List of Justices of the Supreme Court of the United States

The Supreme Court of the United States is the highest ranking judicial body in the United States. Its membership, as set by the Judiciary Act of 1869, consists of the Chief Justice of the United States and eight associate justices, any six of whom would constitute a quorum.^[1][2] Justices are nominated by the President of the United States and appointed after confirmation by the United States Senate. Justices of the Supreme Court have life tenure^[3] and receive a salary which is set at $255,500 per year for the chief justice and at $244,400 per year for each associate justice as of 2014.^[4][5][6]

The current Chief Justice (since September 2005) is John Roberts. The newest Associate justice is Elena Kagan, who became the 112th person to serve on the Court in August, 2010.^[7] One seat on the Court has been vacant since the February 13, 2016 death of Associate Justice Antonin Scalia.

The Supreme Court was created in 1789 by Article III of the United States Constitution, which stipulated that the "judicial Power of the United States, shall be vested in one supreme Court" together with any lower courts Congress may establish.^[3] Congress organized the Court that year with the passage of the Judiciary Act of 1789. It specified the Court's original and appellate jurisdiction, created thirteen judicial districts, and fixed the number of justices at six (one chief justice and five associate justices).^[8][9]

Since 1789, Congress has occasionally altered the size of the Supreme Court, historically in response to the country's own expansion in size. Membership was decreased in 1801 to five, then increased to seven members in 1807, to nine in 1837, and to ten in 1863. It was then reduced to seven in 1866. In 1869, Congress set the Court's size to nine members, where it has remained since.^[10]

While the justices of the Supreme Court are appointed for life, many have retired or resigned. Beginning in the early 20th century, many justices who left the Court voluntarily did so by retiring from the Court without leaving the federal judiciary altogether. A retired justice, according to the United States Code, is no longer a member of the Supreme Court, but remains eligible to serve by designation as a judge of a U.S. Court of Appeals or District Court, and many retired justices have served in these capacities.

Historically, the average length of service on the Court has been less than 15 years. However, since 1970 the average length of service has increased to about 26 years.^[11]

Current Justices of the Supreme Court

There are currently eight justices serving on the Supreme Court; one seat has been vacant since the February 13, 2016 death of Associate Justice Antonin Scalia. The court is composed of:

• 

  John Roberts,
  Chief Justice
  since 2005

• 

  Anthony Kennedy,
  Associate Justice
  since 1988
• 

  Clarence Thomas,
  Associate Justice
  since 1991
• 

  Ruth Bader Ginsburg,
  Associate Justice
  since 1993
• 

  Stephen Breyer,
  Associate Justice
  since 1994

• 

  Samuel Alito,
  Associate Justice
  since 2006
• 

  Sonia Sotomayor,
  Associate Justice
  since 2009
• 

  Elena Kagan,
  Associate Justice
  since 2010

All Justices of the Supreme Court

Since the Supreme Court was established in 1789, 112 persons have served on the Court. Five individuals in this group were confirmed for associate justice, and later confirmed for chief justice separately. While listed twice, each of them has been assigned only one index number. The justices of the Supreme Court are:^[12][13]

Justice		State[lower-alpha 1]	Position	Replacing	Date confirmed (Vote)	Tenure	Tenure length	Appointed by
1	John Jay (1745–1829)	NY	Chief Justice	New seat	September 26, 1789 (Acclamation)	September 26, 1789 – June 29, 1795 (Resigned)	5 years, 276 days	George Washington
2	John Rutledge (1739–1800)	SC	Associate Justice	New seat	September 26, 1789 (Acclamation)	September 26, 1789 – March 4, 1791 (Resigned)	1 year, 159 days
3	William Cushing (1732–1810)	MA	Associate Justice	New seat	September 26, 1789 (Acclamation)	September 27, 1789 – September 13, 1810 (Died)	20 years, 351 days
4	James Wilson (1742–1798)	PA	Associate Justice	New seat	September 26, 1789 (Acclamation)	September 29, 1789 – August 21, 1798 (Died)	8 years, 326 days
5	John Blair (1732–1800)	VA	Associate Justice	New seat	September 26, 1789 (Acclamation)	September 30, 1789 – October 25, 1795 (Resigned)	6 years, 25 days
6	James Iredell (1751–1799)	NC	Associate Justice	New seat	February 10, 1790 (Acclamation)	May 12, 1790 – October 20, 1799 (Died)	9 years, 161 days
7	Thomas Johnson (1732–1819)	MD	Associate Justice	J. Rutledge	November 7, 1791 (Acclamation)	August 5, 1792[lower-alpha 2][lower-alpha 3] – January 16, 1793 (Resigned)	164 days
8	William Paterson (1745–1806)	NJ	Associate Justice	T. Johnson	March 4, 1793 (Acclamation)	March 4, 1793 – September 8, 1806 (Died)	13 years, 188 days
2 [lower-alpha 4]	John Rutledge (1739–1800)	SC	Chief Justice	Jay	December 15, 1795 (10–14)[lower-alpha 5]	June 30, 1795[lower-alpha 2] – December 28, 1795 (Resigned)	181 days
9	Samuel Chase[lower-alpha 6] (1741–1811)	MD	Associate Justice	Blair	January 27, 1796 (Acclamation)	January 27, 1796 – June 19, 1811 (Died)	15 years, 143 days
10	Oliver Ellsworth (1745–1807)	CT	Chief Justice	J. Rutledge	March 4, 1796 (21–1)	March 8, 1796 – December 15, 1800 (Resigned)	4 years, 282 days
11	Bushrod Washington (1762–1829)	VA	Associate Justice	Wilson	December 20, 1798 (Acclamation)	December 20, 1798 – November 26, 1829 (Died)	30 years, 341 days	John Adams
12	Alfred Moore (1755–1810)	NC	Associate Justice	Iredell	December 9, 1799 (Acclamation)	December 10, 1799 – January 26, 1804 (Resigned)	4 years, 47 days
13	John Marshall (1755–1835)	VA	Chief Justice	Ellsworth	January 27, 1801 (Acclamation)	February 4, 1801 – July 6, 1835 (died)	34 years, 152 days
14	William Johnson (1771–1834)	SC	Associate Justice	Moore	March 24, 1804 (Acclamation)	May 7, 1804 – August 4, 1834 (Died)	30 years, 89 days	Thomas Jefferson
15	Henry Brockholst Livingston (1757–1823)	NY	Associate Justice	Paterson	December 17, 1806 (Acclamation)	January 20, 1807 – March 18, 1823 (Died)	16 years, 57 days
16	Thomas Todd (1765–1826)	KY	Associate Justice	New seat	March 2, 1807 (Acclamation)	March 3, 1807 – February 7, 1826 (Died)	18 years, 341 days
17	Gabriel Duvall (1752–1844)	MD	Associate Justice	S. Chase	November 18, 1811 (Acclamation)	November 23, 1811 – January 12, 1835 (Resigned)	23 years, 50 days	James Madison
18	Joseph Story (1779–1845)	MA	Associate Justice	Cushing	November 18, 1811 (Acclamation)	February 3, 1812 – September 10, 1845 (Died)	33 years, 219 days
19	Smith Thompson (1768–1843)	NY	Associate Justice	Livingston	December 9, 1823 (Acclamation)	September 1, 1823[lower-alpha 2] – December 18, 1843 (Died)	20 years, 108 days	James Monroe
20	Robert Trimble (1776–1828)	KY	Associate Justice	Todd	May 9, 1826 (25-5)	May 9, 1826 – August 25, 1828 (Died)	2 years, 108 days	John Quincy Adams
21	John McLean (1785–1861)	OH	Associate Justice	Trimble	March 7, 1829 (Acclamation)	March 7, 1829 – April 4, 1861 (Died)	32 years, 28 days	Andrew Jackson
22	Henry Baldwin (1780–1844)	PA	Associate Justice	Washington	January 6, 1830 (41-2)	January 6, 1830 – April 21, 1844 (Died)	14 years, 106 days
23	James Moore Wayne (1790–1867)	GA	Associate Justice	W. Johnson	January 9, 1835 (Acclamation)	January 14, 1835 – July 5, 1867 (Died)	32 years, 172 days
24	Roger B. Taney (1777–1864)	MD	Chief Justice	J. Marshall	March 15, 1836 (29–15)	March 28, 1836 – October 12, 1864 (Died)	28 years, 198 days
25	Philip Pendleton Barbour (1783–1841)	VA	Associate Justice	Duvall	March 15, 1836 (30-11)	March 15, 1836 – February 25, 1841 (Died)	4 years, 347 days
26	John Catron (1786–1865)	TN	Associate Justice	New seat	March 8, 1837 (28-15)	March 8, 1837 – May 30, 1865 (Died)	28 years, 83 days
27	John McKinley (1780–1852)	AL	Associate Justice	New seat	September 25, 1837 (Acclamation)	April 22, 1837 – July 19, 1852 (Died)	15 years, 88 days	Martin Van Buren
28	Peter Vivian Daniel (1784–1860)	VA	Associate Justice	Barbour	March 2, 1841 (25-5)	March 3, 1841 – May 31, 1860 (Died)	19 years, 89 days
29	Samuel Nelson (1792–1873)	NY	Associate Justice	Thompson	February 14, 1845 (Acclamation)	February 14, 1845 – November 28, 1872 (Retired)	27 years, 288 days	John Tyler
30	Levi Woodbury (1789–1851)	NH	Associate Justice	Story	January 31, 1846 (Acclamation)	September 20, 1845[lower-alpha 2] – September 4, 1851 (Died)	5 years, 349 days	James K. Polk
31	Robert Cooper Grier (1794–1870)	PA	Associate Justice	Baldwin	August 4, 1846 (Acclamation)	August 4, 1846 – January 31, 1870 (Retired)	23 years, 180 days
32	Benjamin Robbins Curtis (1809–1874)	MA	Associate Justice	Woodbury	December 20, 1851 (Acclamation)	September 22, 1851[lower-alpha 2] – September 30, 1857 (Resigned)	6 years, 8 days	Millard Fillmore
33	John Archibald Campbell (1811–1889)	AL	Associate Justice	McKinley	March 22, 1853 (Acclamation)	March 23, 1853 – April 30, 1861 (Resigned)	8 years, 38 days	Franklin Pierce
34	Nathan Clifford (1803–1881)	ME	Associate Justice	Curtis	January 12, 1858 (26-23)	January 12, 1858 – July 25, 1881 (Died)	23 years, 194 days	James Buchanan
35	Noah Haynes Swayne (1804–1884)	OH	Associate Justice	McLean	January 24, 1862 (38-1)	January 24, 1862 – January 24, 1881 (Retired)	19 years, 0 days	Abraham Lincoln
36	Samuel Freeman Miller (1816–1890)	IA	Associate Justice	Daniel	July 16, 1862 (Acclamation)	July 16, 1862 – October 13, 1890 (Died)	28 years, 89 days
37	David Davis (1815–1886)	IL	Associate Justice	Campbell	December 8, 1862 (Acclamation)	October 17, 1862[lower-alpha 2] – March 3, 1877 (Resigned)	14 years, 137 days
38	Stephen Johnson Field (1816–1899)	CA	Associate Justice	New seat	March 10, 1863 (Acclamation)	March 10, 1863 – December 1, 1897 (Retired)	34 years, 266 days
39	Salmon P. Chase (1808–1873)	OH	Chief Justice	Tanney	December 6, 1864 (Acclamation)	December 15, 1864 – May 7, 1873 (Died)	8 years, 152 days
40	William Strong (1808–1895)	PA	Associate Justice	Grier	February 18, 1870 (No vote recorded)	February 18, 1870 – December 14, 1880 (Retired)	10 years, 300 days	Ulysses S. Grant
41	Joseph Philo Bradley (1813–1892)	NJ	Associate Justice	New seat	March 21, 1870 (46-9)	March 21, 1870 – January 22, 1892 (Died)	21 years, 307 days
42	Ward Hunt (1810–1886)	NY	Associate Justice	Nelson	December 11, 1872 (Acclamation)	December 11, 1872 – January 27, 1882 (Retired)	9 years, 47 days
43	Morrison Waite (1816–1888)	OH	Chief Justice	S. P. Chase	January 21, 1874 (63–0)	March 4, 1874 – March 23, 1888 (Died)	14 years, 19 days
44	John Marshall Harlan (1833–1911)	KY	Associate Justice	Davis	November 29, 1877 (Acclamation)	November 29, 1877 – October 14, 1911 (Died)	33 years, 319 days	Rutherford B. Hayes
45	William Burnham Woods (1824–1887)	GA	Associate Justice	Strong	December 21, 1880 (39-8)	December 21, 1880 – May 14, 1887 (Died)	6 years, 144 days
46	Stanley Matthews (1824–1889)	OH	Associate Justice	Swayne	May 12, 1881 (24-23)	May 12, 1881 – March 22, 1889 (Died)	7 years, 314 days	James Garfield
47	Horace Gray (1828–1902)	MA	Associate Justice	Clifford	December 20, 1881 (51-5)	December 20, 1881 – September 15, 1902 (Died)	20 years, 269 days	Chester A. Arthur
48	Samuel Blatchford (1820–1893)	NY	Associate Justice	Hunt	March 22, 1882 (Acclamation)	March 22, 1882 – July 7, 1893 (Died)	11 years, 107 days
49	Lucius Quintus Cincinnatus Lamar II (1825–1893)	MS	Associate Justice	Woods	January 16, 1888 (32-28)	January 16, 1888 – January 23, 1893 (Died)	5 years, 7 days	Grover Cleveland
50	Melville Fuller (1833–1910)	IL	Chief Justice	Waite	July 20, 1888 (41–20)	October 8, 1888 – July 4, 1910 (Died)	21 years, 269 days
51	David Josiah Brewer (1837–1910)	KS	Associate Justice	Matthews	December 18, 1889 (53-11)	December 18, 1889 – March 28, 1910 (Died)	20 years, 100 days	Benjamin Harrison
52	Henry Billings Brown (1836–1913)	MI	Associate Justice	Miller	December 29, 1890 (Acclamation)	December 29, 1890 – May 28, 1906 (Retired)	15 years, 150 days
53	George Shiras, Jr. (1832–1924)	PA	Associate Justice	Bradley	July 26, 1892 (Acclamation)	July 26, 1892 – February 23, 1903 (Retired)	10 years, 212 days
54	Howell Edmunds Jackson (1832–1895)	TN	Associate Justice	L. Lamar	February 18, 1893 (Acclamation)	February 18, 1893 – August 8, 1895 (Died)	2 years, 171 days
55	Edward Douglass White (1845–1921)	LA	Associate Justice	Blatchford	February 19, 1894 (Acclamation)	February 19, 1894 – December 18, 1910 (Continued as chief justice)	16 years, 302 days	Grover Cleveland
56	Rufus Wheeler Peckham (1838–1909)	NY	Associate Justice	H. Jackson	December 9, 1895 (Acclamation)	December 9, 1895 – October 24, 1909 (Died)	13 years, 319 days
57	Joseph McKenna (1843–1926)	CA	Associate Justice[lower-alpha 7]	Field	January 21, 1898 (Acclamation)	January 21, 1898 – January 5, 1925 (Retired)	26 years, 350 days	William McKinley
58	Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. (1841–1935)	MA	Associate Justice[lower-alpha 8]	Gray	December 4, 1902 (Acclamation)	December 4, 1902 – January 12, 1932 (Retired)	29 years, 39 days	Theodore Roosevelt
59	William R. Day (1849–1923)	OH	Associate Justice	Shiras	February 23, 1903 (Acclamation)	February 23, 1903 – November 13, 1922 (Retired)	19 years, 263 days
60	William Henry Moody (1853–1917)	MA	Associate Justice	Brown	December 12, 1906 (Acclamation)	December 12, 1906 – November 20, 1910 (Retired)	3 years, 343 days
61	Horace Harmon Lurton (1844–1914)	TN	Associate Justice	Peckham	December 20, 1909 (Acclamation)	December 20, 1909 – July 12, 1914 (Died)	4 years, 204 days	William Howard Taft
62	Charles Evans Hughes (1862–1948)	NY	Associate Justice	Brewer	May 2, 1910 (Acclamation)	October 10, 1910 – June 10, 1916 (Resigned)	5 years, 244 days
55 [lower-alpha 9]	Edward Douglass White (1845–1921)	LA	Chief Justice	Fuller	December 12, 1910 (Acclamation)	December 19, 1910 – May 19, 1921 (Died)	10 years, 151 days
63	Willis Van Devanter (1859–1941)	WY	Associate Justice	E. D. White	December 15, 1910 (Acclamation)	December 16, 1910 – June 2, 1937 (Retired)	26 years, 168 days
64	Joseph Rucker Lamar (1857–1916)	GA	Associate Justice	Moody	December 15, 1910 (Acclamation)	December 17, 1910 – January 2, 1916 (Died)	5 years, 16 days
65	Mahlon Pitney (1858–1924)	NJ	Associate Justice	J. Harlan	March 13, 1912 (50-26)	March 13, 1912 – December 31, 1922 (Resigned)	10 years, 293 days
66	James Clark McReynolds (1862–1946)	TN	Associate Justice	Lurton	August 29, 1914 (44-6)	August 29, 1914 – January 31, 1941 (Retired)	26 years, 155 days	Woodrow Wilson
67	Louis Brandeis (1856–1941)	MA	Associate Justice	J. Lamar	June 1, 1916 (47-22)	June 1, 1916 – February 13, 1939 (Retired)	22 years, 257 days
68	John Hessin Clarke (1857–1945)	OH	Associate Justice	Hughes	July 24, 1916 (Acclamation)	July 24, 1916 – September 5, 1922 (Retired)	6 years, 43 days
69	William Howard Taft (1857–1930)	CT	Chief Justice	E. D. White	June 30, 1921 (Acclamation)	July 11, 1921 – February 3, 1930 (Retired)	8 years, 207 days	Warren G. Harding
70	George Sutherland (1862–1942)	UT	Associate Justice	Clarke	September 5, 1922 (Acclamation)	September 5, 1922 – January 17, 1938 (Retired)	15 years, 134 days
71	Pierce Butler (1866–1939)	MN	Associate Justice	Day	December 21, 1922 (61-8)	December 21, 1922 – November 16, 1939 (Died)	16 years, 330 days
72	Edward Terry Sanford (1865–1930)	TN	Associate Justice	Pitney	January 29, 1923 (Acclamation)	January 29, 1923 – March 8, 1930 (Died)	7 years, 38 days
73	Harlan F. Stone (1872–1946)	NY	Associate Justice[lower-alpha 10]	McKenna	February 5, 1925 (71-6)	February 5, 1925 – July 3, 1941 (Continued as chief justice)	16 years, 148 days	Calvin Coolidge
62 [lower-alpha 4]	Charles Evans Hughes (1862–1948)	NY	Chief Justice	Taft	February 13, 1930 (52–26)	February 24, 1930 – June 30, 1941 (Retired)	11 years, 126 days	Herbert Hoover
74	Owen Josephus Roberts (1875–1955)	PA	Associate Justice	Sanford	May 20, 1930 (Acclamation)	May 20, 1930 – July 31, 1945 (Resigned)	15 years, 72 days
75	Benjamin N. Cardozo (1870–1938)	NY	Associate Justice	Holmes	February 24, 1932 (Acclamation)	March 2, 1932 – July 9, 1938 (Died)	6 years, 129 days
76	Hugo Black (1886–1971)	AL	Associate Justice[lower-alpha 11]	Van Devanter	August 17, 1937 (63-16)	August 18, 1937 – September 17, 1971 (Retired)	34 years, 30 days	Franklin D. Roosevelt
77	Stanley Forman Reed (1884–1980)	KY	Associate Justice	Sutherland	January 25, 1938 (Acclamation)	January 27, 1938 – February 25, 1957 (Retired)	19 years, 29 days
78	Felix Frankfurter (1882–1965)	MA	Associate Justice	Cardozo	January 17, 1939 (Acclamation)	January 20, 1939 – August 28, 1962 (Retired)	23 years, 220 days
79	William O. Douglas (1898–1980)	CT	Associate Justice	Brandeis	April 4, 1939 (62-4)	April 15, 1939 – November 12, 1975 (Retired)	36 years, 211 days
80	Frank Murphy (1890–1949)	MI	Associate Justice	Butler	January 16, 1940 (Acclamation)	January 18, 1940 – July 19, 1949 (Died)	9 years, 182 days
73 [lower-alpha 9]	Harlan F. Stone (1872–1946)	NY	Chief Justice	Hughes	June 27, 1941 (Acclamation)	July 3, 1941 – April 22, 1946 (Died)	4 years, 293 days
81	James F. Byrnes (1882–1972)	SC	Associate Justice	McReynolds	June 12, 1941 (Acclamation)	July 8, 1941 – October 3, 1942 (Resigned)	1 year, 87 days
82	Robert H. Jackson (1892–1954)	NY	Associate Justice	Stone	July 7, 1941 (Acclamation)	July 11, 1941 – October 9, 1954 (Died)	13 years, 90 days
83	Wiley Blount Rutledge (1894–1949)	IA	Associate Justice	Byrnes	February 8, 1943 (Acclamation)	February 11, 1943 – September 10, 1949 (Died)	6 years, 211 days
84	Harold Hitz Burton (1888–1964)	OH	Associate Justice	O. Roberts	September 19, 1945 (Acclamation)	September 22, 1945 – October 13, 1958 (Retired)	13 years, 21 days	Harry S. Truman
85	Fred M. Vinson (1890–1953)	KY	Chief Justice	Stone	June 20, 1946 (Acclamation)	June 24, 1946 – September 8, 1953 (Died)	7 years, 76 days
86	Tom C. Clark (1899–1977)	TX	Associate Justice	Murphy	August 18, 1949 (73-8)	August 19, 1949 – June 12, 1967 (Retired)	17 years, 297 days
87	Sherman Minton (1890–1965)	IN	Associate Justice	W. Rutledge	October 4, 1949 (48-16)	October 12, 1949 – October 15, 1956 (Retired)	7 years, 3 days
88	Earl Warren (1891–1974)	CA	Chief Justice	Vinson	March 1, 1954 (Acclamtion)	October 5, 1953[lower-alpha 2] – June 23, 1969 (Retired)	15 years, 261 days	Dwight D. Eisenhower
89	John Marshall Harlan II (1899–1971)	NY	Associate Justice	R. Jackson	March 16, 1955 (71-11)	March 17, 1955 – September 23, 1971 (Retired)	16 years, 190 days
90	William J. Brennan (1906–1997)	NJ	Associate Justice	Minton	March 19, 1957 (Acclamation)	October 15, 1956[lower-alpha 2] – July 20, 1990 (Retired)	33 years, 278 days
91	Charles Evans Whittaker (1901–1973)	MO	Associate Justice	Reed	March 19, 1957 (Acclamation)	March 22, 1957 – March 31, 1962 (Resigned)	5 years, 9 days
92	Potter Stewart (1915–1985)	OH	Associate Justice	Burton	May 5, 1959 (70-17)	October 14, 1958[lower-alpha 2] – July 3, 1981 (Retired)	22 years, 262 days
93	Byron White (1917–2002)	CO	Associate Justice	Whittaker	April 11, 1962 (Acclamation)	April 16, 1962 – June 28, 1993 (Retired)	31 years, 73 days	John F. Kennedy
94	Arthur Goldberg (1908–1990)	IL	Associate Justice	Frankfurter	September 25, 1962 (Acclamation)	September 28, 1962 – July 26, 1965 (Resigned)	2 years, 301 days
95	Abe Fortas (1910–1982)	TN	Associate Justice	Goldberg	August 11, 1965 (Acclamation)	October 4, 1965 – May 14, 1969 (Resigned)	3 years, 222 days	Lyndon B. Johnson
96	Thurgood Marshall (1908–1993)	NY	Associate Justice	Clark	August 30, 1967 (69-11)	October 2, 1967 – October 1, 1991 (Retired)	23 years, 364 days
97	Warren E. Burger (1907–1995)	VA	Chief Justice	Warren	June 9, 1969 (74–3)	June 23, 1969 – September 26, 1986 (Retired)	17 years, 95 days	Richard Nixon
98	Harry Blackmun (1908–1999)	MN	Associate Justice	Fortas	May 12, 1970 (94-0)	June 9, 1970 – August 3, 1994 (Retired)	24 years, 55 days
99	Lewis Franklin Powell, Jr. (1907–1998)	VA	Associate Justice	Black	December 6, 1971 (89-1)	January 7, 1972 – June 26, 1987 (Retired)	15 years, 170 days
100	William Rehnquist (1924–2005)	AZ	Associate Justice	J. Harlan II	December 10, 1971 (68-26)	January 7, 1972 – September 26, 1986 (Continued as chief justice)	14 years, 262 days
101	John Paul Stevens (born 1920)	IL	Associate Justice[lower-alpha 12]	Douglas	December 17, 1975 (98-0)	December 19, 1975 – June 29, 2010 (Retired)	35 years, 127 days	Gerald Ford
102	Sandra Day O'Connor (born 1930)	AZ	Associate Justice	Stewart	September 21, 1981 (99-0)	September 25, 1981 – January 31, 2006 (Retired)	24 years, 128 days	Ronald Reagan
100 [lower-alpha 9]	William Rehnquist (1924–2005)	VA	Chief Justice	Burger	September 17, 1986 (65–33)	September 26, 1986 – September 3, 2005 (Died)	18 years, 342 days
103	Antonin Scalia (1936–2016)	VA	Associate Justice	Rehnquist	September 17, 1986 (98-0)	September 26, 1986 – February 13, 2016 (Died)	29 years, 140 days
104	Anthony Kennedy (born 1936)	CA	Associate Justice	Powell	February 3, 1988 (97-0)	February 18, 1988 – Incumbent	28 years, 293 days
105	David Souter (born 1939)	NH	Associate Justice	Brennan	October 2, 1990 (90-9)	October 9, 1990 – June 29, 2009 (Retired)	18 years, 263 days	George H. W. Bush
106	Clarence Thomas (born 1948)	GA	Associate Justice	T. Marshall	October 15, 1991 (52-48)	October 23, 1991 – Incumbent	25 years, 45 days
107	Ruth Bader Ginsburg (born 1933)	NY	Associate Justice	B. White	August 3, 1993 (96-3)	August 10, 1993 – Incumbent	23 years, 119 days	Bill Clinton
108	Stephen Breyer (born 1938)	MA	Associate Justice	Blackmun	July 29, 1994 (87-9)	August 3, 1994 – Incumbent	22 years, 126 days
109	John Roberts (born 1955)	MD	Chief Justice	Rehnquist	September 29, 2005 (78–22)	September 29, 2005 – Incumbent	11 years, 69 days	George W. Bush
110	Samuel Alito (born 1950)	NJ	Associate Justice	O'Connor	January 31, 2006 (58-42)	January 31, 2006 – Incumbent	10 years, 311 days
111	Sonia Sotomayor (born 1954)	NY	Associate Justice	Souter	August 6, 2009 (68-31)	August 8, 2009 – Incumbent	7 years, 121 days	Barack Obama
112	Elena Kagan (born 1960)	MA	Associate Justice	Stevens	August 5, 2010 (63-37)	August 7, 2010 – Incumbent	6 years, 122 days
Justice		State[lower-alpha 1]	Position	Replacing	Date confirmed (Vote)	Tenure	Tenure length	Appointed by

Notes

1. State of residence at the time of appointment. For example, In 1971, Rehnquist was appointed from Arizona, but in 1986, when elevated to chief justice, he was appointed from Virginia.^[14]
2. Recess appointment
3. Received recess appointment on August 5, 1791, but was not sworn in until August 6, 1792.
4. Served on the Supreme Court twice, first as associate justice and then, after a period of years off the Court, as chief justice, which is why this justice is listed twice.
5. This was the first Supreme Court nomination to be rejected by the Senate. Rutledge remains the only "recess appointed" justice not to be subsequently confirmed by the Senate.
6. Was impeached, but not convicted, and remained in office.
7. Acted as chief justice under 36 Stat. 1152, May 19 – July 11, 1921.
8. Acted as chief justice under 36 Stat. 1152, February 3–24, 1930.
9. Elevated from associate justice to chief justice while serving on the Supreme Court. The nomination of a sitting associate justice to be chief justice is subject to a separate confirmation process, which is why this justice is listed twice.
10. Acted as chief justice under 36 Stat. 1152, June 30 – July 3, 1941.
11. Acted as chief justice under 36 Stat. 1152, April 22 – June 24, 1946, and again, under 62 Stat. 869, September 8 – October 5, 1953.
12. Acted as chief justice under 28 U.S.C. § 3, September 3–29, 2005.

Timelines

All justices

The graphic below is a timeline depicting the progression of the justices in the United States Supreme Court. Information regarding their seat number, predecessors, successors and fellow justices, as well as their tenure on the court can be gleaned from the timeline. Additionally, the progression of presidents (with the number of justices they nominated) is shown at the top of the timeline to give a more detailed historical context. Three presidents (Taft, F. Roosevelt, and Reagan), in addition to successfully nominating several justices to the court, elevated an associate justice to chief justice. These elevations are counted as nominations, and are designated with a caret(^). Several justices began their terms on the bench after the inauguration of a new president.

This graphical representation of the progression of the High Court allows some otherwise obscure information to be easily noted. For example, Joseph Story (in the early 19th century) and Stephen Breyer (in the late 20th and early 21st centuries) are each noteworthy for serving over 11 years as the court's most junior member. Samuel Blatchford (in the 1880s) served the third longest as the court's most junior member at less than 6 years. Thomas Johnson (1790s), Robert Trimble (1820s) and Arthur Goldberg (1960s) are the only justices to leave the court while still being the court's most junior member. William Rehnquist is unique in that he is the only justice to witness all of his more senior justices leave the court, without witnessing any of his more junior justices leave the court. Hugo Black, in addition to witnessing all eight of his predecessors leave the court, saw 22 new members appointed to the court (his predecessors' eight replacements and 14 others), meaning he worked beside a record thirty justices.

Current justices

See also

Supreme Court of the United States

• List of Justices of the Supreme Court of the United States by court composition
• List of law schools attended by United States Supreme Court Justices
• List of Justices of the Supreme Court of the United States by seat
• List of United States Supreme Court Justices by time in office
• List of law clerks of the Supreme Court of the United States
• List of nominations to the Supreme Court of the United States
• Unsuccessful nominations to the Supreme Court of the United States

Other

• List of national supreme courts

References

1. Stathis, Stephen W. (2014). Landmark Legislation 1774-2012: Major U.S. Acts and Treaties. CQ Press. p. 122.
2. Hall, Kermit L. (2005). "Judiciary Act of 1869". In Hall, Kermit L.; Ely, James W.; Grossman, Joel B. The Oxford Companion to the Supreme Court of the United States. Oxford University Press. p. 548.
3. "Article III". Cornell University Law School. Retrieved February 17, 2010.
4. Mears, Bill (January 1, 2010). "Chief Justice Roberts has little to say at year's end". CNN. Retrieved February 17, 2010.
5. Barnes, Robert (January 1, 2010). "Supreme Court Chief Justice Roberts opts not to ask Congress to raise judicial salaries". The Washington Post. Retrieved February 17, 2010.
6. Rowley, James (January 13, 2014). "Federal Judges in U.S. See $25,000 More as Salary Freeze Falls". Bloomberg. Retrieved May 28, 2014.
7. "Elena Kagan sworn in by Roberts to become 112th Supreme Court Justice". Los Angeles Times. August 7, 2010. Retrieved August 7, 2010.
8. "About The Supreme Court". Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts. Retrieved February 17, 2010.
9. "Supreme Court Research Guide". Georgetown Law Library. Retrieved February 17, 2010.
10. Smith, Jean Edward (July 26, 2007). "Stacking the Court". The New York Times. Retrieved February 17, 2010.
11. Rosen, Jeffrey (February 26, 2008). "Dems' Choices For Bench Surprisingly Slim". CBS News. Retrieved February 17, 2010.
12. "U.S. Senate: Supreme Court Nominations: 1789-Present". www.senate.gov. United States Senate. Retrieved November 11, 2016.
13. "Timeline of the Justices". www.supremecourthistory.org. Supreme Court Historical Society. Retrieved November 11, 2016.
14. "Members of the Supreme Court of the United States". www.supremecourt.gov. United States Supreme Court. Retrieved November 14, 2016.

External links