List of rampage killers (school massacres)

This section of the list of rampage killers contains those cases that occurred at kindergartens, schools and universities, as well as their affiliated buildings. If the perpetrator was a member of the school staff and the victims primarily his colleagues, the case is not included here, but it is added to the list of rampage workplace killings.

A rampage killer has been defined as follows:

A rampage involves the (attempted) killing of multiple persons least partly in public space by a single physically present perpetrator using (potentially) deadly weapons in a single event without any cooling-off period.^[1]

This list should contain every case with at least one of the following features:

• Rampage killings with 6 or more dead (excluding the perpetrator)
• Rampage killings with at least 4 people killed and a double digit number of victims (dead plus injured)
• Rampage killings with at least 12 victims (dead plus injured)

All abbreviations used in the table are explained below.

Rampage killers

	Perpetrator	Date	Year	Location	Country	Killed	Injured	W	Additional Notes	Ref.
1.	Kehoe, Andrew Philip, 55[n 1]	05.18 May 18	1927	Bath Township, MI	U.S.	44	58	FME	Committed suicide Also killed numerous animals	Loc: Consolidated school, Farm; Occ: Farmer; W: Explosives, Club?; Rel: Wife; Non-Sch: Several
2.	Cho, Seung-Hui, 23 (조승희)	04.16 April 16	2007	Blacksburg, VA	U.S.	32	17	F	Committed suicide	Loc: University; Occ: Student; W: Glock 19, Walther P22; Rel: None; Non-Sch: None
3.	Lanza, Adam Peter, 20[n 1]	12.14 Dec. 14	2012	Newtown, CT	U.S.	27	02 2	F	Committed suicide	Loc: Elementary school; Occ: ---; W: Bushmaster XM15-E2S, bolt-action rifle; Rel: Mother; Non-Sch: Mother
4.	Hamilton, Thomas Watt, 43	03.13 March 13	1996	Dunblane	U.K.	17	15 15	F	Committed suicide	Loc: Elementary School; Occ: ---; W: Two Browning HP, Two Smith & Wesson M19 (used only for suicide?); Rel: None; Non-Sch: None
5.	Steinhäuser, Robert, 19	04.26 April 26	2002	Erfurt	Germany	16	01 1	F	Committed suicide	Loc: Gymnasium; Occ: Student (expelled); W: Glock 17; Rel: None; Non-Sch: Police officer
6.	Whitman, Charles Joseph, 25[n 1]	08.01 Aug. 1	1966	Austin, TX	U.S.	15	32	FM	Shot by police One of the injured died in 2001; attributed to this event	Loc: University/Stationary; Occ: ---; W: ---; Rel: Mother, wife; Non-Sch: 2 killed(mother, wife)
7.	Kretschmer, Tim, 17	03.11 March 11	2009	Winnenden and Wendlingen	Germany	15	09 9	F	Committed suicide	Loc: Realschule, others; Occ: Student; W: Beretta 92FS; Rel: None; Non-Sch: At least five
8.	Lépine, Marc, 25	12.06 Dec. 6	1989	Montreal, QC	Canada	14	14	FM	Committed suicide	Loc: University; Occ: ---; W: Ruger Mini-14, Hunting knife; Rel: None; Non-Sch: ---
9.	Harris, Eric David, 18 Klebold, Dylan Bennet, 17	04.20 April 20	1999	Columbine, CO	U.S.	13	21	F E	Both committed suicide	Loc: High school; Occ: Student (both); W: Hi-Point 995 Carbine (Harris), Savage 67H (Harris), Intratec TEC-DC9 (Klebold), Stevens 311D (Klebold), Pipe bombs (both), Molotov cocktails (both); Rel: None; Non-Sch: None
10.	Gadirov, Farda, 28	04.30 April 30	2009	Baku	Azerbaijan	12	13	F	Committed suicide	[2] Loc: University; Occ: ---; W: Makarov PM; Rel: None; Non-Sch: ---
11.	Menezes de Oliveira, Wellington, 23	04.07 April 7	2011	Rio de Janeiro	Brazil	12	12	F	Committed suicide	Loc: ---; Occ: ---; W: Two Revolvers; Rel: None; Non-Sch: None
12.	Bai Ningyang, 18 (白宁阳)	05.08 May 8	2006	Shiguan	China	12	05 5	MA	Sentenced to death	Loc: Kindergarten; Occ: ---; W: Knife, Arson; Rel: None; Non-Sch: None
13.	Seifert, Walter, 42	06.11 June 11	1964	Volkhoven	West Germany	10	22	FM	Committed suicide	Loc: Elementary school; Occ: Unemployed; W: Flamethrower, Lance, Mace (all homemade); Rel: None; Non-Sch: None
14.	Saari, Matti Juhani, 22	09.23 Sep. 23	2008	Kauhajoki	Finland	10	01.3 1	F A	Committed suicide	Loc: Vocational school; Occ: Student; W: Walther P22; Rel: None; Non-Sch: None?
15.	Wu Huanming, 47 (吴焕明)	05.12 May 12	2010	Linchang	China	9	11	M	Committed suicide	[3] Loc: Kindergarten; Occ: ---; W: Cleaver; Rel: None; Non-Sch: ---
16.	Harper-Mercer, Christopher Sean, 26	10.01 Oct. 1	2015	Roseburg, OR	U.S.	9	07.09 7–9	F	Committed suicide
17.	Weise, Jeffrey James, 16[n 1]	03.21 March 21	2005	Red Lake, MN	U.S.	9	07.15 5	F	Committed suicide	Loc: High school; Occ: Student; W: 12-gauge Remington 870, Ruger MK II; Glock 23; Rel: Grandfather; Non-Sch: 2 killed
18.	Yan Yanming, 21 (闫彦明)	11.26 Nov. 26	2004	Ruzhou	China	9	04 3	M	Sentenced to death and executed	[4] Loc: ---; Occ: ---; W: Knife; Rel: ---; Non-Sch: ---
19.	Takuma, Mamoru, 37 (宅間 守)	06.08 June 8	2001	Ikeda, Osaka	Japan	8	15	M	Sentenced to death and executed	Loc: ---; Occ: ---; W: Kitchen knife; Rel: ---; Non-Sch: ---
20.	Ala Hisham Abu Dheim, 26 (علاء هاشم أبو دهيم)	03.06 March 6	2008	Jerusalem	Israel	8	09.11 9–11	F	Shot by an armed student	Loc: ---; Occ: ---; W: AKM; Rel: ---; Non-Sch: ---
21.	Zheng Minsheng, 41 (郑明生)	03.23 March 23	2010	Nanping	China	8	05 5	M	Sentenced to death and executed	[5] Loc: ---; Occ: ---; W: ---; Rel: ---; Non-Sch: ---
22.	Auvinen, Pekka-Eric, 18	11.07 Nov. 7	2007	Jokela	Finland	8	01 1	F A	Committed suicide	Loc: ---; Occ: Student; W: SIG Mosquito; Rel: ---; Non-Sch: ---
23.	U Win-maung	03.26 March 26	1975		Burma	7	05 5	M	Shot dead	[6] Loc: ---; Occ: Principal; W: ---; Rel: ---; Non-Sch: ---
24.	Wang Xiangjun	04.01 April 1	1996	Meitian	China	7	05 5	M	Arrested	[7] Loc: ---; Occ: ---; W: ---; Rel: ---; Non-Sch: ---
25.	Goh, One L., 43	04.02 April 2	2012	Oakland, CA	U.S.	7	03 3	F	Arrested; on trial	Loc: University; Occ: Student; W: .45-caliber semi-automatic pistol.; Rel: ---; Non-Sch: ---
26.	Lee Chi Hang, 28[n 1] (李志衡)	06.03 June 3	1982	Sham Shui Po	Hong Kong	6	37	M	Found not guilty by reason of insanity	Loc: Kindergarten, others; Occ: ---; W: Two knives, two chisels; Rel: Mother, sister; Non-Sch: Several
27.	Mohammed Ahmad Misleh al-Nazari, 48	03.30 March 30	1997	Sanaa	Yemen	6	12	F	Sentenced to death and executed	[8] Loc: ---; Occ: ---; W: Kalashnikov assault rifle; Rel: ---; Non-Sch: ---
28.	Donchev, Branimir, 17	12.24 Dec. 24	1974	Durvenitsa	Bulgaria	6	10	F	Arrested	[9] Loc: University hostel; Occ: ---; W: ---; Rel: ---; Non-Sch: ---
29.	Lepnev, Sergei, 18 (Сергей Лепнев)	03.09 March 9	1997	Kamyshin	Russia	6	02 2	F	Sentenced to death, later changed to life imprisonment	[10] Loc: ---; Occ: ---; W: ---; Rel: ---; Non-Sch: ---
30.	Purdy, Patrick Edward, 24	01.17 Jan. 17	1989	Stockton, CA	U.S.	5	32	F A	Committed suicide	Loc: Elementary school; Occ: ---; W: Norinco Type 56S; Rel: None; Non-Sch: None
31.	Orgeron, Paul Harold, 49[n 1]	09.15 Sep. 15	1959	Houston, TX	U.S.	5	19	E	Killed by the explosion	[11]
32.	Kazmierczak, Steven Phillip, 27	02.14 Feb. 14	2008	DeKalb, IL	U.S.	5	17	F	Committed suicide	Loc: University; Occ: ---; W: 12-gauge Remington Sportsman 48, Glock 19; Rel: ---; Non-Sch: ---
33.	Charva, Karel, 34	06.03 June 3	1983	Eppstein	West Germany	5	14	F	Committed suicide	[12] Loc: Gesamtschule; Occ: ---; W: Smith & Wesson Model 59, 7.65mm Astra semi-automatic pistol; Rel: None; Non-Sch: Police officer
34.	Golden, Andrew Douglas, 11 Johnson, Mitchell Scott, 13	03.24 March 24	1998	Jonesboro, AR	U.S.	5	10	F	Both were imprisoned until their 21st birthday	Loc: ---; Occ: Student (both); W: .30-06 Remington Model 742, Universal M1 Carbine; Rel: ---; Non-Sch: ---
35.	Roberts, Charles Carl, 32	10.02 Oct. 2	2006	Nickel Mines, PA	U.S.	5	05 5	F	Committed suicide	Loc: ---; Occ: ---; W: 12-gauge Browning BPS, 9mm Springfield XD; Rel: ---; Non-Sch: ---
36.	Kinkel, Kipland Philip, 15[n 1]	05.20 May 20/21	1998	Springfield, OR	U.S.	4	35	F	Sentenced to 111 years in prison	[13] Loc: High school; Occ: Student; W: Ruger 10/22, Glock 19; Rel: Father, mother; Non-Sch: ---
37.	Schmidt, Heinz Jakob Friedrich Ernst, 29	06.20 June 20	1913	Bremen	German Reich	4	21	F	Found not guilty by reason of insanity One more died trying to escape	Loc: ---; Occ: ---; W: ---; Rel: ---; Non-Sch: ---
38.	Liu Hongwen, 28 (刘洪文)	09.30 Sep. 30	2004	Linwu County	China	4	12	M	Found not guilty by reason of insanity	[14] Loc: ---; Occ: Teacher; W: ---; Rel: ---; Non-Sch: ---
39.	De Gelder, Kim, 20	01.16 Jan. 16/23	2009	Vrasene and Sint-Gillis-bij-Dendermonde	Belgium	4	12	M	Sentenced to life imprisonment	Loc: Kindergarten; Occ: ---; W: ---; Rel: None; Non-Sch: ---
40.	Houston, Eric Christopher, 20	05.01 May 1	1992	Olivehurst, CA	U.S.	4	09.10 10	F	Sentenced to death	[15] Loc: High school; Occ: ---; W: 12-gauge pump-action shotgun, Sawed-off .22 caliber rifle; Rel: ---; Non-Sch: ---
41.	Unknown, 17[n 1]	01.22 Jan. 22	2016	La Loche, SK	Canada	4	7	F	Arrested
42.	Lawrynowicz, Stanislaw Obrapalski, Janusz	05.06 May 6	1925	Wilno	Poland	3–6	04.11 4–11	F E	Both committed suicide	Loc: Gymnasium, W: Revolvers, Grenades, Bomb Loc: Gymnasium; Occ: Student (both); W: Revolvers, grenades; Rel: None; Non-Sch: None
43.	Fang Jiantang, 26 (方建堂)	08.03 Aug. 3	2010	Zibo	China	3–4	07.20 7–20	M	Sentenced to death and executed	[16] Loc: ---; Occ: ---; W: ---; Rel: ---; Non-Sch: ---
44.	Wu Yechang, 25 (吴业昌)	09.21 Sep. 21	2012	Pingnan County	China	3	13	M	Arrested	[17] Loc: ---; Occ: ---; W: ---; Rel: ---; Non-Sch: ---
45.	Barbaro, Anthony F., 17	12.30 Dec. 30	1974	Olean, NY	U.S.	3	09.11 9–11	F E	Committed suicide while awaiting trial	Loc: High school; Occ: Student; W: Remington .30-06-caliber rifle with telescopic sight, 12-gauge shotgun, Smoke bomb; Rel: ---; Non-Sch: ---
46.	Unknown, 21	11.13 Nov. 13	1971	Guatemala City	Guatemala	2	15	M	Arrested	[18] Loc: Agricultural school; Occ: Student; W: Machete; Rel: ---; Non-Sch: ---
47.	Lu Xiaoxi, 25 (吕晓喜)	08.25 Aug. 25	1998	Jiudian	China	2	15	M	Sentenced to death	[19] Loc: Jiudian village (九店乡) middle school; Occ: Teacher; W: Knife; Rel: None; Non-Sch: None
48.	Kausler, Robert, 27	12.21 Dec. 21	1972	Erlangen	West Germany	2	13	F A	Perished in the fire	[20] Loc: University library; Occ: Student; W: ---; Rel: ---; Non-Sch: ---
49.	Slobodian, Michael Peter, 16	05.28 May 28	1975	Brampton, ON	Canada	2	13	F	Committed suicide	Loc: Secondary school; Occ: Student; W: ---; Rel: ---; Non-Sch: ---
50.	Williams, Charles Andrew, 15	03.05 March 5	2001	Santee, CA	U.S.	2	13	F	Sentenced to 50 years to life imprisonment	Loc: High school; Occ: Student; W: Arminius .22 caliber revolver; Rel: ---; Non-Sch: ---
51.	Mitchell, Tyrone, 28	02.24 Feb. 24	1984	Los Angeles, CA	U.S.	2	12	F	Committed suicide	[21] Loc: Elementary school/stationary; Occ: ---; W: AR-15, Winchester 12-gauge pump-action shotgun; Rel: ---; Non-Sch: ---

Abbreviations and footnotes

1. At least one of the victims was a relative of the assailant.

The W-column gives a basic description of the weapons used in the murders

F – Firearms and other ranged weapons, especially rifles and handguns, but also bows and crossbows, grenade launchers, flamethrowers, or slingshots

M – Melee weapons, like knives, swords, spears, machetes, axes, clubs, rods, rocks, or bare hands

O – Any other weapons, such as bombs, hand grenades, Molotov cocktails, poison and poisonous gas, as well as vehicle and arson attacks

A – indicates that an arson attack was the only other weapon used

V – indicates that a vehicle was the only other weapon used

E – indicates that explosives of any sort were the only other weapon used

References

1. Seeger, Thorsten (ed.) School Shootings: International Research, Case Studies, and Concepts for Prevention; Springer, 2012.
2. 13 Dead in Azerbaijan School Shooting, The New York Times (April 30, 2009)
   – Farda Gadirov's fellow villagers describe him as even-tempered, closed boy, Trend News Agency (April 30, 2009)
3. Death toll rises to nine from China kindergarten attack, Xinhua (May 12, 2010)
   – Man kills nine in Chinese nursery rampage, The Guardian (May 12, 2010)
   – 陕西南郑一私人幼儿园发生砍杀事件 致9死11伤, chinanews.com.cn (May 12, 2010)
   – 陝西南鄭幼兒園血案死亡人數升至9人, BBC (May 12, 2010)
   – 愚昧汉子持刀砍人发泄“怨恨, sina.com.cn (May 14, 2010)
4. Man held over China school deaths, BBC (November 26, 2002)
   – Neunfacher Kindermörder hingerichtet, Spiegel Online (January 20, 2005)
5. Man stabs, kills 8 children at Chinese school, Associated Press (March 23, 2010)
   – Man stabs, kills 8 children outside school in China, Los Angeles Times (March 23, 2010)
   – Man kills eight children at east China school, suspect arrested, Xinhua (March 23, 2010)
   – 福建一小学突发惨剧，一男子持刀行凶致小学生8死5伤, sina.com.cn (March 24, 2010)
6. Un directeur d'école tue 7 de ses élèves, L'Impartial (March 27, 1973)
   – Knife-wielding principal kills 7 Burmese pupils, wounds 5 others, The Dover Times-Reporter (March 26, 1975)
7. Children stabbed, The Straits Times (April 7, 1996)
   – Fusillade dans une école en Allemagne : 16 morts, dont le tireur, Ouest-France (March 11, 2009)
   – Quadro dos piores massacres nos últimos 15 anos, abril.com (March 11, 2009)
   – 1989年至2000年大事记, news.eyizhang.com (2012-10-28)
8. Yemen Executes Killer of Six, The Washington Post (April 6, 1997)
9. Berserk Youth Kills 6 at Hostel, Los Angeles Times (December 27, 1974)
   – Student runs amok, kills six, Cedar Rapids Gazette (December 27, 1974)
10. Police arrest cadet suspected of shooting dead six at military training college, Interfax (March 9, 1997)
    – Курсант расстрелял восемь сослуживцев, Kommersant (March 9, 1997)
    – За что расстреляли шестерых курсантов?, rodgor.ru (April 22, 2009)
11. http://www.chron.com/life/article/Poe-school-coverage-detailed-a-tragedy-1995461.php. Missing or empty |title= (help)
12. 19 Jahre nach Schul-Amoklauf, dpa (April 30, 2002)
    – West German police describe Czech gunman as smart and loner, Philadelphia Inquirer (June 6, 1983)
13. Oregon families trying to make sense of killing, Rome News-Tribune (May 22, 1998)
    – A difficult first day back, Charlotte Observer (May 27, 1998)
    – Wjo is Kip Kinkel?: Timeline, Frontline (June 24, 2007)
14. 湖南小学老师校园内行凶 砍死4学童砍伤16师生, Xinhua (October 7, 2004)
    – Teacher killing 4 students declared schizophrenic, China Daily (November 11, 2004)
    – Four killed in teacher's meat cleaver attack, Independenz Online (October 7, 2004)
15. Eric Christopher Houston at knowngangs.com
16. Four dead in China kindergarten attack, CNN (August 4, 2010)
    – China school attack kills at least three children, BBC News (August 4, 2010)
    – 4 Believed Dead in China School Attack, The New York Times (August 4, 2010)
    – At least three dead in knife attack on China school, AFP (August 4, 2010)
    – Man detained after three die in E China kindergarten attack, Xinhua (August 4, 2010)
    – 山东淄博杀童血案凶手被捕 嫌犯是律师, The Epoch Times (August 6, 2010)
    – 山東幼兒園血案 律師：兇手非律師, The Epoch Times (August 11, 2010)
    – In China, school attacks expose divides, The Hindu (September 26, 2010)
17. 3 children killed in nursery rampage, People's Daily (September 22, 2012)
    – Suicide-attempting child killer blames frustration for attack, China Daily (September 22, 2012)
    – 广西平南县"9.21"故意杀人案 致3人死亡13人受伤, Sohu (September 22, 2012)
18. Student amok kills two, The Straits Times (November 15, 1971)
    – Machete slayings, Des Moines Register (November 15, 1971)
19. Ex-soldier runs amok in school, The Standard (October 5, 1998)
    – Chinese ex-soldier slashes 23 in school rampage, Reuters (October 4, 1998)
    – 教师持刀杀学生案, edulawonline.com
    – 优秀教师血洗校园, 66163.com
20. Five die as jilted students runs amuck in Bavaria, The Times (December 22, 1972)
    – Student lief amok, Hamburger Abendblatt (December 21, 1972)
    – Verschmähte Liebe kostete drei jungen Menschen das Leben, Hamburger Abendblatt (December 22, 1972)
21. Jonestown specter haunted sniper, Mohave Daily Miner (February 26, 1984)
    – Mystery sniper sprays LA schoolyard, The Courier (February 26, 1984)
    – Sniper kills 1, wounds 12 at L.A. school playground, St. Petersburg Times (February 25, 1984)
    – School sniper victim dies, Oxnard Press-Courier (April 15, 1984)