United States House of Representatives elections, 1810

United States House of Representatives elections, 1810

April 24, 1810 - August 2, 1811[Note 1]

All 143[Note 2] seats to the United States House of Representatives 72 seats were needed for a majority   Majority party Minority party   Leader Henry Clay Timothy Pitkin Party Democratic-Republican Federalist Leader's seat Kentucky-3rd Connecticut-AL Last election 94 seats 48 seats Seats won 107[Note 2] 36 Seat change 13 12

Speaker before election Joseph Bradley Varnum Democratic-Republican Elected Speaker Henry Clay Democratic-Republican

Elections to the United States House of Representatives for the 12th Congress were held in the various states at various dates between April 1810 (in New York) and August 1811 (in Tennessee). Louisiana elected its first representative in September 1812. Congress assembled on November 4, 1811. The first session witnessed the unprecedented occurrence of a new member, Henry Clay, being elected Speaker of the House on the very first day that he entered the chamber.^{[Note 3]} No other individual has ever repeated this feat.

With the repeal of the Embargo Act of 1807, the Democratic-Republicans enjoyed a renewed popularity. As the economy improved following the reopening of the export market, many of the seats that had entered Federalist hands over economic concerns reverted to the Democratic-Republicans, who were able to re-claim the two-thirds majority they lost in the previous election.

Election summaries

One new seat was added with the admission of Louisiana in 1812, during the 2nd session of the 12th Congress^[1]

↓

107	36
Democratic-Republican	Federalist

State	Type	Date	Total seats	Democratic- Republican	Federalist
				Seats	Change	Seats	Change
Connecticut	At-large	September 17, 1810	7	0		7
Delaware	At-large	October 2, 1810	1	0		1
Georgia	At-large	October 1, 1810	4	4		0
Kentucky	District (6)	August 6, 1810	6	6		0
Maryland	District (8[Note 4])	October 1, 1810	9	6		3
Massachusetts	District (17)	November 5, 1810[Note 5]	17	9	2	8	2
New Hampshire	At-large	August 27, 1810[Note 6]	5	4	4	1	4
New Jersey	At-large	October 8–9, 1810	6	6		0
New York	District (15[Note 7])	April 24–26, 1810	17	12	3	5	3
North Carolina	District (12)	August 9, 1810	12	10	1	2	1
Ohio	At-large	October 9, 1810	1	1		0
Pennsylvania	District (11[Note 8])	October 9, 1810	18	17	1	1	1
Rhode Island	At-large	August 28, 1810	2	0		2
South Carolina	District (8)	October 8–9, 1810	8	8		0
Vermont	District (4)	November 4, 1810	4	3	2	1	2
1811 elections
Tennessee	District (3)	August 1–2, 1811	3	3		0
Virginia	District (22)	April, 1811	22	17		5
1812 elections
Louisiana	At-large	September 28–30, 1812	1	1	1	0
Total[Note 2]			143	107 74.8%	14	36 25.2%	13

House seats
D-R			74.83%
Federalist			25.17%

Complete returns

Louisiana elected its first representative in 1812.

Connecticut

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
Connecticut at-large 7 seats on a general ticket	Benjamin Tallmadge	Federalist	1801 (special)	Re-elected	Lewis B. Sturges (F) 14.8% Jonathan O. Moseley (F) 13.9% Benjamin Tallmadge (F) 13.8% Epaphroditus Champion (F) 13.6% Timothy Pitkin (F) 12.2% Lyman Law (F) 11.0% John Davenport (F) 8.4% Ebenezer Huntington[Note 9] (F) 3.9% Samuel B. Sherwood (F) 3.2% Nathan Smith (F) 2.0% Nathaniel Terry (F) 1.2% Sylvanus Backus (F) 1.0%Sylvester Gilbert (F) 0.3% John Caldwell (F) 0.3% Uriel Holmes (F) 0.2% Asa Bacon, Jr. (F) 0.2%
	Jonathan O. Moseley	Federalist	1804	Re-elected
	Epaphroditus Champion	Federalist	1806	Re-elected
	Timothy Pitkin	Federalist	1805 (special)	Re-elected
	Lewis B. Sturges	Federalist	1805 (special)	Re-elected
	John Davenport	Federalist	1798	Re-elected
	Previous incumbent Samuel W. Dana (F) resigned to accept appointment to the Senate			Federalist hold

At the same time as the general election, a special election was held to fill the vacancy left by Dana's resignation, which was won by Ebenezer Huntington (F).

Delaware

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
Delaware at-large	Nicholas Van Dyke	Federalist	1807 (Special)	Retired Federalist hold	Henry M. Ridgely (F) 50.1% Richard Dale (DR) 49.9%

Georgia

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
Georgia at-large 4 seats on a general ticket	Howell Cobb	Democratic-Republican	1806	Re-elected	William W. Bibb (DR) 24.4% George M. Troup (DR) 22.7% Howell Cobb (DR) 16.9% Bolling Hall (DR) 12.6% Elijah Clarke (DR) 10.7% John Forsyth (DR) 9.1% James Elliot (F) 3.6%
	George M. Troup	Democratic-Republican	1806	Re-elected
	Dennis Smelt	Democratic-Republican	1806 (special)	Retired Democratic-Republican hold
	William W. Bibb	Democratic-Republican	1806	Re-elected

At some point in 1812, Howell Cobb resigned to accept a captain's commission in the army in the War of 1812. He was replaced in a special election on October 5, 1812 by William Barnett (DR).^[2]

Kentucky

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
Kentucky 1	Matthew Lyon	Democratic-Republican	1796[Note 10] 1803	Lost re-election Democratic-Republican hold	Anthony New (DR) 60.3% Matthew Lyon (DR) 39.7%
Kentucky 2	Samuel McKee	Democratic-Republican	1808	Re-elected	Samuel McKee (DR) 100%
Kentucky 3	Henry Crist	Democratic-Republican	1808	Retired Democratic-Republican hold	Stephen Ormsby[Note 11] (DR) Philip Quinton
Kentucky 4	Richard M. Johnson	Democratic-Republican	1806	Re-elected	Richard M. Johnson[Note 11] (DR) John S. Hunter
Kentucky 5	Previous incumbent Benjamin Howard (DR) had resigned his seat in the House April 10, 1810 after being named Governor of Louisiana Territory			Democratic-Republican hold	Henry Clay (DR) 100%
Kentucky 6	Joseph Desha	Democratic-Republican	1806	Re-elected	Joseph Desha (DR) 100%

At the same time as the general election, a special election was held in the 5th district to fill the vacancy for the remainder of the 11th Congress, which was won by William T. Barry (DR) without opposition.

Maryland

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates[Note 12]
Maryland 1	John Campbell	Federalist	1801	Retired Federalist hold	Philip Stuart (F) 98.3% John Parnham (DR) 1.1%
Maryland 2	Archibald Van Horne	Democratic-Republican	1806	Retired Democratic-Republican hold	Joseph Kent (DR) 56.4% John F. Mercer (F) 43.6%
Maryland 3	Philip Barton Key	Federalist	1806	Re-elected	Philip Barton Key (F) 100%
Maryland 4	Previous incumbent Roger Nelson (DR) resigned May 14, 1810			Democratic-Republican hold	Samuel Ringgold[Note 9] (DR) 95.7% Benjamin Galloway (F) 2.0%
Maryland 5 Plural district with 2 seats	Nicholas R. Moore	Democratic-Republican	1803	Lost re-election Democratic-Republican hold	Alexander McKim (DR) 27.7% Peter Little (DR) 25.7% Nicholas R. Moore (DR) 24.4% Joshua Barney (DR) 22.2%
	Alexander McKim	Democratic-Republican	1808	Re-elected
Maryland 6	John Montgomery	Democratic-Republican	1806	Re-elected	John Montgomery (DR) 98.1% Thomas G. Moffit 1.7%
Maryland 7	John Brown	Democratic-Republican	1808	Re-elected	John Brown (DR) 99.7%
Maryland 8	Charles Goldsborough	Federalist	1804	Re-elected	Charles Goldsborough (F) 72.3% Thomas Williams (DR) 27.5%

John Montgomery (DR) of the 6th district resigned April 29, 1811 and was replaced in a special election by Stevenson Archer (DR)

Shortly after being re-elected, John Brown (DR) of the 7th district resigned in late October to take up an appointment as clerk of the county court of Queen Anne's County, producing vacancies for both the remainder of the 11th Congress and for the upcoming 12th Congress. A special election was held on November 15 to fill both vacancies, with a single ballot for both.

Massachusetts

Massachusetts' electoral law at the time required a majority for election. This was not met in the 15th district necessitating a second election.

District		Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates[Note 12]
						First ballot	Second ballot
Massachusetts 1 Known as the Suffolk district		Josiah Quincy	Federalist	1804	Re-elected	Josiah Quincy (F) 68.9% David Tilden (DR) 31.1%
Massachusetts 2 Known as the Essex South district		Benjamin Pickman, Jr.	Federalist	1808	Retired Federalist hold	William Reed (F) 53.6% Daniel Kilham (DR) 46.4%
Massachusetts 3 Known as the Essex North district		Edward St. Loe Livermore	Federalist	1806	Retired Federalist hold	Leonard White (F) 62.6% Thomas Kitteridge (DR) 33.5% Nehemiah Cleveland (F) 3.9%
Massachusetts 4 Known as the Middlesex district		Joseph Bradley Varnum	Democratic-Republican	1794	Re-elected	Joseph Bradley Varnum (DR) 69.2% Loammi Baldwin, Jr. (F) 30.8%
Massachusetts 5 Known as the Hampshire South district		William Ely	Federalist	1804	Re-elected	William Ely (F) 70.4% Samuel Fowler (DR) 29.0%
Massachusetts 6 Known as the Hampshire North district		Samuel Taggart	Federalist	1803	Re-elected	Samuel Taggart (F) 72.1% Solomon Snead (DR) 27.9%
Massachusetts 7 Known as Called the Plymouth district		Charles Turner, Jr.	Democratic-Republican	1808	Re-elected	Charles Turner, Jr. (DR) 53.5% William Baylies (F) 46.5%
Massachusetts 8 Known as the Barnstable district		Gideon Gardner	Democratic-Republican	1808	Retired Democratic-Republican hold	Isaiah L. Green (DR) 57.1% Francis Rotch (F) 42.7%
Massachusetts 9 Known as the Bristol district		Laban Wheaton	Federalist	1808	Re-elected	Laban Wheaton (F) 51.8% Nathaniel Morton (DR) 48.0%
Massachusetts 10 Known as the Worcester South district		Previous incumbent Jabez Upham (F) resigned in 1810			Federalist hold	Elijah Brigham (F) 53.5% John Spurr (DR) 46.4%
Massachusetts 11 Known as the Worcester North district		Previous incumbent William Stedman (F) resigned July 16, 1810			Federalist hold	Abijah Bigelow (F) 70.6% Timothy Whiting (DR) 28.5%
Massachusetts 12 Known as the Berkshire district		Ezekiel Bacon	Democratic-Republican	1807 (special)	Re-elected	Ezekiel Bacon (DR) 56.1% Thomas Ives (DR) 43.9%
Massachusetts 13 Known as the Norfolk district		Ebenezer Seaver	Democratic-Republican	1803	Re-elected	Ebenezer Seaver (DR) 63.2% Timothy Jackson (F) 21.2% James Richardson 10.2% James Mann 4.2% Others 1.2%
District of Maine	Massachusetts 14 Known as the York district	Richard Cutts	Democratic-Republicans	1801	Re-elected	Richard Cutts (DR) 62.7% Cyrus King (F) 37.3%
	Massachusetts 15 Known as the Cumberland district	Ezekiel Whitman	Federalist	1808	Lost re-election Democratic-Republican gain	Ezekiel Whitman[Note 13] (F) 47.8% William Widgery[Note 13] (DR) 47.8% Others 4.4%	William Widgery (DR) 53.2% Ezekiel Whitman (F) 46.8%
	Massachusetts 16 Known as the Lincoln district	Orchard Cook	Democratic-Republican	1804	Retired Democratic-Republican hold	Peleg Tallman (DR) 61.1% Alden Bradford (F) 38.9%
	Massachusetts 17 Known as the Kennebec district	Barzillai Gannett	Democratic-Republican	1808	Re-elected	Barzillai Gannett (DR) 60.5% Thomas Rice (F) 39.5%

In the 4th district, Joseph Bradley Varnum (DR) resigned from the House upon being elected to the Senate on June 29, 1811 and was replaced in a special election by William M. Richardson (DR)

In the 17th district, Barzillai Gannett (DR) resigned sometime in 1812 and was replaced in a special election by Francis Carr (DR)

New Hampshire

New Hampshire's electoral law required a candidate to receive votes from a majority of voters (10%). In the initial election, only two candidates won a majority, so a second election was held for the remaining three seats. The data from the source used give majorities to all the top five candidates, suggesting that the data are incomplete.

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
					First ballot	Second ballot
New Hampshire at-large 5 seats on a general ticket	Daniel Blaisdell	Federalist	1808	Lost re-election Democratic-Republican gain	Josiah Bartlett, Jr. (DR) 10.2% Samuel Dinsmoor (DR) 10.1% George Sullivan (F) 10.1% William Hale (F) 10.1% Roger Vose (F) 10.0% Daniel Blaisdell (F) 10.0% Obed Hall (DR) 10.0% John Adams Harper (DR) 9.9% James Wilson (F) 9.8% David Morrill (DR) 9.8%	John Adams Harper (DR) 21.2% Obed Hall (DR) 21.2% George Sullivan (F) 19.2% William Hale (F) 19.1% Daniel Blaisdell (F) 18.9% Roger Vose (F) 0.3%
	John Curtis Chamberlain	Federalist	1808	Retired Democratic-Republican gain
	William Hale	Federalist	1808	Lost re-election Democratic-Republican gain
	Nathaniel Appleton Haven	Federalist	1808	Retired Democratic-Republican gain
	James Wilson	Federalist	1808	Lost re-election Federalist hod

New Jersey

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates[Note 12]
New Jersey at-large 6 seats on a general ticket	Adam Boyd	Democratic-Republican	1803 1808 (special)	Re-elected	Adam Boyd (DR) 16.4% Lewis Condict (DR) 16.4% George C. Maxwell (DR) 16.4% Jacob Hufty (DR) 16.3% Thomas Newbold (DR) 16.3% James Morgan (DR) 16.1% Aaron Ogden (F) 0.6% William Coxe, Jr. (F) 0.4% John Neilson (F) 0.4% Richard Stockton (F) 0.3% Thomas Sinnickson (F) 0.2% John Beatty (F) 0.2%
	Thomas Newbold	Democratic-Republican	1806	Re-elected
	William Helms	Democratic-Republican	1800	Retired Federalist hold
	John A. Scudder	Democratic-Republican	1810 (special)	Retired Federalist hold
	Henry Southard	Democratic-Republican	1800	Retired Federalist hold
	Jacob Hufty	Democratic-Republican	1808	Re-elected

The Federalists ran no official ticket in 1810, but votes were received for various Federalists in some counties.^[3]

New York

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
New York 1	Samuel Riker	Democratic-Republican	1806	Retired Democratic-Republican hold	Ebenezer Sage (DR) 93.5% David Gardiner (F) 6.5%
New York 2 Plural district with 2 seats	Gurdon S. Mumford	Democratic-Republican	1804 (Special)	Retired Democratic-Republican hold	Samuel L. Mitchill[Note 9] (DR) 26.4% William Paulding, Jr. (DR) 26.1% John B. Coles (F) 23.8% Peter A. Jay (F) 23.7%
	Representative-elect William Denning never took his seat			Democratic-Republican hold
New York 3	Jonathan Fisk	Democratic-Republican	1808	Retired Democratic-Republican hold	Pierre Van Cortlandt, Jr. (DR) 63.9% John Bradner (F) 36.1%
New York 4	James Emott	Federalist	1808	Re-elected	James Emott (F) 51.1% Daniel C. Verplanck (DR) 48.9%
New York 5	Barent Gardenier	Federalist	1806	Retired Democratic-Republican gain	Thomas B. Cooke (DR) 52.1% Gerrit Abeel (F) 47.9%
New York 6 Plural district with 2 seats	Herman Knickerbocker	Federalist	1808	Retired Federalist hold	Asa Fitch (F) 25.6% Robert Le Roy Livingston (F) 25.6% Roger Skinner (DR) 24.4% James L. Hogeboom (DR) 24.4%
	Robert Le Roy Livingston	Federalist	1808	Re-elected
New York 7	Killian Van Rensselaer	Federalist	1800	Retired Federalist hold	Harmanus Bleecker (F) 57.6% John V. Veeder (DR) 42.4%
New York 8	John Thompson	Democratic-Republican	1806	Retired Democratic-Republican hold	Benjamin Pond (DR) 57.6% James McCrea (F) 42.4%
New York 9	Thomas Sammons	Federalist	1808	Re-elected as Democratic-Republican Democratic-Republican gain	Thomas Sammons (DR) 52.6% Richard Van Horne (F) 47.4%
New York 10	John Nicholson	Democratic-Republican	1808	Retired Democratic-Republican hold	Silas Stow (DR) 51.3% Simeon Ford (F) 48.7%
New York 11	Thomas R. Gold	Federalist	1808	Re-elected	Thomas R. Gold (F) 52.6% Thomas Skinner (DR) 47.4%
New York 12	Erastus Root	Democratic-Republican	1808	Retired Democratic-Republican hold	Arunah Metcalf (DR) 56.2% John M. Bowers (F) 43.8%
New York 13	Uri Tracy	Democratic-Republican	1808	Re-elected	Uri Tracy (DR) 60.2% Nathaniel Waldron (F) 39.8%
New York 14	Vincent Mathews	Federalist	1808	Retired Democratic-Republican gain	Daniel Avery (DR) 69.8% John Harris (F) 30.2%
New York 15	Peter B. Porter	Democratic-Republican	1808	Re-elected	Peter B. Porter (DR) 59.1% Ebenezer F. Norton (F) 40.9%

On May 6, 1812, Robert Le Roy Livingston (F) of the 6th district resigned to serve in the War of 1812 and was replaced in a special election by Thomas P. Grosvenor (F)

North Carolina

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
North Carolina 1	Lemuel Sawyer	Democratic-Republican	1806	Re-elected	Lemuel Sawyer (DR) 61.4% William Hinton (DR) 37.1% Joseph Riddick (DR) 1.5%
North Carolina 2	Willis Alston	Democratic-Republican	1798	Re-elected	Willis Alston (DR) 65.9% Joseph H. Bryon (F) 34.1%
North Carolina 3	William Kennedy	Democratic-Republican	1803 1808	Retired Democratic-Republican hold	Thomas Blount[Note 11] (DR)
North Carolina 4	John Stanly	Federalist	1800 1808	Retired Democratic-Republican gain	William Blackledge (DR) 54.8% William Gaston (F) 45.2%
North Carolina 5	Thomas Kenan	Democratic-Republican	1805 (special)	Retired Democratic-Republican hold	William R. King (DR) 67.8% Christopher Dudley (F) 32.2%
North Carolina 6	Nathaniel Macon	Democratic-Republican	1791	Re-elected	Nathaniel Macon (DR) 100%
North Carolina 7	Archibald McBryde	Federalist	1808	Re-elected	Archibald McBryde (F) 57.4% John Culpepper (F) 42.6%
North Carolina 8	Richard Stanford	Democratic-Republican	1796	Re-elected	Richard Stanford (DR) 100%
North Carolina 9	James Cochran	Democratic-Republican	1808	Re-elected	James Cochran (DR) 57.0% Theophilus Lacy (DR) 43.0%
North Carolina 10	Joseph Pearson	Federalist	1808	Re-elected	Joseph Pearson (F) 63.8% James Wallis (DR) 36.4%
North Carolina 11	James Holland	Democratic-Republican	1800	Retired Democratic-Republican hold	Israel Pickens (DR) 50.5% Felix Walker (DR) 39.8% John Stevelie (DR) 9.7%
North Carolina 12	Meshack Franklin	Democratic-Republican	1806	Re-elected	Meshack Franklin[Note 11] (DR)

A special election was held in the 3rd District after Thomas Blount died in office on February 7, 1812. William Kennedy was returned to office.

Ohio

This was the last election in which Ohio had a single at-large district. Due to rapid population growth in the state, the at-large district had become disproportionately populous by this point.

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
Ohio at-large	Jeremiah Morrow	Democratic-Republican	1803	Re-elected	Jeremiah Morrow (DR) 99.4% Others 0.6%

Pennsylvania

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates[4]
Pennsylvania 1 Plural district with 3 seats	Adam Seybert	Democratic-Republican	1809 (Special)	Re-elected	Adam Seybert (DR) 19.8% William Anderson (DR) 19.6% James Milnor (F) 13.7% Thomas Truxton (F) 13.7% Thomas Dick (F) 13.4% John Porter (DR) 9.9% Robert McMullin (DR) 9.9%
	William Anderson	Democratic-Republican	1808	Re-elected
	John Porter	Democratic-Republican	1806	Lost re-election Federalist gain
Pennsylvania 2 Plural district with 3 seats	Robert Brown	Democratic-Republican	1798 (special)	Re-elected	Robert Brown (DR) 19.1% Jonathan Roberts (DR) 19.0% William Rodman (DR) 18.9% William Milnor (F) 14.5% Levi Paulding (F) 14.2% William Latimere (F) 13.9% Charles Miner (F) 0.4%
	William Milnor	Federalist	1806	Lost re-election Democratic-Republican gain
	John Ross	Democratic-Republican	1808	Retired Democratic-Republican hold
Pennsylvania 3 Plural district with 3 seats	Robert Jenkins	Federalist	1806	Retired Democratic-Republican gain	Joseph Lefever (DR) 18.4% Roger Davis (DR) 18.3% John M. Hyneman (DR) 17.2% Daniel Hiester (F[Note 14]) 16.0% Samuel Bethel (F) 15.1% Mark J. Biddle (F) 15.0%
	Matthias Richards	Democratic-Republican	1806	Retired Democratic-Republican hold
	Daniel Hiester	Democratic-Republican	1808	Lost re-election Democratic-Republican hold
Pennsylvania 4 Plural district with 2 seats	Robert Whitehill	Democratic-Republican	1805 (special)	Re-elected	David Bard (DR) 50.0% Robert Whitehill (DR) 50.0%
	David Bard	Democratic-Republican	1802	Re-elected
Pennsylvania 5	George Smith	Democratic-Republican	1808	Re-elected	George Smith (DR) 100%
Pennsylvania 6	William Crawford	Democratic-Republican	1808	Re-elected	William Crawford (DR) 56.6% David Cassat (F) 43.4%
Pennsylvania 7	John Rea	Democratic-Republican	1802	Lost re-election Democratic-Republican hold	William Piper (DR) 58.5% John Rea (DR) 41.5%
Pennsylvania 8	William Findley	Democratic-Republican	1802	Re-elected	William Findley (DR) 60.9% John Kirkpatrick (DR) 39.1%
Pennsylvania 9	John Smilie	Democratic-Republican	1792 1798	Re-elected	John Smilie (DR) 100%
Pennsylvania 10	Aaron Lyle	Democratic-Republican	1808	Re-elected	Aaron Lyle (DR) 70.4% Thomas L. Birch (F) 29.6%
Pennsylvania 11	Samuel Smith	Democratic-Republican	1805 (Special)	Lost re-election Democratic-Republican hold	Abner Lacock (DR) 51.0% Alexander Tannehill (DR) 43.2% Samuel Smith (DR) 5.7%

John Smilie (DR) of the 9th district died on December 30, 1812. His seat remained vacant for the remainder of the 12th Congress.

Rhode Island

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
Rhode Island at-large 2 seats on a general ticket	Richard Jackson, Jr.	Federalist	1808	Re-elected	Elisha R. Potter (F) 25.7% Richard Jackson, Jr. (F) 25.6% Nathaniel Hazard (DR) 24.5% Nathan Brown (DR) 24.2%
	Elisah R. Potter	Federalist	1808	Re-elected

South Carolina

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
South Carolina 1 Also known as the Charleston district	Previous incumbent Robert Marion (DR) resigned October 4, 1810			Democratic-Republican hold	Langdon Cheves[Note 9] (DR) 89.2%[Note 15] Others 10.8%
South Carolina 2 Also known at the Beaufort district	William Butler, Sr.	Democratic-Republican	1800	Re-elected	William Butler, Sr.[Note 11] (DR) Edmund Bacon (DR) Francisco Annone (F)
South Carolina 3 Also known as the Georgetown district	Robert Witherspoon	Democratic-Republican	1808	Retired Democratic-Republican hold	David R. Williams (DR) 94.4%[Note 15] Moses Glover (F) 5.6%
South Carolina 4 Also known as the Orangeburgh district	John Taylor	Democratic-Republican	1806	Lost re-election Democratic-Republican hold	William Lowndes (DR) 52.2%[Note 15] John Taylor (DR) 47.8%
South Carolina 5 Also known as the Sumter district	Richard Winn	Democratic-Republican	1802 (special)	Re-elected	Richard Winn (DR) 100%
South Carolina 6 Also known as the Abbeville district	Joseph Calhoun	Democratic-Republican	1807 (special)	Retired Democratic-Republican hold	John C. Calhoun (DR) 72.2%[Note 15] John A. Elmore (DR) 27.8% Eastland[Note 16] (F)
South Carolina 7 Also known as the Chester district	Thomas Moore	Democratic-Republican	1800	Re-elected	Thomas Moore (DR) 100%
South Carolina 8 Also known as the Pendleton district	Lemuel J. Alston	Democratic-Republican	1806	Retired Democratic-Republican hold	Elias Earle (DR) 58.0% William Hunter (F) 42.0%

Tennessee

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
Tennessee 1	John Rhea	Democratic-Republican	1803	Re-elected	John Rhea (DR) 100%
Tennessee 2	Robert Weakley	Democratic-Republican	1808	Retired Democratic-Republican hold	John Sevier (DR) 100%
Tennessee 3	Pleasant M. Miller	Democratic-Republican	1808	Retired Democratic-Republican hold	Felix Grundy (DR) 60.4% Isaac Roberts 21.7% James Winchester 17.9%

Vermont

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates[Note 12]
Vermont 1	Samuel Shaw	Democratic-Republican	1808	Re-elected	Samuel Shaw (DR) 64.4% Chauncey Langdon (F) 33.5%
Vermont 2	Jonathan H. Hubbard	Federalist	1808	Lost re-election Democratic-Republican gain	William Strong (DR) 53.4% Jonathan H. Hubbard (F) 42.1% Aaron Leland (DR) 1.7%
Vermont 3	William Chamberlain	Federalist	1802 1808	Lost re-election Democratic-Republican gain	James Fisk (DR) 56.7% William Chamberlain (F) 41.3%
Vermont 4	Martin Chittenden	Federalist	1802	Re-elected	Martin Chittenden (F) 50.0% Ezra Butler (DR) 47.5%

Virginia

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates[Note 12]
Virginia 1	William McKinley	Democratic-Republican	1810 (special)	Lost re-election Federalist gain	Thomas Wilson (F) 52.3% William McKinley (DR) 47.7%
Virginia 2	James Stephenson	Federalist	1809	Retired Federalist hold	John Baker (F) 56.5% Daniel Morgan (DR) 43.5%
Virginia 3	John Smith	Democratic-Republican	1801	Re-elected	John Smith (DR) 100%
Virginia 4	Jacob Swoope	Federalist	1809	Retired Democratic-Republican gain	William McCoy (DR) 52.6% Samuel Blackburn (F) 47.4%
Virginia 5	James Breckinridge	Federalist	1809	Re-elected	James Breckinridge (F) 58.4% Thomas L. Preston (DR) 41.6%
Virginia 6	Daniel Sheffey	Federalist	1809	Re-elected	Daniel Sheffey (F) 100%
Virginia 7	Joseph Lewis, Jr.	Federalist	1803	Re-elected	Joseph Lewis, Jr. (F) 80.0% John Love[Note 17] (DR) 19.9%
Virginia 8	Walter Jones	Democratic-Republican	1803	Retired Democratic-Republican hold	John Hungerford (DR) 50.2% John Taliaferro[Note 18] (DR) 49.8%
Virginia 9	Previous incumbent John Love (DR) moved to the 7th district and ran for election there			Democratic-Republican hold	Aylett Hawes (DR) 72.7% George F. Strother (DR) 26.3%
Virginia 10	John Dawson	Democratic-Republican	1797	Re-elected	John Dawson (DR) 100%
Virginia 11	John Roane	Democratic-Republican	1809	Re-elected	John Roane[Note 11] (DR)
Virginia 12	Burwell Bassett	Democratic-Republican	1805	Re-elected	Burwell Bassett (DR) 59.5%[Note 15] John Eyre (F) 40.5%
Virginia 13	William A. Burwell	Democratic-Republican	1806 (special)	Re-elected	William A. Burwell (DR) 100%
Virginia 14	Matthew Clay	Democratic-Republican	1797	Re-elected	Matthew Clay[Note 19] (DR) John Kerr (DR)
Virginia 15	John Randolph	Democratic-Republican	1799	Re-elected	John Randolph (DR) 67.8% John W. Eppes[Note 20] (DR) 32.2%
Virginia 16	Previous incumbent John W. Eppes (DR) moved to 15th district and ran for election there			Democratic-Republican hold	James Pleasants (DR) 100%
Virginia 17	Thomas Gholson, Jr.	Democratic-Republican	1808 (special)	Re-elected	Thomas Gholson, Jr.[Note 11] (DR)
Virginia 18	Peterson Goodwyn	Democratic-Republican	1803	Re-elected	Peterson Goodwyn (DR) 100%
Virginia 19	Edwin Gray	Democratic-Republican	1799	Re-elected	Edwin Gray (DR) 62.2% Samuel Butler (DR) 37.8%
Virginia 20	Thomas Newton, Jr.	Democratic-Republican	1799	Re-elected	Thomas Newton, Jr. (DR) 97.7% Robert B. Taylor (F) 2.3%
Virginia 21	David S. Garland	Democratic-Republican	1809 (special)	Retired Democratic-Republican hold	Hugh Nelson (DR) 100%
Virginia 22	John Clopton	Democratic-Republican	1801	Re-elected	John Clopton (DR) 100%

In the 8th district, John P. Hungerford (DR) was initially declared as the winner by a 6-vote margin (769-763),^[5] however, the election was subsequently challenged by John Taliaferro (DR), and the House Committee on Elections ruled in Taliaferro's favor. He took his seat on December 2, 1811.^[2]

Non-voting delegates

There were five territories with the right to send non-voting delegates to the 12th Congress. Two of them, Illinois Territory and Missouri Territory elected their first representative near the end of the 12th Congress in 1812, while Orleans Territory's seat remained vacant until the territory was admitted as the State of Louisiana.

District	Incumbent	First elected	Result	Candidates[Note 12]
Indiana Territory at-large	Jonathan Jennings	1809	Re-elected	Jonathan Jennings 65.1% Thomas Randolph 34.9%
Mississippi Territory at-large	George Poindexter	1806	Re-elected	George Poindexter 64.6% Robert Williams 28.2% David Cooper 6.7%

See also

• United States elections, 1818
  • List of United States House of Representatives elections, 1789–1822
  • United States Senate elections, 1810 and 1811
• 11th United States Congress
• 12th United States Congress

Notes

1. Excludes states admitted during the 12th Congress
2. Includes late elections
3. Frederick Muhlenberg was elected on the first day that the 1st Congress achieved a quorum, but that was not the first day that Muhlenberg was in the Capitol
4. Includes 1 plural district
5. Majority required for election, which was not met in one district, a second election held April 1, 1811
6. Majority required for election, which requirement was not met for 3 seats, a second election was held April 1, 1811
7. Includes 2 plural districts
8. Includes 4 plural districts
9. Elected in special election to fill vacancy in 11th Congress
10. In Vermont
11. Numbers of votes missing or incomplete in source
12. Only candidates with at least 1% of the vote listed
13. Tied
14. Changed parties
15. Based on incomplete returns
16. Source did not have full name
17. 9th district incumbent
18. Successfully contested Hungerford's election
19. Detailed data not available, but margin of victory given as 223 votes
20. 16th district incumbent

References

1. 2 Stat. 703
2. Twelfth Congress (membership roster)
3. A New Nation Votes - New Jersey 1810
4. Wilkes University Elections Statistics Project
5. A New Nation Votes - Virginia 8: 1811

Bibliography

• "A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787-1825". Tufts Digital Library, Tufts University. Retrieved January 17, 2015.
• Dubin, Michael J. (March 1, 1998). United States Congressional Elections, 1788-1997: The Official Results of the Elections of the 1st Through 105th Congresses. McFarland and Company. ISBN 978-0786402830.
• Martis, Kenneth C. (January 1, 1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress, 1789-1989. Macmillan Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0029201701.
• "Party Divisions of the House of Representatives* 1789–Present". Office of the Historian, United States House of Representatives. Retrieved January 21, 2015.

External links

• Office of the Historian (Office of Art & Archives, Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives)