United States House of Representatives elections, 1796
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Results: Federalist majority
Anti-Federalist majority
Even split | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Elections to the United States House of Representatives for the 5th Congress took place in the various states took place between August 12, 1796 (in North Carolina), and October 15, 1797 (in Tennessee). The first session was convened on May 15, 1797, at the proclamation of the new President of the United States, John Adams. Since Kentucky and Tennessee had not yet voted, they were unrepresented until the second session.
A number of gains for the Federalist Party provided the president with a reliable majority in support of his policies. Many of the Federalist pick-ups in Congress came from the former Middle Colonies (New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and Delaware). New England remained heavily Federalist, whereas the South and West favored Democratic-Republican candidates. Federalist trade and infrastructure policies found widespread approval in the Mid-Atlantic states during this era. With the growth of cities in Maryland, Pennsylvania, and New York, government intervention in the interest of industrialization and mercantilism became more attractive to voting citizens in these areas.
During this period, each state fixed its own date for a congressional general election. Elections to a Congress took place both in the even-numbered year before and in the odd-numbered year when the Congress convened. In some states the congressional delegation was not elected until after the legal start of the Congress (on the 4th day of March in the odd-numbered year).
Election summaries
During this period, each state fixed its own date for a congressional general election. Elections took place both in the even-numbered year before and in the odd-numbered year when a Congress convened. In some states, the congressional delegation was not elected until after the legal start of the Congress (on the 4th day of March in the odd-numbered year). The 1st session of the 5th Congress ran May 15 – July 10, 1797,[1] before the states of Kentucky and Tennessee had their elections, causing those states to be unrepresented in the 1st session.
57 | 49 |
Federalist | Democratic-Republican |
State | Type | Date | Total seats |
Federalist | Democratic- Republican | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Seats | Change | Seats | Change | ||||
Connecticut | At-large | September 19, 1796 | 7 | 7 | 0 | ||
Delaware | At-large | October 4, 1796 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
Georgia | At-large | November 7, 1796 | 2 | 0 | 2 | ||
Maryland | District (8) | October 3, 1796 | 8 | 6 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
Massachusetts | District (14) | November 7, 1796[Note 1] | 14 | 11 | 1 | 3 | 1 |
New Hampshire | At-large | August 29, 1796[Note 2] | 4 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
New York | District (10) | December 15, 1796 | 10 | 6 | 2 | 4 | 2 |
North Carolina | District (10) | August 12, 1796 | 10 | 1 | 9 | ||
Pennsylvania | District (12[Note 3]) | October 11, 1796 | 13 | 6 | 2 | 7 | 2 |
Rhode Island | At-large | August 30, 1796 | 2 | 2 | 0 | ||
South Carolina | District (6) | October 11, 1796 | 6 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 1 |
Vermont | District (2) | September 9, 1796[Note 4] | 2 | 1 | 1 | ||
1797 elections | |||||||
Kentucky | District (2) | September 2, 1797 | 2 | 0 | 2 | ||
New Jersey | At-large | January 11, 1797 | 5 | 5 | 0 | ||
Tennessee | At-large | October 15, 1797 | 1 | 0 | 1 | ||
Virginia | District (19) | March 20, 1797 | 19 | 4 | 2 | 15 | 2 |
Total | 106 | 57 53.8% |
10 | 49 46.2% |
10 |
Late elections to the 4th Congress
Tennessee
Tennessee became a state in 1796 near the end of the 4th Congress. Elections for its first representative were held the same year.
District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tennessee at-large | None (District created) | Democratic-Republican gain | Andrew Jackson (DR) 98.9% James Rody 1.1% |
Complete returns
Connecticut
District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Connecticut at-large 7 seats on a general ticket |
Previous incumbent James Hillhouse (F) resigned July 1, 1796 | Federalist hold | √ Uriah Tracy (F) 13.8% √ Roger Griswold (F) 13.3% √ Joshua Coit (F) 12.1% √ Zephaniah Swift (F) 12.0% √ Nathaniel Smith (F) 11.9% √ Chauncey Goodrich (F) 9.7% √ Samuel W. Dana[Note 5] (F) 7.5% James Davenport[Note 5][Note 6] (F) 6.2% David Daggett (F) 4.7% John Allen[Note 6] (F) 3.3% William Edmond[Note 6] (F) 3.3% Jonathan Treadwell 2.6% Gideon Granger (DR) 2.2% | ||
Chauncey Goodrich | Federalist | 1794 | Re-elected | ||
Joshua Coit | Federalist | 1792 | Re-elected | ||
Roger Griswold | Federalist | 1794 | Re-elected | ||
Nathaniel Smith | Federalist | 1795 (special) | Re-elected | ||
Zephariah Swift | Federalist | 1792 | Re-elected | ||
Uriah Tracy | Federalist | 1792 | Re-elected |
Four vacancies occurred during the 5th Congress, two of which were before the Congress met when Zephariah Swift declined to serve in the 5th Congress and Uriah Tracy resigned after being elected to the Senate. These two vacancies were filled by John Allen and James Davenport. The third occurred when James Davenport (F) died on August 3, 1797, and was replaced by William Edmond (F). The fourth occurred when Joshua Coit (F) died on September 5, 1798, and was replaced by Jonathan Brace (F).
An unsuccessful motion was made to expel Roger Griswold after a fight with Matthew Lyon of Vermont.
Delaware
District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Delaware at-large | John Patten | Democratic-Republican | 1794 | Retired Federalist gain |
√ James A. Bayard (F) 56.3% William Perry (DR) 43.7% |
Georgia
District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Georgia at-large 2 seats on a general ticket |
Abraham Baldwin | Democratic-Republican | 1789 | Re-elected | √ Abraham Baldwin (DR) 35.8% √ John Milledge (DR) 33.1% Thomas P. Carnes (F) 18.7% Francis Willis (DR) 10.5% George Nailor (DR) 1.8%< |
John Milledge | Democratic-Republican | 1794 | Re-elected |
Kentucky
District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Kentucky 1 Known as the Southern District |
Christopher Greenup | Democratic-Republican | 1792 | Retired Democratic-Republican hold |
√ Thomas Terry Davis (DR)[Note 7] |
Kentucky 2 Known as the Northern District |
Alexander D. Orr | Democratic-Republican | 1792 | Retired Democratic-Republican hold |
√ John Fowler (DR)[Note 7] Notley Conn Edmund Bollock |
Maryland
District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Maryland 1 | George Dent | Federalist | 1792 | Re-elected | √ George Dent (F) 99.7% Philip Key 0.3% |
Maryland 2 | Richard Sprigg, Jr. | Democratic-Republican | 1796 (special) | Re-elected | √ Richard Sprigg, Jr. (DR) 100% |
Maryland 3 | William Craik | Federalist | 1796 (special) | Re-elected | √ William Craik (F) 51.0% Benjamin Edwards 49.0% |
Maryland 4 | Thomas Sprigg | Democratic-Republican | 1792 | Retired Federalist gain |
√ George Baer, Jr. (F) 72.1% Samuel Ringgold (DR) 27.9% |
Maryland 5 | Samuel Smith | Democratic-Republican | 1792 | Re-elected | √ Samuel Smith (DR) 100% |
Maryland 6 | Gabriel Christie | Democratic-Republican | 1792 | Lost re-election Federalist hold |
√ William Matthews (F) 51.5% Gabriel Christie (DR) 48.5% |
Maryland 7 | William Hindman | Federalist | 1792 | Re-elected | √ William Hindman (F) 62.6% Robert Wright (DR) 37.4% |
Maryland 8 | William V. Murray | Federalist | 1790 | Retired Federalist hold |
√ John Dennis (F) 100% |
Massachusetts
Massachusetts' electoral law required a majority for election, necessitating additional trials in three districts.
District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
First ballot | Second ballot | Third ballot | ||||||
Massachusetts 1 Known as the 1st Western District |
Previous incumbent Theodore Sedgwick (F) resigned in June upon being elected to the Senate | Democratic-Republican gain | √ Thomson J. Skinner[Note 5] (DR) 56.4% Ephraim Williams (F) 43.6% |
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Massachusetts 2 Known as the 2nd Western District |
William Lyman | Democratic-Republican | 1792 | Lost re-election Federalist gain |
William Shepard (F) 46.3% Sam Hinshaw 23.9% William Lyman (DR) 21.4% John Williams 4.0% Nahum Park 2.0% Scattering 2.4% |
√ William Shepard (F) 100% | ||
Massachusetts 3 Known as the 3rd Western District |
Samuel Lyman | Federalist | 1794 | Re-elected | √ Samuel Lyman (F) 83.3% Daniel Bigelow (DR) 16.7% |
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Massachusetts 4 Known as the 4th Western District |
Dwight Foster | Federalist | 1792 | Re-elected | √ Dwight Foster (F) 80.8% Levi Lincoln Sr. (DR) 19.2% |
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Massachusetts 5 Known as the 1st Southern District |
Nathaniel Freeman Jr. | Democratic-Republican | 1794 | Re-elected | √ Nathaniel Freeman Jr. (DR) 82.1% Peleg Coffin Jr. (F) 17.9% |
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Massachusetts 6 Known as the 2nd Southern District |
John Reed Sr. | Federalist | 1794 | Re-elected | √ John Reed Sr. (F) 78.8% Edward H. Robbins (F) 21.2% |
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Massachusetts 7 Known as the 3rd Southern District |
George Leonard | Federalist | 1788 1794 |
Retired Federalist hold |
Elisha May (F) 45.3% Stephen Bullock (F) 28.3% Laban Wheaton (F) 26.4% |
Stephen Bullock (F) 35.8% Laban Wheaton (F) 32.7% Elisha May (F) 31.5% |
√ Stephen Bullock (F) 56.7% Elisha May (F) 28.3% Laban Wheaton (F) 15.1% | |
Massachusetts 8 Known as the 1st Middle District |
Fisher Ames | Federalist | 1788 | Retired Federalist hold |
√ Harrison Gray Otis (F) 57.0% James Bowdoin (DR) 43.0% |
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Massachusetts 9 Known as the 2nd Middle District |
Joseph Bradley Varnum | Democratic-Republican | 1794 | Re-elected | √ Joseph Bradley Varnum (DR) 69.0% Ebenezer Bridge (F) 16.8% Samuel Dexter (F) 14.3% |
|||
Massachusetts 10 Known as the 3rd Middle District |
Previous incumbent Benjamin Goodhue (F) resigned in June 1796 upon being elected to the Senate | Federalist hold | √ Samuel Sewall[Note 5] (F) 67.9% Loammi Baldwin (F) 22.1% |
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Massachusetts 11 Known as the 4th Middle District |
Theophilus Bradbury | Federalist | 1794 | Re-elected | √ Theophilus Bradbury (F) 100% | |||
District of Maine | Massachusetts 12 Known as the 1st Eastern District |
Henry Dearborn | Democratic-Republican | 1792 | Lost re-election Federalist gain |
Isaac Parker (F) 40.5% Henry Dearborn (DR) 31.7% John Bowman 27.8% |
Isaac Parker (F) 48.2% Henry Dearborn (DR) 33.8% John Bowman 18.0% |
√ Isaac Parker (F) 52.6% Henry Dearborn (DR) 47.5% |
Massachusetts 13 Known as the 2nd Eastern District |
Peleg Wadsworth | Federalist | 1792 | Re-elected | √ Peleg Wadsworth (F) 100% | |||
Massachusetts 14 Known as the 3rd Eastern District |
George Thatcher | Federalist | 1788 | Re-elected | √ George Thatcher (F) 100% |
In the 11th district, Theophilus Bradbury (F) resigned July 24, 1797, which vacancy was filled in a special election by Bailey Bartlett (F)[1]
New Hampshire
In 1796, New Hampshire had a single at-large district with 4 seats. Each voter cast 4 votes and a majority of voters (12.5% of votes) was required to be elected. Since only three candidates received a majority, a run-off was held between the candidates in fourth and fifth place to fill the remaining seat.
District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates[Note 8] | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
First ballot | Second ballot | |||||
New Hampshire at-large 4 seats on a general ticket |
Jeremiah Smith | Federalist | 1790 | Re-elected | √ Jeremiah Smith (F) 25.0% √ Abiel Foster (F) 24.3% √ William Gordon (F) 14.9% Jonathan Freeman (F) 9.5% Peleg Sprague[Note 6] (F) 4.4% Woodbury Langdon (DR) 4.2% John Prentice 4.1% Thomas Cogwell 3.4% Nathaniel Peabody 2.3% John Bellows 2.1% Joseph Cilley 1.9% Nathaniel Rogers 1.9% |
√ Jonathan Freeman (F) 72.5% Peleg Sprague[Note 6] (F) 27.5% |
Nicholas Gilman | Federalist | 1788 | Retired Federalist hold | |||
John Samuel Sherburne | Democratic-Republican | 1792 | Retired Federalist gain | |||
Abiel Foster | Federalist | 1794 | Re-elected |
Jeremiah Smith (F) resigned July 26, 1797, and a special election was held to fill the resulting vacancy, which elected Peleg Sprague (F).
New Jersey
District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates[Note 8] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
New Jersey at-large 5 seats on a general ticket |
Thomas Henderson | Federalist | 1794 | Lost re-election Federalist hold |
√ Jonathan Dayton (F) 15.8% √ Mark Thomson (F) 10.4% √ James H. Imlay (F) 9.6% √ James Schureman (F) 9.3% √ Thomas Sinnickson (F) 9.1% Aaron Kitchell (DR) 8.6% Joseph Bloomfield (DR) 5.5% James Linn (DR) 5.3% Ebenezer Elmer (DR) 4.8% John Condit (DR) 4.6% William Crane (F) 3.5% Joseph Cooper (DR) 3.5% William Helms (DR) 2.8% Thomas Lowrey (F) 1.5% Jonathan Elmer (F) 1.3% |
Aaron Kitchell | Federalist | 1794 (special) | Lost re-election Federalist hold | ||
Jonathan Dayton | Federalist | 1791 | Re-elected | ||
Isaac Smith | Federalist | 1794 | Retired Federalist hold | ||
Mark Thomson | Federalist | 1794 | Re-elected |
New York
District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
New York 1 | Jonathan Nicoll Havens | Democratic-Republican | 1794 | Re-elected | √ Jonathan Nicoll Havens (DR) 66.0% Selah Strong (F) 34.0% |
New York 2 | Edward Livingston | Democratic-Republican | 1794 | Re-elected | √ Edward Livingston (DR) 56.6% James Watson (F) 43.3% |
New York 3 | Philip Van Courtlandt | Democratic-Republican | 1793 | Re-elected | √ Philip Van Courtlandt (DR) 50.3% Samuel Haight (F) 49.7% |
New York 4 | John Hathorn | Democratic-Republican | 1794 | Retired Democratic-Republican hold |
√ Lucas Elmendorf (DR) 56.1% Conrad E. Elmendorf (F) 43.9% |
New York 5 | Theodorus Bailey | Democratic-Republican | 1793 | Lost re-election Federalist gain |
√ David Brooks (F) 54.5% Theodorus Bailey (DR) 45.5% |
New York 6 | Ezekiel Gilbert | Federalist | 1793 | Retired Federalist hold |
√ Hezekiah L. Hosmer (F) 57.7% John P. Van Ness (DR) 42.3% |
New York 7 | John E. Van Alen | Federalist | 1793 | Re-elected | √ John E. Van Alen (F) 57.9% John Woodworth (DR) 42.1% |
New York 8 | Henry Glen | Federalist | 1793 | Re-elected | √ Henry Glen (F) 77.7% Peter Swart (DR) 22.3% |
New York 9 | John Williams | Democratic-Republican | 1794 | Re-elected as a Federalist Federalist gain |
√ John Williams (F) 62.8% James Gordon (F) 27.3% Douw I. Fonda (DR) 10.0% |
New York 10 | William Cooper | Federalist | 1794 | Lost re-election Federalist hold |
√ James Cochran (F) 50.6% William Cooper (F) 48.7% Charles Williamson (DR) 0.7% |
North Carolina
District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
North Carolina 1 | James Holland | Democratic-Republican | 1795 | Lost re-election Democratic-Republican hold |
√ Joseph McDowell (DR)[Note 7] James Holland |
North Carolina 2 | Matthew Locke | Democratic-Republican | 1793 | Re-elected | √ Matthew Locke (DR) 56.9% Nathaniel Alexander (DR) 27.1% Robert Irwin (F) 15.8% Others 0.2% |
North Carolina 3 | Jesse Franklin | Democratic-Republican | 1795 | Lost re-election Democratic-Republican hold |
√ Robert Williams (DR)[Note 7] Jesse Franklin (DR) |
North Carolina 4 | Previous incumbent Absalom Tatom (DR) resigned June 1, 1796, William F. Strudwick (F) won special election to 4th Congress | Retired Democratic-Republican gain |
√ Richard Stanford (DR)[Note 7] Absalom Tatom (DR) William Sheppard (F) Stephen Moore (F) | ||
North Carolina 5 | Nathaniel Macon | Democratic-Republican | 1791 | Re-elected | √ Nathaniel Macon (DR)[Note 7] |
North Carolina 6 | James Gillespie | Democratic-Republican | 1793 | Re-elected | √ James Gillespie (DR)[Note 7] William H. Hill (F) James Keenan Gabriel Holmes (I) |
North Carolina 7 | William B. Grove | Federalist | 1791 | Re-elected | √ William B. Grove (F) 73.4% Duncan MacFarland (DR) 26.6% |
North Carolina 8 | Dempsey Burges | Democratic-Republican | 1795 | Re-elected | √ Dempsey Burges (DR)[Note 7] Joseph Riddick (DR) James Gregory (F) James Brown (F) |
North Carolina 9 | Thomas Blount | Democratic-Republican | 1793 | Re-elected | √ Thomas Blount (DR)[Note 7] Willis Alston (F) |
North Carolina 10 | Nathan Bryan | Democratic-Republican | 1795 | Re-elected | √ Nathan Bryan (DR) 54.1% Richard D. Spaight[Note 6] (DR) 45.9% |
Nathan Bryan (DR) of the 10th district died June 4, 1798, and was replaced in a special election by Richard Dobbs Spaight (DR)
Pennsylvania
District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates[2] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pennsylvania 1 | John Swanwick | Democratic-Republican | 1794 | Re-elected | √ John Swanwick (DR) 51.3% Edward Tilghman (F) 48.7% |
Pennsylvania 2 | Frederick Muhlenberg | Democratic-Republican | 1788 | Retired Democratic-Republican hold |
√ Blair McClenachan (DR) 60.2% Robert Waln (F) 39.8% |
Pennsylvania 3 | Richard Thomas | Federalist | 1794 | Re-elected | √ Richard Thomas (F) 52.9% William Gibbons (DR) 47.1% |
Pennsylvania 4 Plural district with 2 seats |
Samuel Sitgreaves | Federalist | 1794 | Re-elected | √ Samuel Sitgreaves (F) 42.6% √ John Chapman (F) 25.2% Peter Muhlenberg (DR) 13.0% John Richards (DR) 12.3% Robert Lollar (DR) 6.9% |
John Richards | Democratic-Republican | 1794 | Lost re-election Federalist gain | ||
Pennsylvania 5 | Incumbent Daniel Hiester (DR) resigned before the end of the Fourth Congress. | Federalist gain | √ George Ege[Note 5] (F) 56.8% Joseph Hiester[Note 6] (DR) 43.2% | ||
Pennsylvania 6 | Samuel Maclay | Democratic-Republican | 1794 | Lost re-election Democratic-Republican hold |
√ John A. Hanna (DR) 74.3% John Carson (F) 21.1% Samuel Maclay (DR) 4.6% |
Pennsylvania 7 | John W. Kittera | Federalist | 1791 | Re-elected | √ John W. Kittera (F) 95.6% William Webb (F) 4.4% |
Pennsylvania 8 | Thomas Hartley | Federalist | 1788 | Re-elected | √ Thomas Hartley (F) (100%) |
Pennsylvania 9 | Andrew Gregg | Democratic-Republican | 1791 | Re-elected | √ Andrew Gregg (DR) 53.8% William Irvine (DR) 32.0% James Wallace (F) 7.9% Robert Whitehall (DR) 4.1% Thomas Kennedy (F) 2.3% |
Pennsylvania 10 | David Bard | Democratic-Republican | 1794 | Re-elected | √ David Bard (DR) 45.1% Abraham Smith (DR) 30.3% William M. Brown (F) 24.6% |
Pennsylvania 11 | William Findley | Democratic-Republican | 1791 | Re-elected | √ William Findley (DR) 79.3% James Findley (F) 20.7% |
Pennsylvania 12 | Albert Gallatin | Democratic-Republican | 1794 | Re-elected | √ Albert Gallatin (DR) 61.7% John Woods (F) 26.4% Thomas Stokely (F) 11.9% |
Three vacancies occurred during the 5th Congress. The first occurred when George Ege (F) of the 5th district resigned in October 1797, and was replaced by Joseph Hiester (DR). The second occurred when Samuel Sitgreaves (F) of the 4th district resigned upon being appointed Commissioner to Great Britain and was replaced by Robert Brown (DR). The third occurred in the 1st district when John Swanwick (DR) died on August 1, 1798, and was replaced by Robert Waln (F).
Rhode Island
Rhode Island had an at-large district with two seats, each of which were elected separately.
District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rhode Island at-large seat A | Benjamin Bourne | Federalist | 1790 | Re-elected | √ Benjamin Bourne (F) 99.9% Others 0.1% |
Rhode Island at-large seat B | Francis Malbone | Federalist | 1792 | Retired Federalist hold |
√ Christopher G. Champlin (F) 51.4% William Greene (F) 48.4% Others 0.2% |
Benjamin Bourne (F) resigned before the end of the 4th Congress but after being re-elected, and a special election was held to fill the resulting vacancies in both the 4th and 5th Congresses, which was won by Elisha R. Potter (F). Potter himself subsequently resigned sometime after July 1797, and was replaced in a second special election by Thomas Tillinghast (F).
South Carolina
District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
South Carolina 1 Also known as the Charleston district |
William L. Smith | Federalist | 1788 | Re-elected | √ William L. Smith (F) 84.8% Robert Simons (DR) 13.6% John Rutledge (DR) 1.6% |
South Carolina 2 Also known as the Beaufort district |
Wade Hampton | Democratic-Republican | 1794 | Retired Federalist gain |
√ John Rutledge, Jr. (F) 87.3% Elnathan Haskell (DR) 16.7% |
South Carolina 3 Also known as the Georgetown district |
Lemuel Benton | Democratic-Republican | 1793 | Re-elected | √ Lemuel Benton (DR) 63.3% Tristam Thomas (F) 24.4% Joseph Blyth (F) 12.3% |
South Carolina 4 Also known as the Camden district |
Richard Winn | Democratic-Republican | 1793 | Lost re-election Democratic-Republican hold |
√ Thomas Sumter (DR) 50.7% Richard Winn (F[Note 9]) 49.3% |
South Carolina 5 Also known as the Ninety-Six district |
Robert Goodloe Harper | Federalist | 1794 | Re-elected | √ Robert Goodloe Harper (F) 67.6% William Butler (DR) 32.4% |
South Carolina 6 Also known as the Washington district |
Samuel Earle | Democratic-Republican | 1794 | Retired Democratic-Republican hold |
√ William Smith (DR) 37.0% Abraham Nott (F) 32.5% William Will (DR) 25.4% Samuel Lowrie (F) 2.6% Robert Anderson (DR) 2.5% |
One vacancy occurred during the 5th Congress in the 1st district when William L. Smith (F) resigned on July 10, 1797, and was replaced in a special election by Thomas Pinckney (F).
Tennessee
District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tennessee at-large | Former incumbent Andrew Jackson (DR) had been elected to the Senate | Democratic-Republican hold | √ William C. C. Claiborne (DR)[Note 7] John Rhea (DR) John Carter |
Vermont
Due to Vermont's election law requiring a majority to secure a congressional seat, the 1st district required three ballots to choose a winner.
District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates[Note 8] | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
First ballot | Second ballot | Third ballot | |||||
Vermont 1 Known as the Western District |
Israel Smith | Democratic-Republican | 1791 | Lost re-election Democratic-Republican hold |
Matthew Lyon (DR) 40.7% Israel Smith (DR) 22.1% Samuel Williams 7.3% Nathaniel Chipman (F) 7.1% Isaac Tichenor (F) 6.5% Gideon Olin (DR) 4.5% Enoch Woodbridge 4.3% Jonas Galusha (DR) 3.4% Daniel Chipman (F) 2.0% Samuel Hitchcock 1.2% Others 1.0% |
Matthew Lyon (DR) 46.7% Samuel Hitchcock 25.7% Israel Smith (DR) 21.4% Samuel Williams 2.9% Gideon Olin (DR) 1.1% Others 2.3% |
√ Matthew Lyon (DR) 55.1% Samuel Hitchcock 29.4% Israel Smith (DR) 8.9% Jonas Galusha (DR) 3.9% Samuel Williams 0.7% Scattering 2.1% |
Vermont 2 Known as the Eastern District |
Daniel Buck | Federalist | 1794 | Re-elected | √ Daniel Buck (F) 97.1% Scattering 2.9% |
Daniel Buck in the 2nd district resigned before the start of Congress and was replaced by Lewis R. Morris (F)
Virginia
District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Virginia 1 | Robert Rutherford | Democratic-Republican | 1793 | Lost re-election Federalist gain |
√ Daniel Morgan (F)[Note 7] Robert Rutherford (DR) |
Virginia 2 | Andrew Moore | Democratic-Republican | 1789 | Retired Democratic-Republican hold |
√ David Holmes (DR) 60.4% John Steele (F) 27.5% John Bowyer (DR) 12.1% |
Virginia 3 | George Jackson | Democratic-Republican | 1795 | Lost re-election Federalist gain |
√ James Machir (F) 45.4% George Jackson (DR) 28.7% John Mitchell (DR) 20.1% Thomas Wilson (F) 5.7% |
Virginia 4 | Francis Preston | Democratic-Republican | 1793 | Retired Democratic-Republican hold |
√ Abram Trigg (DR)[Note 7] |
Virginia 5 | George Hancock | Federalist | 1793 | Retired Democratic-Republican gain |
√ John J. Trigg (DR)[Note 7] |
Virginia 6 | Isaac Coles | Democratic-Republican | 1793 | Retired Democratic-Republican hold |
√ Matthew Clay (DR)[Note 7] |
Virginia 7 | Abraham B. Venable | Democratic-Republican | 1790 | Re-elected | √ Abraham B. Venable (DR)[Note 7] |
Virginia 8 | Thomas Claiborne | Democratic-Republican | 1793 | Re-elected | √ Thomas Claiborne (DR) 62.3% Jesse Browne (F) 37.7% |
Virginia 9 | William B. Giles | Democratic-Republican | 1790 | Re-elected | √ William B. Giles (DR)[Note 7] |
Virginia 10 | Carter B. Harrison | Democratic-Republican | 1793 | Re-elected | √ Carter B. Harrison (DR) 55.4% Edwin Gray (F) 44.6% |
Virginia 11 | Josiah Parker | Federalist | 1789 | Re-elected | √ Josiah Parker (F)[Note 7] |
Virginia 12 | John Page | Democratic-Republican | 1789 | Lost re-election Federalist gain |
√ Thomas Evans (F)[Note 7] John Page (DR) |
Virginia 13 | John Clopton | Democratic-Republican | 1795 | Re-elected | √ John Clopton (DR)[Note 7] Burwell Bassett (F) |
Virginia 14 | Samuel J. Cabell | Democratic-Republican | 1795 | Re-elected | √ Samuel J. Cabell (DR)[Note 7] |
Virginia 15 | James Madison Jr. | Democratic-Republican | 1789 | Retired Democratic-Republican hold |
√ John Dawson (DR)[Note 7] Thomas Posey (F) |
Virginia 16 | Anthony New | Democratic-Republican | 1793 | Re-elected | √ Anthony New (DR) 70.6% Carter Braxton Jr. (F) 29.3% Robert P. Waring 0.1% |
Virginia 17 | Richard Brent | Democratic-Republican | 1795 | Re-elected | √ Richard Brent (DR) 100% Leven Powell (F)[Note 10] |
Virginia 18 | John Nicholas | Democratic-Republican | 1793 | Re-elected | √ John Nicholas (DR)[Note 7] John Blackwell (F) William Fitzhugh (F) |
Virginia 19 | John Heath | Democratic-Republican | 1793 | Retired Democratic-Republican hold |
√ Walter Jones (DR)[Note 7] Burgess Ball (F) |
Morgan's election in the 1st district was unsuccessfully challnged by Rutherford.[1]
One vacancy occurred during the 5th Congress on October 2, 1798, when William B. Giles (DR) of the 9th district resigned on the grounds of ill health and in protest against the Alien and Sedition Acts. He was replaced in a special election by Joseph Eggleston (DR).
See also
Notes
- ↑ Massachusetts electoral law required a majority for election, two additional trials were required in 3 districts held January 16, 1797 and April 3, 1797
- ↑ New Hampshire electoral law required a majority for election, a subsequent election was held to fill one seat held November 7, 1796
- ↑ Includes 1 plural district
- ↑ Vermont electoral law required a majority for election, two additional trials were held in one district on December 11, 1796 and February 7, 1797
- 1 2 3 4 5 Won special election to fill vacancy in 4th Congress
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Elected in subsequent special election
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 Source does not give numbers of votes or has incomplete data
- 1 2 3 Only candidates with at least 1% of the vote listed
- ↑ Although Winn had run as a Democratic-Republican in the previous election, the source used stated that he'd run as a Federalist in this election, however, by the time he returned to Congress in 1801 he was a Democratic-Republican again
- ↑ The source used does not list votes for Powell, but provides a citations stating "Col. Powell of Loudoun was expected to have been a candidate on this occasion; but from the present ill state of his health, it was understood he had declined and consequently had but a few votes." Columbian Mirror and Alexandria Gazette. March 21, 1797.
References
Bibliography
- "A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787-1825". Tufts Digital Library, Tufts University. Retrieved January 17, 2015.
- Dubin, Michael J. (March 1, 1998). United States Congressional Elections, 1788-1997: The Official Results of the Elections of the 1st Through 105th Congresses. McFarland and Company. ISBN 978-0786402830.
- Martis, Kenneth C. (January 1, 1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress, 1789-1989. Macmillan Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0029201701.
- "Party Divisions of the House of Representatives* 1789–Present". Office of the Historian, United States House of Representatives. Retrieved January 21, 2015.
External links
- Office of the Historian (Office of Art & Archives, Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives)