Provinces of Papua New Guinea

Autonomous region, capital district, and Provinces of Papua New Guinea
Category Unitary state
Location Independent State of Papua New Guinea
Number 20 Provinces
1 Autonomous Region
1 Capital district
Populations (Provinces only): 50,231 (Manus) - 674,810 (Morobe)
Areas (Provinces only): 2,100 km2 (800 sq mi) (Manus) – 98,190 km2 (37,911 sq mi) (Fly River)
Government Provincial government, Government of Papua New Guinea
Subdivisions (Provinces and Autonomous Region):District
(Capital District):Suburb
Papua New Guinea
This article is part of a series on the
politics and government of
Papua New Guinea

The provinces of Papua New Guinea are the primary administrative divisions of the country. Provincial governments are branches of the national government– Papua New Guinea is not a federation of provinces. The country has 22 province-level divisions: 20 provinces, one autonomous region (Bougainville) and the National Capital District.

Parliament approved in 2009 the creation of two additional provinces by 2012: Hela Province, which would consist of part of the current Southern Highlands Province, and Jiwaka Province, which would be formed by dividing Western Highlands Province.[1] The two new provinces officially came into being on 17 May 2012.[2]

History

Immediately before independence on 16 September 1975, Papua New Guinea was divided into nineteen provinces and the National Capital District. These provinces corresponded to the "Districts" of the pre-Independence administration of the Territory of Papua and New Guinea.

The Bougainville issue

It had been considered that an independent state with limited resources could ill afford the infrastructure of a two-level quasi-federal governmental structure.

However, a secession movement in Bougainville, whose Bougainville Copper Mine provided the largest single source of foreign exchange and whose contribution to the general revenue was crucial to the independent state's economic viability, forced the issue. The Bougainville secession movement declared the Republic of the North Solomons on 1 September 1975 and the central government very quickly responded by offering provincial status to Bougainville. For the sake of consistency, as there were or had been regional separatist movements in Papua and East New Britain, provincial status was offered to the other 18 Districts as well.

Bougainville continues to be a special case. A renewed secession movement emerged in 1988 and resulted in a violent military campaign on the island, the closing of the Bougainville Copper Mine with serious financial consequences for the central government, the destruction or running-down of most infrastructure on the island and, ultimately, the total quarantining of the province for a decade. The Sandline affair of 1997 was a political scandal that became one of the defining moments in the history of Papua New Guinea, and particularly that of the conflict in Bougainville.

The Bougainville secessionists came to terms with the central government in 1997. A constitution was drafted for a more autonomous regional polity within Papua New Guinea with its own president and provisions for a referendum on total autonomy in due course.

Government

The provinces had elected provincial assemblies and cabinets led by premiers; however, the State remained unitary, not federal. Unlike Canada, Australia and the United States, whose federal governments are creatures of the provinces or states, but as with the provinces and states of Pakistan and India, the provinces are creatures of the central government and can be suspended by it or have their boundaries changed. Indeed, there have been suspensions of several provincial governments to address corruption or incompetence by elected provincial governments. Changes in the boundaries of those provinces which are adjacent to the former boundary between the Territories of Papua and New Guinea can cause special complications in the administration of statutes which apply in Papua or New Guinea but not both.

Ultimately in June 1995 in an effort to re-assert a measure of control by the central government over the often wayward provinces in an environment of limited numbers of personnel qualified for public office in many of the provinces, the office of provincial premier was abolished and the Regional (at-large) members of Parliament became provincial governors, while retaining their national seats in Parliament.

Naming of provinces

Several of the provincial governments have announced changes to the names of their provinces, with Bougainville becoming North Solomons, Western becoming Fly River, Chimbu becoming Simbu, Northern becoming Oro and West Sepik becoming Sandaun. The changes have been accorded popular acceptance but they remain unofficial, as the provinces are creatures of the Constitution and official changes of name would require amendments to the Constitution using the prescribed amending formula.

New provinces

In May 2012, two new provinces were established: Hela Province was split from Southern Highlands Province, and Jiwaka Province from Western Highlands Province.[2] · [3]

List of provinces

#
(map)		 Region Province Capital Governor
(2012-2017)		 Area
(km²)		 Population
(2011 census)		 Density
(pop/km²)
1 Papua Region Central Port Moresby Kila Haoda 29,998 269,756 6.21
2 Highlands Region Simbu (Chimbu) Kundiawa Noah Kool 6,112 376,473 42.42
3 Highlands Region Eastern Highlands Goroka Julie Soso 11,157 579,825 38.35
4 Islands Region East New Britain Kokopo Leo Dion 15,274 328,369 14.20
5 Momase Region East Sepik Wewak Michael Somare 43,426 450,530 7.98
6 Highlands Region Enga Wabag Peter Ipatas 11,704 432,045 22.60
7 Papua Region Gulf Kerema Havila Kavo 34,472 158,194 3.04
8 Momase Region Madang Madang Jim Kas 28,886 493,906 12.49
9 Islands Region Manus Lorengau Charlie Benjamin 2,000 50,231 20.76
10 Papua Region Milne Bay Alotau Titus Philemon 14,345 276,512 14.93
11 Momase Region Morobe Lae Kelly Naru 33,705 674,810 15.56
12 Islands Region New Ireland Kavieng Julius Chan 9,557 194,067 12.31
13 Papua Region Oro (Northern) Popondetta Gary Juffa 22,735 186,309 5.82
14 Islands Region Autonomous Region of Bougainville Buka John Momis (President)
Joe Lera		 9,384 249,358 15.18
15 Highlands Region Southern Highlands Mendi William Powi 15,089 510,245 23.86
16 Papua Region Western (Fly) Daru Ati Wobiro 98,189 201,351 1.53
17 Highlands Region Western Highlands Mount Hagen Paias Wingti 4,299 362,850 59.12
18 Islands Region West New Britain Kimbe Sasindran Muthuvel 20,387 264,264 8.80
19 Momase Region Sandaun (West Sepik) Vanimo Akmat Mai 35,820 248,411 5.12
20 Papua Region National Capital District Port Moresby Powes Parkop 240 364,125 1051.95
21 Highlands Region Hela Tari Anderson Agiru 10,498 249,449 17.71
22 Highlands Region Jiwaka Banz William Tongamp 4,798 343,987 38.68

Regions

On a broader scale, the nation is divided into four regions. These regional groupings are quite significant in daily life, as they are often the basis for organisation of government services, corporate operations, sporting competitions, and even the machinations of politics. For instance, there has been much discussion over the years of how many Prime Ministers have come from each region, and whether a particular region is due to provide the next one. Ministers and departmental heads are often appointed with an eye to maintaining an overall balance between the regions.

People generally identify quite strongly with their region, and inter-region rivalries can be intense. The four regions are:

Momase is a recently devised portmanteau word which combines the first two letters of Morobe, Madang, and Sepik.

See also

References

  1. ↑ Post-Courier, "Jiwaka, Hela set to go!" 15 July 2009
  2. 1 2 "PNG’S new province Hela, Jiwaka declared", The National, 17 May 2012
  3. ↑ "PNG creates two new provinces in the Highlands". Radio New Zealand International. 15 July 2009. Retrieved 4 November 2011.
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