United States House of Representatives elections, 1818

United States House of Representatives elections, 1818

April 26, 1818 - August 12, 1819[Note 1]

All 186[Note 2] seats to the United States House of Representatives 94 seats were needed for a majority   Majority party Minority party   Leader Henry Clay John Sergeant Party Democratic-Republican Federalist Leader's seat Kentucky-2nd Pennsylvania-1st Last election 145 seats 40 seats Seats won 160[Note 2] 26 Seat change 15 14

Speaker before election Henry Clay Democratic-Republican Elected Speaker Henry Clay Democratic-Republican

Elections to the United States House of Representatives for the 16th Congress were held in the various states between April 28, 1818 (in New York) and August 12, 1819 (in North Carolina), with Alabama electing its first representatives September 20–21, 1819. The Congress assembled on December 6, 1819.

The election occurred in a time period that featured no pressing federal issues and a feeling of national consensus to the effectiveness of the ruling party. The Federalist collapse continued, as support for the party was dismal outside of New England due to a decline in an acceptance of their ideology and lingering anger over the secessionist doctrine produced at the Hartford Convention. The Democratic-Republicans used this election to increase their enormous majority.

Election summaries

Alabama and Maine were admitted during the 16th Congress. One new seat was added for Alabama,^[1] while Maine had split off from Massachusetts and so representatives from the former District of Maine continued in Congress representing Maine, and no general election was held for Representatives from Maine during this Congress. In the next election, 7 seats were transferred from Massachusetts to Maine.^[2]

↓

160	26
Democratic-Republican	Federalist

State	Type	Date	Total seats	Democratic- Republican	Federalist
				Seats	Change	Seats	Change
Connecticut	At-large	September 21, 1818	7	7	7	0	7
Delaware	At-large	October 5, 1818	2	1		1
Georgia	At-large	October 5, 1818	6	6		0
Indiana	At-large	August 3, 1818	1	1		0
Kentucky	District (10)	August 3, 1818	10	10		0
Louisiana	At-large	July 6–8, 1818	1	1		0
Maryland	District (8[Note 3])	October 5, 1818	9	6	1	3	1
Massachusetts	District (20)	November 2, 1818	20	13	4	7	4
New Jersey	At-large	October 13, 1818	6	6		0
New York	District (21[Note 4])	April 28–30, 1818	27	21	1	6	1
Ohio	District (6)	October 13, 1818	6	5		1
Pennsylvania	District (15[Note 4]	October 13, 1818	23	19		4
Rhode Island	At-large	August 25, 1818	2	2	2	0	2
South Carolina	District (9)	October 12–13, 1818	9	9		0
Vermont	At-large	September 1, 1818	6	6		0
1819 elections
Alabama	At-large	September 20–21, 1819	1	1	1	0
Illinois	At-large	August 2, 1819	1	1		0
Mississippi	At-large	August 2–3, 1819	1	1		0
New Hampshire	At-large	March 9, 1819	6	6		0
North Carolina	District (13)	August 12, 1819	13	10	1	3	1
Tennessee	District (6)	August 5–6, 1819	6	6		0
Virginia	District (23)	April, 1819	23	20		3
Total[Note 2]			186	160 86.0%	14	26 14.0%	13

House seats
D-R			86.02%
Federalist			13.98%

Late elections to the 15th Congress

Illinois

The state of Illinois was admitted on December 3, 1818^[3] during the Second Session of the 15th Congress.

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
Illinois at-large	None (District created)			New seat Democratic-Republican gain	John McLean (DR) 50.2% Daniel P. Cook (DR) 49.8%

McLean took office on December 4.^[3]

Complete results

Alabama

Alabama was admitted as a state on December 14, 1819^[4]

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
Alabama at-large	None (District created)			New seat Democratic-Republican gain	John Crowell[Note 5] (DR) 53.2% Henry Chambers (DR) 46.8%

Connecticut

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates[Note 6]
Connecticut at-large 7 seats on a general ticket	Ebenezer Huntington	Federalist	1817 (special)	Retired Democratic-Republican gain	James Stevens (DR) 10.3% Jonathan O. Moseley (DR) 9.8% Gideon Tomlinson (DR) 9.5% Elisha Phelps (DR) 8.7% John Russ (DR) 7.5% Henry W. Edwards (DR) 7.4% Samuel A. Foot (DR) 7.3% David Bolles (DR) 5.9% Ralph Ingersoll (DR) 5.4% Noyes Barber (DR) 4.2% Christopher Manwarring (DR) 4.2% Orange Merwin (DR) 4.1% John T. Peters (DR) 4.0% Calvin Willey (DR) 3.9% Elisha Tracy (DR) 3.3% Seth P. Beers (DR) 3.0%
	Jonathan O. Moseley	Federalist	1804	Re-elected as Democratic-Republican
	Samuel B. Sherwood	Federalist	1816	Retired Democratic-Republican gain
	Timothy Pitkin	Federalist	1805 (special)	Retired Democratic-Republican gain
	Nathaniel Terry	Federalist	1817 (special)	Retired Democratic-Republican gain
	Thomas Scott Williams	Federalist	1816	Retired Democratic-Republican gain
	Sylvester Gilbert	Democratic-Republican	1818 (special)	Retired Democratic-Republican hold

Delaware

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates[Note 6]
Delaware at-large 2 seats on a general ticket	Louis McLane	Federalist	1816	Re-elected	Louis McLane (F) 26.0% Willard Hall (DR) 25.2% Thomas Clayton (F) 24.3% George Read, Jr. (DR) 23.6%
	Willard Hall	Democratic-Republican	1816	Re-elected

Willard Hall (DR) resigned January 22, 1821, having been appointed Secretary of State of Delaware. His seat was left vacant for the remainder of the 16th Congress.

Georgia

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
Georgia at-large 6 seats on a general ticket	William Terrell	Democratic-Republican	1816	Re-elected	John Forsyth (DR) 16.7% John A. Cuthbert (DR) 15.8% William Terrell (DR) 15.8% Joel Crawford (DR) 15.2% Joel Abbot (DR) 14.6% Thomas W. Cobb (DR) 14.6% Richard Henry Wilde (DR) 7.4%
	Joel Crawford	Democratic-Republican	1816	Re-elected
	Joel Abbot	Democratic-Republican	1816	Re-elected
	Zadock Cook	Democratic-Republican	1816 (special)	Retired Democratic-Republican hold
	John Forsyth	Democratic-Republican	1812	Re-elected
	Thomas W. Cobb	Democratic-Republican	1816	Re-elected

John Forsyth (DR) resigned after being elected to the Senate before the start of the 16th Congress. A special election was held to fill the vacancies left in both the 15th and 16th Congresses, which was won by Robert R. Reid (DR).

Illinois

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates[Note 6]
Illinois at-large	John McLean	Democratic-Republican	1818[Note 7]	Lost re-election Democratic-Republican hold	Daniel P. Cook (DR) 59.4% John McLean (DR) 40.6%

Indiana

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
Indiana at-large	William Hendricks	Democratic-Republican	1816	Re-elected	William Hendricks (DR) 90.5% Reuben W. Nelson 9.5%

Kentucky

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
Kentucky 1	David Trimble	Democratic-Republican	1816	Re-elected	David Trimble (DR) 70.6% Thomas Fletcher (DR) 29.4%
Kentucky 2	Henry Clay	Democratic-Republican	1810 1814	Re-elected	Henry Clay (DR) 100%
Kentucky 3	Richard M. Johnson	Democratic-Republican	1806	Retired Democratic-Republican hold	William Brown (DR) 59.0% Benjamin Taylor (F) 41.0%
Kentucky 4	Joseph Desha	Democratic-Republican	1806	Lost re-election Democratic-Republican hold	Thomas Metcalfe (DR) 61.9% Joseph Desha (DR) 38.1%
Kentucky 5	Anthony New	Democratic-Republican	1810 1816	Retired Democratic-Republican hold	Alney McLean (DR) 54.3% Matthew Lyon (DR) 45.7%
Kentucky 6	David Walker	Democratic-Republican	1816	Re-elected	David Walker (DR) 78.5% Francis Johnson[Note 8] (DR) 14.0% Benbrook[Note 9] 7.5%
Kentucky 7	George Robertson	Democratic-Republican	1816	Re-elected	George Robertson (DR) 100%
Kentucky 8	Richard C. Anderson, Jr.	Democratic-Republican	1816	Re-elected	Richard C. Anderson, Jr. (DR) 100%
Kentucky 9	Tunstall Quarles	Democratic-Republican	1816	Re-elected	Tunstall Quarles[Note 10] (DR)
Kentucky 10	Thomas Speed	Democratic-Republican	1816	Retired Democratic-Republican hold	Benjamin Hardin (DR) 31.2% Richard Rudd 30.9% John Rowan (DR) 26.0% John Hays 11.9%

David Walker (DR) of the 6th district died on March 1, 1820 and was replaced in a special election by Francis Johnson (DR)

Tunstall Quarles (DR) of the 9th district resigned and was replaced in a special election by Thomas Montgomery (DR).

Louisiana

Louisiana held an election for the 16th Congress at the same time as it held a special election. Data were only available for the special election, but the general election would presumably have had very similar results, and so the results for the special election are duplicated here

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates[Note 6]
Louisiana at-large	Previous incumbent Thomas B. Robertson (DR) resigned April 20, 1818			Democratic-Republican hold	Thomas Butler[Note 11] (DR) 45.1% Edward Livingston (DR) 33.4% Joseph Johnston 19.6% Fulwar Skipwith 1.5%

Maryland

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates[Note 6]
Maryland 1	Philip Stuart	Federalist	1810	Retired Federalist hold	Raphael Neale (F) 39.8% Nicholas Stonestreet (F) 38.6% Henry G.S. Key (F) 21.5%
Maryland 2	John C. Herbert	Federalist	1814	Retired Democratic-Republican gain	Joseph Kent (DR) 56.7% John C. Weems (F) 43.3%
Maryland 3	George Peter	Federalist	1816	Lost re-election Federalist hold	Henry R. Warfield (F) 59.1% George Peter (F) 40.9%
Maryland 4	Samuel Ringgold	Democratic-Republican	1810 1816	Re-elected	Samuel Ringgold (DR) 97.7% Benjamin Galloway (F) 2.1%
Maryland 5 Plural district with 2 seats	Samuel Smith	Democratic-Republican	1792 1816	Re-elected	Samuel Smith (DR) 50.3% Peter Little (DR) 49.7%
	Peter Little	Democratic-Republican	1810 1816	Re-elected
Maryland 6	Philip Reed	Democratic-Republican	1816	Lost re-election Democratic-Republican hold	Stevenson Archer (DR) 56.1% Philip Reed (DR) 43.9%
Maryland 7	Thomas Culbreth	Democratic-Republican	1816	Re-elected	Thomas Culbreth (DR) 70.0% Robert Wright (DR) 30.0%
Maryland 8	Thomas Bayly	Federalist	1816	Re-elected	Thomas Bayly (F) 98.3% Charles Goldsborough (F) 1.4%

Massachusetts

Massachusetts' electoral law required a majority for election, necessitating additional elections in five districts.

District[Note 12]		Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates[Note 6]
						First trial	Second trial	Third trial
Massachusetts 1 Known as the Suffolk district		Jonathan Mason	Federalist	1817 (special)	Re-elected	Jonathan Mason (F) 64.5% Andrew Ritchie (DR) 35.5%
Massachusetts 2 Known as the Essex South district		Nathaniel Silsbee	Democratic-Republican	1816	Re-elected	Nathaniel Silsbee (DR) 64.2% Timothy Pickering (F) 34.5% Thomas Stevens (F) 1.3%
Massachusetts 3 Known as the Essex North district		Jeremiah Nelson	Federalist	1804 1814	Re-elected	Jeremiah Nelson (F) 87.0% Joseph Bradley Varnum (DR) 7.9% Others 5.1%
Massachusetts 4 Known as the Middlesex district		Timothy Fuller	Democratic-Republican	1816	Re-elected	Timothy Fuller (DR) 63.9% Samuel P. Fay (F) 36.1%
Massachusetts 5 Known as the Hampshire South district		Elijah H. Mills	Federalist	1814	Retired Federalist hold	Samuel Lathrop (F) 48.1% Isaac C. Bates (F) 22.7% Thomas Shepherd (DR) 19.6% Joseph Lyman (F) 9.5%	Samuel Lathrop (F) 55.5% Thomas Shepherd (DR) 27.7% Joseph Lyman (F) 16.8%
Massachusetts 6 Known as the Hampshire North district		Samuel C. Allen	Federalist	1816	Re-elected	Samuel C. Allen (F) 86.2% Elihu Lyman (DR) 8.0% Others 5.8%
Massachusetts 7 Known as the Berkshire district		Henry Shaw	Democratic-Republican	1816	Re-elected	Henry Shaw (DR) 48.8% Henry W. Dwight (F) 47.0% Ambrose Hall 2.7% Others 1.5%	Henry Shaw (DR) 50.8% Henry W. Dwight (F) 45.8% Others 3.4%
Massachusetts 8 Known as the Plymouth district		Zabdiel Sampson	Democratic-Republican	1816	Re-elected	Zabdiel Sampson (DR) 59.6% William Bourne (F) 40.4%
Massachusetts 9 Known as the Barnstable district		Walter Folger, Jr.	Democratic-Republican	1816	Re-elected	Walter Folger, Jr. (DR) 51.3% John Reed, Jr. (F) 48.7%
Massachusetts 10 Known as the Bristol district		Marcus Morton	Democratic-Republican	1816	Re-elected	Marcus Morton (DR) 55.0% Francis Baylies (F) 43.8% Hodijah Baylies 1.2%
Massachusetts 11 Known as the Worcester South district		Benjamin Adams	Federalist	1816	Re-elected	Benjamin Adams (F) 59.8% Sumner Barstow (DR) 40.2%
Massachusetts 12 Known as the Worcester North district		Solomon Strong	Federalist	1814	Retired Federalist hold	Jonas Kendall 63.5% Edmund Cushing (DR) 31.7% Others 4.8%
Massachusetts 13 Known as the Norfolk district		Nathaniel Ruggles	Federalist	1812	Lost re-election Democratic-Republican gain	Edward Dowse (DR) 54.9% Nathaniel Ruggles (F) 45.1%
District of Maine	Massachusetts 14 Known as the 1st Eastern district	John Holmes	Democratic-Republican	1816	Re-elected	John Holmes (DR) 93.6% Others 6.4%
	Massachusetts 15 Known as the 2nd Eastern district	Ezekiel Whitman	Federalist	1808 1816	Re-elected	Ezekiel Whitman (F) 54.0% Arthur Ware (DR) 46.0%
	Massachusetts 16 Known as the 3rd Eastern district	Benjamin Orr	Federalist	1816	Lost re-election Democratic-Republican gain	Mark L. Hill (DR) 48.6% Benjamin Orr (F) 38.0% Others 13.4%	Mark L. Hill (DR) 52.1%[Note 13] Benjamin Orr (F) 41.3% Joshua Head (F) 7.3%	Mark L. Hill (DR) 52.1% Benjamin Orr (F) 47.9%
	Massachusetts 17 Known as the 4th Eastern district	John Wilson	Federalist	1816	Lost re-election Democratic-Republican gain	Martin Kinsley (DR) 41.3% John Wilson (F) 29.9% Leonard Jarvis (DR) 24.7% Others 4.1%	Martin Kinsley (DR) 48.3% John Wilson (F) 29.9% Leonard Jarvis (DR) 15.7% Others 6.1%	Martin Kinsley (DR) 61.7% John Wilson (F) 29.3% Leonard Jarvis (DR) 2.4% Others 6.7%
	Massachusetts 18 Known as the 5th Eastern district	Thomas Rice	Federalist	1814	Lost re-election Democratic-Republican gain	James Parker (DR) 49.7% Peter Grant (F) 41.8% Joshua Gage (DR) 5.3% Others 3.2%	James Parker (DR) 57.3% Thomas Rice (F) 34.8% Joshua Gage (DR) 7.2%
	Massachusetts 19 Known as the 6th Eastern district	Joshua Gage	Democratic-Republican	1816	Ran in 18th district Democratic-Republican hold	Joshua Cushman (DR) 56.1% Thomas Rice (F) 43.9%
	Massachusetts 20 Known as the 7th Eastern district	Enoch Lincoln	Democratic-Republican	1818 (special)	Re-elected	Enoch Lincoln (DR) 66.6% Samuel A. Bradley (F) 33.4%

This was the last election in which the District of Maine was part of Massachusetts. The District became the State of Maine during the 16th Congress.

Jonathan Mason of the 1st district resigned May 15, 1820 and was replaced in a special election by Benjamin Gorham (DR)

Zabdiel Sampson (DR) of the 8th district resigned July 26, 1820 after being appointed collector of customs in Plymouth and was replaced in a special election by Aaron Hobart (DR).

Edward Dowse (DR) of the 13th district resigned May 26, 1820 and was replaced in a special election by William Eustis (DR)

John Holmes (DR) of the 14th district resigned March 15, 1820, after having been elected as one of the first two Senators for Maine, which vacancy was filled in a special election in Maine.

Mississippi

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
Mississippi at-large	George Poindexter	Democratic-Republican	1817	Retired Democratic-Republican hold	Christopher Rankin (DR) 68.9% Cowles Mead (DR) 31.1%

New Hampshire

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
New Hampshire at-large 6 seats on a general ticket	Josiah Butler	Democratic-Republican	1816	Re-elected	Arthur Livermore (DR) 11.5% Nathaniel Upham (DR) 11.1% Josiah Butler (DR) 11.0% Clifton Clagett (DR) 10.9% Joseph Buffum, Jr. (DR) 10.6% William Plumer, Jr. (DR) 8.8% Jeremiah Smith (F) 5.9% Levi Jackson (F) 5.8% Parker Noyes (F) 5.8% Stephen Moody (F) 5.7% Mills Olcott (F) 5.6% John Haven (F) 5.2% George Long (I) 2.3%
	Nathaniel Upham	Democratic-Republican	1816	Re-elected
	Clifton Clagett	Democratic-Republican	1802 1816	Re-elected
	Salma Hale	Democratic-Republican	1816	Retired Democratic-Republican hold
	John F. Parrott	Democratic-Republican	1816	Retired Democratic-Republican hold
	Arthur Livermore	Democratic-Republican	1816	Re-elected

New Jersey

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates[Note 6]
New Jersey at-large 6 seats on a general ticket	John Linn	Democratic-Republican	1816	Re-elected	Ephraim Bateman (DR) 16.3% John Linn (DR) 16.2% Joseph Bloomfield (DR) 15.4% Bernard Smith (DR) 15.1% Henry Southard (DR) 15.0% John Condit (DR) 10.1% Charles Kinsey[Note 8] (DR) 8.5% Lewis Condict (DR) 1.8%
	Charles Kinsey	Democratic-Republican	1816	Lost re-election Democratic-Republican hold
	Henry Southard	Democratic-Republican	1814	Re-elected
	Ephraim Bateman	Democratic-Republican	1814	Re-elected
	Joseph Bloomfield	Democratic-Republican	1816	Re-elected
	Benjamin Bennet	Democratic-Republican	1814	Lost re-election Democratic-Republican hold

John Condit (DR) resigned November 4, 1819 after having been appointed assistant collector of customs and was replaced in a special election by Charles Kinsey.^[4]

John Linn died in office January 5, 1821.^[4] His seat remained vacant for the remainder of the 16th Congress

New York

At this time, the Democratic-Republicans in New York were divided into two factions, the "Bucktails" who were opposed to Governor Dewitt Clinton's Erie Canal project, led by Martin Van Buren, and on the other side, Clinton's supporters, known as Clintonians. In many districts, the remaining Federalists allied with the Clintonians, with candidates running on a joint ticket. Several candidates who ran under that joint ticket cannot be clearly categorized, and are marked C/F. Others who ran under the joint ticket are marked by their party with a footnote indicating that they ran under the joint ticket.

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates[Note 6]
New York 1 Plural district with 2 seats	George Townsend	Democratic-Republican	1814	Retired Federalist gain	Silas Wood (F[Note 14]) 26.0% Ebenezer Sage[Note 15] (DR) 25.0% James Garretson (C/F) 23.9% James Guyon, Jr. (DR) 20.4%[Note 16] "James Guyon" 4.7%
	Tredwell Scudder	Democratic-Republican	1816	Retired Democratic-Republican hold
New York 2 Plural district with 2 seats	William Irving	Democratic-Republican	1813 (special)	Retired Democratic-Republican hold	Henry Meigs (DR) 35.9% Peter H. Wendover (DR) 35.7% Barent Gardenier (F[Note 14]) 28.4%
	Peter H. Wendover	Democratic-Republican	1814	Re-elected
New York 3	Caleb Tompkins	Democratic-Republican	1816	Re-elected	Caleb Tompkins (DR) 58.3% Benjamin Isaacs (C/F) 25.2% Philip Van Cortlandt (DR[Note 14]) 16.5%
New York 4	James Tallmadge, Jr.	Democratic-Republican	1817 (special)	Retired Federalist gain	Randall S. Street (F[Note 14]) 50.6% William H. Johnson (DR) 49.4%
New York 5	Philip J. Schuyler	Federalist	1816	Retired Federalist hold	James S. Strong (F[Note 14]) 49.9% John I. Miller (DR) 31.7% Robert Le Roy Livingston (F[Note 14]) 18.4%
New York 6	James W. Wilkin	Democratic-Republican	1815 (special)	Retired Democratic-Republican hold	Walter Case (DR) 100%
New York 7	Josiah Hasbrouck	Democratic-Republican	1802 1816	Retired Democratic-Republican hold	Jacob H. De Witt (DR) 100%
New York 8	Dorrance Kirtland	Democratic-Republican	1816	Retired Democratic-Republican hold	Robert Clark (DR) 55.5% Jabez Bostwick (F) 44.5%
New York 9	Rensselaer Westerlo	Federalist	1816	Retired Federalist hold	Solomon Van Rensselaer (F) 100%
New York 10	John P. Cushman	Federalist	1816	Retired Federalist hold	John D. Dickinson (F) 52.7% William McManus (DR) 47.3%
New York 11	John W. Taylor	Democratic-Republican	1812	Re-elected	John W. Taylor (DR) 72.8% James Thompson (F) 27.2%
New York 12 Plural district with 2 seats	John Savage	Democratic-Republican	1814	Retired Democratic-Republican hold	Nathaniel Pitcher (DR) 37.8% Ezra C. Gross (DR) 32.7% David Abel Russell (F) 21.0% Halsey Rogers (DR) 8.5%
	John Palmer	Democratic-Republican	1816	Retired Democratic-Republican hold
New York 13	Thomas Lawyer	Democratic-Republican	1816	Retired Democratic-Republican hold	Harmanus Peek (DR) 55.9% Isaac H. Tiffany (F) 44.1%
New York 14	John Herkimer	Democratic-Republican	1816	Retired Democratic-Republican hold	John Fay (DR) 56.9% John Veeder (F) 43.1%
New York 15 Plural district with 2 seats	Isaac Williams, Jr.	Democratic-Republican	1813 (special) 1816	Retired Democratic-Republican hold	Robert Monell (DR[Note 14]) 26.3% Joseph S. Lyman (DR[Note 14]) 25.8% Samuel Campbell (DR) 24.3% Edward Pratt (DR) 23.6%
	John R. Drake	Democratic-Republican	1816	Retired Democratic-Republican hold
New York 16	Henry R. Storrs	Federalist	1816	Re-elected	Henry R. Storrs (F[Note 14]) 95.1% Allen Fraser (DR) 4.9%
New York 17	Thomas H. Hubbard	Democratic-Republican	1816	Retired Democratic-Republican hold	Aaron Hackley, Jr. (DR) 98.8% Simeon Ford (C/F) 1.2%
New York 18	David A. Ogden	Federalist	1816	Retired Democratic-Republican gain	William D. Ford (DR) 74.2% Horatio Orvis (C/F) 25.8%
New York 19	James Porter	Democratic-Republican	1816	Retired Democratic-Republican hold	George Hall (DR) 97.9% H. O. Wattles[Note 9] (F) 2.1%
New York 20 Plural district with 2 seats	Daniel Cruger	Democratic-Republican	1816	Retired Democratic-Republican hold	Jonathan Richmond (DR) 50.3% Caleb Baker (DR) 49.7%
	Oliver C. Comstock	Democratic-Republican	1812	Retired Democratic-Republican hold
New York 21 Plural district with 2 seats	Benjamin Ellicott	Democratic-Republican	1816	Lost re-election Democratic-Republican hold	Nathaniel Allen (DR) 52.4% Albert H. Tracy 46.8%
	John C. Spencer	Democratic-Republican	1816	Retired Democratic-Republican hold

In the 1st district, an election dispute arose. Initial returns showed the winners to be Silas Wood and Ebenezer Sage. This election was contested, however, on the grounds that there were 396 votes for "James Guyon" which, when added to the total number of votes reported for James Guyon, Jr., would place Guyon in second place, above Sage. Sage never appeared to take his seat, and Guyon was awarded the seat on January 14, 1820^[4]

North Carolina

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates[Note 6]
North Carolina 1	Lemuel Sawyer	Democratic-Republican	1807 1817	Re-elected	Lemuel Sawyer[Note 10] (DR) Voight[Note 9]
North Carolina 2	Joseph H. Bryan	Democratic-Republican	1815	Retired Democratic-Republican hold	Hutchins G. Burton[Note 10] (DR)
North Carolina 3	Thomas H. Hall	Democratic-Republican	1817	Re-elected	Thomas H. Hall (DR) 78.2% John Holland (F) 21.8%
North Carolina 4	Jesse Slocumb	Federalist	1817	Re-elected	Jesse Slocumb[Note 17] (F)
North Carolina 5	James Owen	Democratic-Republican	1817	Retired Democratic-Republican hold	Charles Hooks (DR) 59.0% Samuel Stanford (F) 41.0%
North Carolina 6	Weldon N. Edwards	Democratic-Republican	1816 (special)	Re-elected	Weldon N. Edwards[Note 10] (DR)
North Carolina 7	James Stewart	Democratic-Republican	1818 (special)	Lost re-election Federalist gain	John Culpepper (F) 52.0% James Stewart (DR) 48.0%
North Carolina 8	James S. Smith	Democratic-Republican	1817	Re-elected	James S. Smith (DR) 54.6% Samuel Dickens (DR) 45.4%
North Carolina 9	Thomas Settle	Democratic-Republican	1817	Re-elected	Thomas Settle (DR) 98.8%[Note 18] William Snow (DR) 1.1%
North Carolina 10	Charles Fisher	Democratic-Republican	1819 (special)	Re-elected	Charles Fisher (DR) 65.1% W. Jones[Note 9] (F) 34.9%
North Carolina 11	William Davidson	Federalist	1818 (special)	Re-elected	William Davidson (F) 45.1% John F. Brevard (DR) 37.0% Henry W. Conner (DR) 17.9%
North Carolina 12	Felix Walker	Democratic-Republican	1817	Re-elected	Felix Walker[Note 19] (DR) Joseph M.D. Carson (DR)
North Carolina 13	Lewis Williams	Democratic-Republican	1815	Re-elected	Lewis Williams[Note 10] (DR)

In the 4th district, Jesse Slocumb (F) died on December 20, 1820. A special election was held to fill the resulting vacancy, which elected William S. Blackledge (DR), seated February 7, 1821.^[4]

Ohio

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates[Note 6]
Ohio 1	William Henry Harrison	Democratic-Republican	1816	Retired Democratic-Republican hold	Thomas R. Ross (DR) 48.7% John H. Platt 28.9% Ethan Stone 22.4%
Ohio 2	John W. Campbell	Democratic-Republican	1816	Re-elected	John W. Campbell (DR) 93.0% James Burin 7.0%
Ohio 3	Levi Barber	Democratic-Republican	1816	Lost re-election Democratic-Republican hold	Henry Brush (DR) 41.1% Levi Barber (DR) 30.3% Edward Tupper 28.6%
Ohio 4	Samuel Herrick	Democratic-Republican	1816	Re-elected	Samuel Herrick (DR) 52.9% John C. Wright (F) 46.4%
Ohio 5	Philemon Beecher	Federalist	1816	Re-elected	Philemon Beecher (F) 51.6% Joseph Vance (DR) 47.7%
Ohio 6	Peter Hitchcock	Democratic-Republican	1816	Lost re-election Democratic-Republican hold	John Sloane (DR) 51.7% Peter Hitchcock (DR) 46.2% Benjamin Martin 2.1%

Pennsylvania

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates[5]
Pennsylvania 1 Plural district with 4 seats	Joseph Hopkinson	Federalist	1814	Retired Federalist hold	John Sergeant (F) 14.2% Joseph Hemphill (F) 14.2% Samuel Edwards (F) 13.8% Thomas Forrest (F) 13.2% Nicholas Biddle (DR) 11.7% John Connelly (DR) 10.9% George G. Leiper (DR) 10.7% Jacob Somner (DR) 10.7% Charles Hare (DR) 0.5%
	Adam Seybert	Democratic-Republican	1808 1816	Retired Federalist gain
	William Anderson	Democratic-Republican	1808 1816	Retired Federalist gain
	John Sergeant	Federalist	1815 (special)	Re-elected
Pennsylvania 2 Plural district with 2 seats	Levi Pawling	Federalist	1816	Lost re-election Democratic-Republican gain	William Darlington (DR) 27.0% Samuel Gross (DR) 26.5% Levi Pawling (F) 23.4% James Kelton (F) 23.1%
	Isaac Darlington	Federalist	1816	Retired Democratic-Republican gain
Pennsylvania 3 Plural district with 2 seats	James M. Wallace	Democratic-Republican	1815 (special)	Re-elected	Jacob Hibshman (DR) 26.6% James M. Wallace (DR) 26.3% James Montgomery (F) 23.6% John Whiteside (F[Note 20]) 23.4%
	John Whiteside	Democratic-Republican	1814	Lost re-election Democratic-Republican hold
Pennsylvania 4	Previous incumbent Jacob Spangler (DR) resigned April 20, 1818			Democratic-Republican hold	Jacob Hostetter (DR) 100%
Pennsylvania 5 Plural district with 2 seats	Andrew Boden	Democratic-Republican	1816	Re-elected	David Fullerton (DR) 30.3% Andrew Boden (DR) 29.4% Alexander Cobean (F) 20.6% John P. Helfenstein (F) 19.8%
	William Maclay	Democratic-Republican	1814	Retired Democratic-Republican hold
Pennsylvania 6 Plural district with 2 seats	Previous incumbent Samuel D. Ingham (DR) resigned July 6, 1818			Democratic-Republican hold	Samuel Moore[Note 11] (DR) 50.6% Thomas J. Rogers (DR) 49.4%
	Thomas J. Rogers	Democratic-Republican	1818 (special)	Re-elected
Pennsylvania 7	Joseph Hiester	Democratic-Republican	1798 1814	Re-elected	Joseph Hiester (DR) 65.7% Jonathan Hudson (DR) 34.3%
Pennsylvania 8	Alexander Ogle	Democratic-Republican	1816	Retired Democratic-Republican hold	Robert Philson (DR) 59.6% John A. Bard (F) 40.4%
Pennsylvania 9	William P. Maclay	Democratic-Republican	1816	Re-elected	William P. Maclay (DR) 77.6% John Brown (DR) 22.4%
Pennsylvania 10 Plural district with 2 seats	William Wilson	Democratic-Republican	1814	Retired Democratic-Republican hold	John Murray (DR) 50.4% George Denison (DR) 49.6%
	John Murray	Democratic-Republican	1817 (special)	Re-elected
Pennsylvania 11	David Marchand	Democratic-Republican	1816	Re-elected	David Marchand (DR) 52.6% James Kelly (F) 47.4%
Pennsylvania 12	Thomas Patterson	Democratic-Republican	1816	Re-elected	Thomas Patterson (DR) 64.2% Joseph Pentecost (F) 35.8%
Pennsylvania 13	Christian Tarr	Democratic-Republican	1816	Re-elected	Christian Tarr (DR) 78.7%[Note 18] Henry Heaton (DR) 21.3%
Pennsylvania 14	Henry Baldwin	Democratic-Republican	1816	Re-elected	Henry Baldwin (DR) 55.1% Samuel Douglas (DR) 44.9%
Pennsylvania 15	Robert Moore	Democratic-Republican	1816	Re-elected	Robert Moore (DR) 53.3% Thomas Wilson (DR) 46.7%

Two vacancies occurred during the 16th Congress. In the 5th district, David Fullerton (DR) resigned on May 15, 1820. A special election was held which filled the resulting vacancy by Thomas G. McCullough (F). In the 7th district, Joseph Hiester (DR) resigned in December, 1820, having been elected Governor of Pennsylvania and was replaced by Daniel Udree (DR)

Rhode Island

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
Rhode Island at-large 2 seats on a general ticket	John L. Boss, Jr.	Federalist	1814	Retired Democratic-Republican gain	Samuel Eddy (DR) 50.3% Nathaniel Hazard (DR) 49.4% Others 0.3%
	James B. Mason	Federalist	1814	Retired Democratic-Republican gain

South Carolina

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
South Carolina 1	Henry Middleton	Democratic-Republican	1814	Retired Democratic-Republican hold	Charles Pinckney (DR) 49.0% Daniel Elliott Huger (DR) 34.1% William Crafts, Jr. (F) 16.9%
South Carolina 2	William Lowndes	Democratic-Republican	1810	Re-elected	William Lowndes (DR) 100%
South Carolina 3	James Ervin	Democratic-Republican	1816	Re-elected	James Ervin (DR) 100%
South Carolina 4	Joseph Bellinger	Democratic-Republican	1816	Retired Democratic-Republican hold	James Overstreet (DR) 41.0% John J. Chappell (DR) 35.2% John M. Felder (F) 23.8%
South Carolina 5	Starling Tucker	Democratic-Republican	1816	Re-elected	Starling Tucker (DR) 50.8% William Brown (DR) 28.5% Philip E. Pearson (DR) 20.7%
South Carolina 6	Eldred Simkins	Democratic-Republican	1818 (special)	Re-elected	Eldred Simkins (DR) 54.1% Joseph Black (DR) 25.9% William Butler (DR) 19.9%
South Carolina 7	Elias Earle	Democratic-Republican	1804 1816	Re-elected	Elias Earle (DR) 53.7% John H. Harrison (DR) 46.3%
South Carolina 8	Wilson Nesbitt	Democratic-Republican	1816	Retired Democratic-Republican hold	John McCreary (DR) 100%
South Carolina 9	Stephen D. Miller	Democratic-Republican	1816	Retired Democratic-Republican hold	Joseph Brevard (DR) 91.9%[Note 18] James C. Postell (F) 8.1%

Tennessee

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
Tennessee 1	John Rhea	Democratic-Republican	1803 1817	Re-elected	John Rhea (DR) 46.4% John Tipton 42.3% John Kennedy 11.3%
Tennessee 2	William G. Blount	Democratic-Republican	1815 (special)	Retired Democratic-Republican hold	John Cocke (DR) 52.5% James P.H. Porter 47.5%
Tennessee 3	Francis Jones	Democratic-Republican	1817	Re-elected	Francis Jones (DR) 61.6% John Brown 38.4%
Tennessee 4	Samuel E. Hogg	Democratic-Republican	1817	Retired Democratic-Republican hold	Robert Allen (DR) 61.3% William Hadley 38.7%
Tennessee 5	Thomas Claiborne	Democratic-Republican	1817	Retired Democratic-Republican hold	Newton Cannon (DR) 57.5% Jarvis Trimble 42.5%
Tennessee 6	George W. L. Marr	Democratic-Republican	1817	Retired Democratic-Republican hold	Henry H. Bryan (DR) 45.7% Robert Mark 38.2% James B. Reynolds (DR) 16.1%

Vermont

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates[Note 6]
Vermont at-large 6 seats on a general ticket	Orsamus Cook Merrill	Democratic-Republican	1816	Re-elected	Charles Rich (DR) 12.5% Mark Richards (DR) 12.4% William Strong (DR) 12.1% Samuel C. Crafts (DR) 10.1% Ezra Meech (DR) 9.4% Orsamus Cook Merrill (DR) 6.4% William A. Griswold (DR) 6.3% Rollin C. Mallary[Note 21] (DR) 6.3% John Peck (DR) 6.0% David Edmond (F) 4.3% Horace Everett (DR) 4.3% Phineas White (DR) 4.2% Richard Skinner (DR) 3.3%
	Mark Richards	Democratic-Republican	1816	Re-elected
	Charles Rich	Democratic-Republican	1812 1816	Re-elected
	Heman Allen	Democratic-Republican	1816	Lost re-election Democratic-Republican hold
	Samuel C. Crafts	Democratic-Republican	1816	Re-elected
	William Hunter	Democratic-Republican	1816	Lost re-election Democratic-Republican hold

Initial returns showed Mallary in 8th place with 6,879 votes and Merrill in 6th place with 6,955 votes, but after challenging the results, the House Committee on Elections declared Mallary the winner of the last seat with 6,961 votes, a 6-vote lead over Merrill. Mallary was seated on January 13, 1820.^[4]

Virginia

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates[Note 6]
Virginia 1	James Pindall	Federalist	1817	Re-elected	James Pindall (F) 77.2% William McKinley (DR) 22.8%
Virginia 2	Edward Colston	Federalist	1817	Lost re-election Federalist hold	Thomas Van Swearingen (F) 55.7% Edward Colston (F) 44.3%
Virginia 3	Henry St. George Tucker	Democratic-Republican	1815	Retired Democratic-Republican hold	Jared Williams (DR) 64.6% John Smith (DR) 35.4%
Virginia 4	William McCoy	Democratic-Republican	1811	Re-elected	William McCoy (DR) 100%
Virginia 5	John Floyd	Democratic-Republican	1817	Re-elected	John Floyd (DR) 100%
Virginia 6	Alexander Smyth	Democratic-Republican	1817	Re-elected	Alexander Smyth (DR) 100%
Virginia 7	Ballard Smith	Democratic-Republican	1815	Re-elected	Ballard Smith[Note 10] (DR)
Virginia 8	Charles F. Mercer	Federalist	1817	Re-elected	Charles F. Mercer (F) 100%
Virginia 9	William Lee Ball	Democratic-Republican	1817	Re-elected	William Lee Ball (DR) 53.4% John P. Hungerford (DR) 46.6%
Virginia 10	George Strother	Democratic-Republican	1817	Re-elected	George Strother (DR) 51.4% John Shackleford (F) 47.8%
Virginia 11	Philip P. Barbour	Democratic-Republican	1814 (special)	Re-elected	Philip P. Barbour (DR) 100%
Virginia 12	Robert S. Garnett	Democratic-Republican	1817	Re-elected	Robert S. Garnett[Note 10] (DR)
Virginia 13	Burwell Bassett	Democratic-Republican	1815	Retired Democratic-Republican hold	Severn E. Parker[Note 10] (DR) John Drury
Virginia 14	William A. Burwell	Democratic-Republican	1806 (special)	Re-elected	William A. Burwell[Note 10] (DR)
Virginia 15	William J. Lewis	Democratic-Republican	1817	Retired Democratic-Republican hold	George Tucker (DR) 72.2% John Kerr (DR) 27.8%
Virginia 16	Archibald Austin	Democratic-Republican	1817	Lost re-election Democratic-Republican hold	John Randolph (DR) 72.9% Archibald Austin (DR) 27.1%
Virginia 17	James Pleasants	Democratic-Republican	1811	Re-elected	James Pleasants[Note 10] (DR)
Virginia 18	Thomas M. Nelson	Democratic-Republican	1816 (special)	Retired Democratic-Republican hold	Mark Alexander (DR) 54.7% Theo Field (DR) 25.9% James Wyche (DR) 17.8%
Virginia 19	John Pegram	Democratic-Republican	1818 (special)	Lost re-election Democratic-Republican hold	James Jones (DR) 70.6% John Pegram[Note 11] (DR) 29.4%
Virginia 20	James Johnson	Democratic-Republican	1813	Re-elected	James Johnson (DR) 100%
Virginia 21	Thomas Newton, Jr.	Democratic-Republican	1797	Re-elected	Thomas Newton, Jr. (DR) 100%
Virginia 22	Hugh Nelson	Democratic-Republican	1811	Re-elected	Hugh Nelson[Note 10] (DR)
Virginia 23	John Tyler	Democratic-Republican	1816 (special)	Re-elected	John Tyler[Note 10] (DR)

There were five vacancies (four resignations and one death) during the 16th Congress, four of which were filled in special elections.^[4]

James Pindall (F) of the 1st district resigned on July 26, 1820 and was replaced in a special election by Edward B. Jackson (DR), who took office November 13, 1820

George F. Strother (DR) of the 10th district resigned on February 10, 1820 and was replaced in a special election by Thomas L. Moore (DR), who also took office November 13, 1820

William A. Burwell (DR) of the 14th district died February 16, 1821, less than a month before the end of the 16th Congress. His seat remained vacant for the remainder of the Congress.

James Pleasants (DR) of the 17th district resigned December 14, 1819, after having been elected Senator and was replaced in a special election by William S. Archer (DR), who took office January 18, 1820

James Johnson (DR) of the 20th district resigned February 1, 1820, and was replaced in a special election by John C. Gray (DR), who took his office November 13, 1820.

Non-voting delegates

There were four territories with the right to send non-voting delegates to at least part of the 16th Congress, two of which, Michigan Territory and Arkansas Territory were new to this Congress.

District	Incumbent	First elected	Result	Candidates
Alabama Territory at-large	Vacant			No delegate election as Alabama Territory was admitted to the Union at the start of the 1st Session of the 16th Congress.
Arkansas Territory at-large	None (District created)			James Woodson Bates 32.1% Stephen F. Austin 26.2% Alexander S. Walker 18.1% Henry Cassidy 12.2% Robert F. Slaughter 11.1% Perly Wallis 0.3%
Michigan Territory at-large	None (District created)			William Woodbridge[Note 10]
Missouri Territory at-large	John Scott	1816	Re-elected	John Scott 62.2% Samuel Hammond 37.7%

William Woodbridge of Michigan Territory resigned on August 9, 1820 due to family illness. A special election was held for the remainder of the 16th Congress which was won by Solomon Sibley.

See also

• United States elections, 1818
  • List of United States House of Representatives elections, 1789–1822
  • United States Senate elections, 1818 and 1819
• 15th United States Congress
• 16th United States Congress

Notes

1. Excludes states admitted after the start of the 16th Congress
2. Includes late elections
3. Includes 1 plural district
4. Includes 6 plural districts
5. Delegate for Alabama Territory
6. Only candidates with at least 1% of the vote listed
7. Late election to the 15th Congress
8. Elected in subsequent special election
9. Full name unknown
10. Numbers of votes missing or incomplete in source
11. Also elected in special election to fill vacancy in 15th Congress
12. District numbers differed between source used and elsewhere on Wikipedia; district numbers used elsewhere on Wikipedia used here
13. Electoral data presumably incomplete in source
14. Ran under Clintonian/Federalist joint ticket
15. Election contested
16. Successfully challenged Sage's election
17. The official certificate of vote in the General Assembly Session Records states that Slocumb won by 1,476 votes. No other returns are known to exist for this race.
18. Based on incomplete data
19. The Raleigh Register reported on September 3, 1819 that Walker won the race by 587 votes.
20. Changed parties
21. Successfully contested Merrill's election

References

1. 3 Stat. 492
2. 3 Stat. 555
3. Fifteenth Congress (membership roster)
4. Sixteenth Congress (membership roster)
5. Wilkes University Elections Statistics Project

Bibliography

• "A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787-1825". Tufts Digital Library, Tufts University. Retrieved January 17, 2015.
• Dubin, Michael J. (March 1, 1998). United States Congressional Elections, 1788-1997: The Official Results of the Elections of the 1st Through 105th Congresses. McFarland and Company. ISBN 978-0786402830.
• Martis, Kenneth C. (January 1, 1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress, 1789-1989. Macmillan Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0029201701.
• "Party Divisions of the House of Representatives* 1789–Present". Office of the Historian, United States House of Representatives. Retrieved January 21, 2015.

External links

• Office of the Historian (Office of Art & Archives, Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives)