat 600 Multipla, Fiat 1100, Fiat 1200, and the Fiat 1300.^[13] The company name Fiat was sometimes used as a jocular backronym for 'Fix it again Tony', referring to poor reliability and problems, such as rust, which some Fiat owners in the United States encountered in the 1970s and 1980s with the Fiat 124 Sport Spider and the Fiat X1/9.^[14][15][16] Partly as a result, Fiat sales in the US fell from a high of 100,511 cars in 1975 to 14,113 in 1982.^[15] In 1983, Fiat left the United States car market with a reputation for poor quality cars in North America.^[17][17][18]

In January 2009, the Fiat Group acquired a 20% stake in US automaker Chrysler LLC.^[19] The deal saw the return of the Fiat brand to North America after a 25-year absence. The first Fiat-branded model to appear in the US was the internationally popular Fiat 500 city car. The Fiat 500 model is built at Chrysler's assembly plant in Toluca, Mexico, which currently makes also the Dodge Journey and Fiat Freemont crossovers.^[20] Fiat is also selling their commercial vehicles in North America, rebranded as Ram ProMaster and Ram ProMaster City.

Africa

Fiat passenger cars began assembly in South Africa in 1950, and full production in their Rosslyn plant commenced in 1966.^[21] Sales reached a peak market share of about five percent around 1970 but then dropped precipitously. A new 128-based half-ton pickup truck helped turn the situation around.^[22]

Asia

Fiat's presence in Chinese market is limited compared to its European, Japanese, Korean and American rivals. At the beginning of 2012, Fiat was only importing Fiat Bravo and Fiat 500 model. However, in 2012 Fiat and GAC opened a Joint Venture plant to produce the first Fiat vehicle specifically developed for Chinese market ever: the Fiat Viaggio, a compact car derived by another model of Fiat SpA group, the Dodge Dart (in turn derived by another Fiat Group car, the Alfa Romeo Giulietta).

Fiat currently offers to Japanese consumers the 500 in both coupe and convertible bodystyles, and the Panda. Both vehicles are in compliance with Japanese Government dimension regulations affording the Japanese public to purchase a non-Japanese vehicle without having to pay an annual tax for driving a car that exceeds the regulations.

Fiat is also present in the Indian market since 1948. Current presence is in Joint Venture with Tata Motors, although current car sales (Fiat is currently offering the Fiat Punto and Fiat Linea) are niche market and limited (approx. 20k units in 2011).

Current production

Western countries markets

Fiat 500L

Fiat Freemont

• A-segment - Fiat 500

The Fiat 500 (Italian: cinquecento, Italian pronunciation: [ˌtʃiŋkweˈtʃɛnto]) is a car produced by the Fiat company of Italy between 1957 and 1975, with limited production of the Fiat 500 K estate continuing until 1977. The car was designed by Dante Giacosa. Redesigned in 2007, it is currently distributed worldwide.

• A-segment - Fiat Panda

The Fiat Panda is a city car from the Italian automotive manufacturer Fiat. Current version is the third one distributed as from 2012.

• B-segment - Fiat Punto

The third generation Fiat supermini to bear the name Punto, codenamed Project 199, the Grande Punto was unveiled at the 2005 Frankfurt Motor Show and went on sale later that year. Styled by Giugiaro, the car is based on the Fiat/GM SCCS platform. Whilst the model shares some of its name with the previous Punto, a large number of its components are new, including a new chassis and body shell. After facelift in 2009 it was named as Punto Evo and sold as bare Punto name.

• M-segment - Fiat 500L

The Fiat 500L enlarges, as from September 2012, the Fiat 500 family with a Mini MPV which replace the Fiat Idea. The model is produced in the new Fiat plant in Serbia. The platform is the same of the Fiat Punto.^[23]

• J-segment - Fiat Freemont

Introduced in 2011 to replace Fiat Multipla, and according to the manufacturer, also the last version of the Fiat Croma. It is a rebadging of the Dodge Journey, following the takeover of Chrysler.

Emerging markets (production in Europe)

• C-segment - Fiat Aegea

Emerging markets (production in South America)

Palio Weekend

• Fiat Palio

The Fiat Palio is a supermini designed by Fiat as a world car, aimed at developing countries. The Palio Weekend is a small family car station wagon; an extended version of the hatchback Palio.

• Fiat Siena

Siena

The Fiat Siena is the four-door sedan version of the Fiat Palio, a small family car especially designed for developing countries. The car is similar to Fiat Albea.

European Cars of the Year

The European Car of the Year award has been awarded twelve times to the Fiat Group over the last forty years, more than any other manufacturer. Nine of these awards were won by Fiat Automobiles models. Fiat models awarded the title:

• 1967: Fiat 124
• 1970: Fiat 128
• 1972: Fiat 127
• 1984: Fiat Uno
• 1989: Fiat Tipo
• 1995: Fiat Punto
• 1996: Fiat Bravo/Brava
• 2004: Fiat Panda
• 2008: Fiat 500^[24]

CO₂ emissions

Fiat Automobiles, one of Europe's 10 best-selling automotive brands, has for the second year running been confirmed as having the lowest average value for CO₂ emissions from vehicles sold in 2008: 133.7 g/km (137.3 g/km in 2007). This was corroborated by JATO, a provider of automotive data.^[25]

Electric vehicles

Fiat started development of electric vehicles back in the mid 1970s, with the concept Fiat X1/23. More recently in 2008, Fiat showed the Phylla concept,^[26] and the Fiat Bugster concept in Brazil.^[27]

Fiat joined utility companies Cemig and Itaipu to develop new electric vehicles for Brazil, with production in 2009 of the Palio Weekend Electric.^[28]

Fiat launched the electric 500e in California in 2013, but no sales were planned for Europe.^[29] Fiat CEO Sergio Marchionne claimed in 2014 that each one was sold at a loss of $14,000.^[30]

Concept vehicles

1951 Fiat Biposto (Abarth, Bertone) 1954 Fiat Turbina[31] 1956 Fiat 600 Multipla Eden Roc 1957 Fiat 1200 Stanguellini Spider 1961 Fiat 600 Model Y Berlinetta 1964 Fiat 2300 S Coupe Speciale 1967 Fiat 125 Executive Concept 1967 Fiat 125 GTZ 1967 Fiat Dino Parigi 1968 Fiat Abarth 2000[32] 1969 Fiat 128 Coupe 1969 Fiat 128 Teenager 1972 Fiat 128 Pulsar Michelotti 1972 Fiat ESV 1500 1972 Fiat X1/23 1974 Fiat 127 Village 1975 Fiat Abarth 131 1976 Fiat 126 Cavaletta 1980 Fiat Panda 4×4 Strip (153) 1992 Fiat Grigua (170) 1992 Fiat Cinquecento Cita (170)

1993 Fiat Downtown 1993 Fiat Lucciola Concept (170) 1993 Fiat ZIC 1994 Fiat Punto Racer (176) 1994 Fiat Firepoin[33] 1996 Fiat Bravo Enduro Concept (182) 1996 Fiat Formula 4 1996 Fiat Vuscia Concept 1996 Fiat Barchetta Coupe Concept by Maggiora 2004 Fiat Trepiùno 2005 Fiat Oltre 2006 Fiat FCC 2006 Fiat Suagna Bertone 2007 Fiat Barchetta Bertone 2008 Fiat Phylla 2012 Fiat FCC 2

Motorsport

In 1971 the Fiat 124 Sport Spider was prepared for the World Rally Championship when Abarth became involved with its production and development and from 1972 had relative success with two wins in 1972, one in 1973 and won 1st, 2nd and 3rd in the 1974 Portuguese TAP Rally.^[34]

The Fiat 131 Abarth was a very successful rally car replacing the 124. Between 1976 and 1981 the Fiat 131 won 18 World Rally Championship events,^[35] and winning the WRC three times: in 1977, 1978, and in 1980.^[36]

Lancia took over the role of motorsport for the Fiat Group during the 1980s. After a long break of factory-supported entries, in 2003 a Fiat Punto S1600 won the Italian Rally Championship, and 2006 the Fiat Grande Punto S2000 won the FIA European Rally Championship,^[37] followed by three successive wins in 2009, 2010 and 2011.

Marketing

Logo

Fiat logo 1968 to 1999

The FIAT initials were first used in the distinctive logo form 1901.^[38] Beginning in 1931, the company began using a single red shield with out a wreath. In 1968 the "rhomboid" logo (as it was known internally) was introduced which featured the FIAT initials spelled out on four interconnected rhombuses. The rhomboid was slowly phased in during the early 1970s, although the older "laurel wreath" style FIAT badge was used to denote sporting models such as the 124 Spider, 127 Sport, X1/9 and the tuned Abarth models. A new corporate nose based on the rhomboid logo was first introduced in 1983 on the Uno, which consisted of five chrome bars inclined at an angle of 18 degrees to mirror the rhomboid, which usually appeared in reduced size at the corner of the grille.

In 1999 the wreath style logo was re-introduced to commemorate the 100th anniversary of the company.

Motor Village and flagship stores

Fiat launched its Motor Village flagship store concept in 2006, with its Mirafiori Motor Village in Turin, followed by London's on Wigmore Street in 2008^[39] and Paris's on the Champs-Élysées in 2010.^[40]

BSM-Fiat deal

In 2009, BSM (the British School of Motoring) ended a 16-year relationship with Vauxhall Motors and signed a deal with Fiat UK to swap its learner vehicle from the Vauxhall Corsa to the new Fiat 500. Fiat UK will supply 14,000 cars to BSM over four years in a marketing deal.^[41]

References

1. "WORLD MOTOR VEHICLE PRODUCTION" (PDF). oica.net. 2010. Retrieved 2011-09-13.
2. Hussain, Aijaz (January 23, 2007). "Fiat SpA reorganizes auto business, changes name to Fiat Group Automobiles". AP Worldstream. Retrieved September 22, 2009.
3. "Fix it again, Sergio — and then fix the rest of 'em". The Irish Times. May 6, 2009. Retrieved September 25, 2009.
4. Eyewitness Travel: Italy. DK. 2005. pp. 26–27. ISBN 1-4053-0781-1.
5. Becker, Clauspeter (1971), Logoz, Arthur, ed., "Fiat 128", Auto-Universum 1971 (in German), Zürich, Switzerland: Verlag Internationale Automobil-Parade AG, XIV: 88
6. "Theme: Engines – a survey of Fiat´s 2004 and 2014 ranges". Driven To Write. 2014-08-19. Retrieved 2016-06-22.
7. "New Vehicle Registrations: Provisional Figures (ACEA Press Releases)". ACEA. January 15, 2012. Retrieved July 24, 2012.
8. Wilkins, Gordon (September 1978). "Fiat: Italy's industrial giant". CAR (South Africa). Vol. 22 no. 8. Ramsay, Son & Parker (Pty) ltd. p. 65.
9. "American built Fiats". American-automobiles.com. Retrieved 2016-06-22.
10. Location of Fiat Poughkeepsie factory Archived May 18, 2013, at the Wayback Machine.
11. American built Fiats
12. "Anyone less than 30 years old probably never has seen -- or at least doesn't remember seeing -- a Fiat automobile in the flesh.". bankrate.com. Retrieved 2009-09-22.
13. http://vintage-original-ads.com/Pictures/albums/uploads/1958-Fiat-Captured-America-Hoffman-ad.jpg
14. Nelson D Schwartz (April 25, 2009). "Would Detroit Sound Any Better in Italian?". The New York Times. Retrieved December 11, 2009.
15. "Fiat Finito". Time (magazine). January 31, 1983. Retrieved September 21, 2009.
16. Krisher, Tom (January 31, 1983). "Problems of old Chrysler linger at 'new' Chrysler, US". The Guardian. London. Retrieved September 22, 2009.
17. Szczesny, Joseph R. (May 1, 2009). "Can Americans Learn to Love Fiat? Chrysler Hopes So". Time (magazine). Retrieved September 19, 2009.
18. Lo Vecchio, Roberto (August 27, 2009). "Fiat-Chrysler I PRIMI CENTO GIORNI DI MARCHIONNE". Quattroruote. Retrieved September 22, 2009.
19. "Mergers: Commission approves acquisition of Chrysler by Fiat". europa.eu. Retrieved 2010-06-11.
20. "Toluca started Fiat 500s, 2011 Journeys". www.allpar.com. Retrieved 2011-01-01.
21. Wilkins, p. 66
22. Wilkins, p. 67
23. "Architecture - Fiat 500L, design "cab forward"". Retrieved 7 February 2012.
24. English, Andrew (November 19, 2007). "Fiat's Cinquecento voted car of the year". telegraph.co.uk. London. Retrieved 2010-08-15.
25. "Fiat keeps the low-CO₂ crown for second year in a row". Autoblog/FiatAutoPress release. March 3, 2009. Retrieved December 5, 2009.
26. "Fiat's electric Topolino | Auto Express News | News". Auto Express. 2008-06-04. Retrieved 2009-04-27.
27. "Fiat Bugster A Plug-In Electric Car | Other Motorsports". Auto Racing Daily. 2008-11-16. Retrieved 2009-04-27.
28. "Meet the First Electric Car Produced in South America: Brazil's Fiat Palio Weekend". Treehugger. 14 July 2009. Retrieved 29 August 2014.
29. "Fiat 500e most efficient electric car in the USA". Autocar. Retrieved 29 August 2014.
30. "Sergio Marchionne asks customers not to buy Fiat 500e". Auto Express. 22 May 2014. Retrieved 29 August 2014.
31. "Fiat Turbina".
32. "Fiat Abarth 2000".
33. "Fiat Firepoin (1994)".
34. Giacosa, John Tipler ; foreword by Dante (1993). Fiat & Abarth 124 Spider & coupé. Godmanstone, England: Veloce Pub. Plc. ISBN 1-874105-09-X.
35. "Fiat Manufacturer Profile & Rally History". rallye-info.com. Retrieved 2011-07-16.
36. "Walter Röhrl". rallybase.nl. Retrieved 2007-07-03.
37. "Fiat Wins European Rally Championship". Fiat UK. Retrieved 24 July 2012.
38. "Fiat Logo History". Worlds Best Logos. 3 December 2007. Retrieved 24 July 2012.
39. "Fiat opens new flagship store in West London". Motortorque. 12 March 2008. Retrieved December 12, 2009.
40. "Fiats join Jeeps in Paris for first time in Fiat-owned store". Automotive Europe. 8 July 2010. Retrieved 24 July 2012.
41. Mortished, Carl (July 28, 2009). "Cheeky Italian Fiat takes British out of BSM as Vauxhall is dumped". The Times. London. Retrieved December 5, 2009.

External links

• Official website
• Fiat Group Automobiles Press
• Fiat Light Commercial Vehicles
• Fiat Group Automobiles Press
• Old Fiat Concept Cars