United States House of Representatives elections, 1816

United States House of Representatives elections, 1816

April 30, 1816 - August 14, 1817[Note 1]

All 185[Note 2] seats to the United States House of Representatives 93 seats were needed for a majority   Majority party Minority party   Leader Henry Clay Timothy Pitkin Party Democratic-Republican Federalist Leader's seat Kentucky-2nd Connecticut-AL Last election 119 seats 64 seats Seats won 145[Note 2][Note 3] 40[Note 3] Seat change 26 24

Speaker before election Henry Clay Democratic-Republican Elected Speaker Henry Clay Democratic-Republican

Elections to the United States House of Representatives for the 15th Congress were held in the various states between April 1816 (in New York) and August 14, 1817 (in North Carolina). The Congress first met on December 1, 1817.

The Democratic-Republican Party made significant gains during this election cycle, which helped to usher in what is known as the Era of Good Feelings under President James Monroe, who was elected that year. The Federalist Party was in a state of collapse, in part because of the secessionist doctrine espoused by some party members from New England at the Hartford Convention of 1814–15. This created an almost treasonous image of the Federalist party outside its base in urban New England. The War of 1812 concluded in 1815 with a feeling of national pride, since the small American military had fought the much more powerful British forces to a stalemate. The end of the war and the foolhardy posturing of New England Federalists led voters to rally around the dominant Democratic-Republicans and usher in a period of nonpartisan, consensus governance, despite the remnants of party divisions.

The proportion of seats held by the Federalist party in the House of Representatives fell to less than a quarter. Even at that, the election of 1816 gave them the highest proportion of seats that they were ever able to secure before the national party ceased to function as of 1824. In the same period, the Democratic-Republicans enjoyed majorities never again approached by any American political party until the era of Reconstruction in the late 1860s.

Election summaries

The States of Mississippi and Illinois were admitted during the 15th Congress, adding one seat each.^[1][2] Mississippi was represented for most of both sessions, while Illinois was only represented during the 2nd session.

↓

145	40
Democratic-Republican	Federalist

State	Type	Date	Total seats	Democratic- Republican	Federalist
				Seats	Change	Seats	Change
Connecticut	At-large	September 16, 1816	7	0		7
Delaware	At-large	October 7, 1816	2	1	1	1	1
Georgia	At-large	October 7, 1816	6	6		0
Kentucky	District (10)	August 5, 1816	10	10		0
Louisiana	At-large	July 1–3, 1816	1	1		0
Maryland	District (8[Note 4])	October 6, 1816	9	5	1	4	1
Massachusetts	District (20)	November 4, 1816[Note 5]	20	9	7	11	7
New Hampshire	At-large	August 26, 1816	6	6	6	0	6
New Jersey	At-large	November 4–5, 1816	6	6		0
New York	District (21[Note 6])	April 30 – May 2, 1816	27	22	1	5	1
Ohio	District (6)	October 8, 1816	6	5	1	1	1
Pennsylvania	District (15[Note 6])	October 8, 1816	23	19	1	4	1
Rhode Island	At-large	August 27, 1816	2	0		2
South Carolina	District (9)	October 14–15, 1816	9	9	1	0	1
Vermont	At-large	September 3, 1816	6	6	6	0	6
1817 elections
Indiana	At-large	August 4, 1817	1	1		0
Mississippi	At-large	August 4–5, 1817	1	1	1	0
North Carolina	District (13)	August 14, 1817	13	11		2
Tennessee	District (6)	August 7–8, 1817	6	6		0
Virginia	District (23)	April, 1817	23	20	1	3	1
1818 elections
Illinois	At-large	September 17–19, 1818	1	1	1	0
Total[Note 2]			185	145[Note 3] 78.4%	26	40[Note 3] 21.6%	24

House seats
D-R			78.38%
Federalist			21.62%

Late elections to the 14th Congress

Indiana

Indiana was admitted as a state of the Union on December 11, 1816,^[3] during the Second Session of the 14th United States Congress.

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
Indiana at-large	None (District created)			New seat Democratic-Republican gain	William Hendricks (DR) 80.2% Allen Thom 19.7%

Hendricks took his seat on December 11, 1816.

Complete returns

Illinois elected its first representative in 1818

Connecticut

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
Connecticut at-large 7 seats on a general ticket	Benjamin Tallmadge	Federalist	1801 (special)	Retired Federalist hold	Sylvanus Backus (F) 13.7% Samuel B. Sherwood (F) 9.0% Charles Dennison (F) 8.9% Timothy Pitkin (F) 8.8% Thomas Scott Williams (F) 7.1% Jonathan O. Moseley (F) 7.0% Uriel Holmes (F) 6.7% Ebenezer Huntington[Note 7] (F) 6.6% Lyman Law (F) 6.4% Lewis B. Sturges (F) 6.2% Epaphroditus Champion (F) 5.9% Asa Bacon Jr. (F) 5.4% Nathaniel Terry[Note 7] (F) 4.4% Sylvester Gilbert[Note 7] (DR) 4.2%
	Jonathan O. Moseley	Federalist	1804	Re-elected
	Epaphroditus Champion	Federalist	1806	Lost re-election Federalist hold
	Timothy Pitkin	Federalist	1805 (special)	Re-elected
	Lewis B. Sturges	Federalist	1805 (special)	Lost re-election Federalist hold
	John Davenport	Federalist	1798	Retired Federalist hold
	Lyman Law	Federalist	1810	Lost re-election Federalist hold

Sylvanus Backus (F) died on February 15, 1817, and Charles Dennison declined to serve. A special election was held to fill the resulting vacancies, which elected Ebenezer Huntington (F) and Nathaniel Terry (F).

Uriel Holmes (F) resigned in 1818, and was replaced in a special election by Sylvester Gilbert (DR).

Delaware

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates[Note 8]
Delaware at-large 2 seats on a general ticket	Thomas Clayton	Federalist	1814	Lost re-election Federalist hold	Louis McLane (F) 24.0% Willard Hall (DR) 23.6% Caesar A. Rodney (DR) 23.5% Caleb Rodney (F) 23.0% Thomas Clayton (F) 3.3% Thomas Cooper (F) 2.6%
	Thomas Cooper	Federalist	1812	Lost re-election Democratic-Republican gain

Georgia

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
Georgia at-large 6 seats on a general ticket	Wilson Lumpkin	Democratic-Republican	1814	Lost re-election Democratic-Republican hold	William Terrell (DR) 10.9% Joel Crawford (DR) 10.5% Joel Abbot (DR) 9.6% Zadock Cook (DR) 8.4% Thomas W. Cobb (DR) 8.2% John Forsyth (DR) 7.9% John Dooly 7.3% Richard Henry Wilde (DR) 7.0% Homer Virgil Milton 6.8% Wilson Lumpkin (DR) 6.8% Alfred Cuthbert (DR) 6.4% Allen Daniel 6.3% Thomas Telfair (DR) 2.3% James Wood 1.6%
	Richard Henry Wilde	Democratic-Republican	1814	Lost re-election Democratic-Republican hold
	Bolling Hall	Democratic-Republican	1810	Retired Democratic-Republican hold
	Zadock Cook	Democratic-Republican	1816 (special)	Re-elected
	John Forsyth	Democratic-Republican	1812	Re-elected
	Thomas Telfair	Democratic-Republican	1812	Lost re-election Democratic-Republican hold

John Forsyth (DR) resigned on November 23, 1818, after being elected to the Senate. A special election was held on January 4, 1819, to fill the vacancies left in both the remainder of the 15th Congress and in the 16th Congress to which he had been re-elected before his resignation.

Indiana

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
Indiana at-large	William Hendricks	Democratic-Republican	1816	Re-elected	William Hendricks (DR) 60.1% Thomas Posey (DR) 39.9%

Kentucky

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
Kentucky 1	Previous incumbent James Clark (DR) resigned by August, 1816			Democratic-Republican hold	David Trimble (DR) 55.3% George Stockton 44.7%
Kentucky 2	Henry Clay	Democratic-Republican	1810 1814	Re-elected	Henry Clay (DR) 57.6% John Pope (DR) 42.4%
Kentucky 3	Richard M. Johnson	Democratic-Republican	1806	Re-elected	Richard M. Johnson (DR) 56.6% Benjamin Taylor (F) 43.4%
Kentucky 4	Joseph Desha	Democratic-Republican	1806	Re-elected	Joseph Desha (DR) 56.1% William Garrard 43.9%
Kentucky 5	Alney McLean	Democratic-Republican	1814	Retired Democratic-Republican hold	Anthony New (DR) 64.4% Benjamin W. Patton 35.6%
Kentucky 6	Solomon P. Sharp	Democratic-Republican	1812	Lost re-election Democratic-Republican hold	David Walker (DR) 54.2% William Thompson 37.7% Solomon P. Sharp (DR) 8.2%
Kentucky 7	Samuel McKee	Democratic-Republican	1808	Retired Democratic-Republican hold	George Robertson (DR) 62.3% Robert Caldwell 37.7%
Kentucky 8	Stephen Ormsby	Democratic-Republican	1810	Lost re-election Democratic-Republican hold	Richard C. Anderson, Jr. (DR) 56.8% Edward George 34.6% Stephen Ormsby (DR) 8.6%
Kentucky 9	Micah Taul	Democratic-Republican	1814	Retired Democratic-Republican hold	Tunstal Quarles[Note 9] (DR) Rife[Note 10]
Kentucky 10	Benjamin Hardin	Democratic-Republican	1814	Retired Democratic-Republican hold	Thomas Speed (DR) 42.3% James Crutcher 31.2% John Lancaster 26.5%

Louisiana

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
Louisiana at-large	Thomas B. Robertson	Democratic-Republican	1812	Re-elected	Thomas B. Robertson (DR) 100%

On April 20, 1818, Thomas B. Robertson (DR) resigned and was replaced in a special election by Thomas Butler (DR).

Maryland

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates[Note 8]
Maryland 1	Philip Stuart	Federalist	1810	Re-elected	Philip Stuart (F) 99.1%
Maryland 2	John C. Herbert	Federalist	1814	Re-elected	John C. Herbert (F) 50.6% Joshua Barney (DR) 49.2%
Maryland 3	Previous incumbent Alexander C. Hanson (F) resigned after being elected to the Senate			Federalist hold	George Peter[Note 11] (F) 46.0% Charles Kilgour (F) 30.4% Nicholas Snethen (DR) 23.6%
Maryland 4	George Baer, Jr.	Federalist	1796 1814	Retired Democratic-Republican gain	Samuel Ringgold (DR) 53.6% Matthew Van Lear (F) 46.3%
Maryland 5 Plural district with 2 seats	Samuel Smith	Democratic-Republican	1792 1816 (special)	Re-elected	Samuel Smith[Note 11] (DR) 42.0% Peter Little[Note 11] (DR) 31.4% Tobias Stansbury (DR) 26.6%
	Previous incumbent William Pinkney (DR) resigned April 18, 1816			Democratic-Republican hold
Maryland 6	Stevenson Archer	Democratic-Republican	1811 (special)	Lost re-election Democratic-Republican hold	Philip Reed (DR) 51.5% Stevenson Archer (DR) 48.5%
Maryland 7	Robert Wright	Democratic-Republican	1810 (special)	Retired Democratic-Republican hold	Thomas Culbreth (DR) 50.8% William Potter (F) 49.2%
Maryland 8	Charles Goldsborough	Federalist	1804	Retired Federalist hold	Thomas Bayly (F) 51.7% Ephraim King Wilson (F) 46.6% Thomas Williams (DR) 1.8%

Massachusetts

Massachusetts' electoral law required a majority for election. In five districts this was not met on the first election, requiring additional trials to be held.

District[Note 12]		Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
						First trial	Second trial	Third trial	Fourth trial	Fifth trial	Sixth trial
Massachusetts 1 Known as the Suffolk district		Artemas Ward Jr.	Federalist	1812	Retired Federalist hold	James Lloyd (F) 98.0% Benjamin Austin (DR) 2.0%
Massachusetts 2 Known as the Essex South district		Timothy Pickering	Federalist	1812	Retired Democratic-Republican gain	Nathaniel Silsbee (DR) 50.5% Thomas Stevens (F) 49.5%
Massachusetts 3 Known as the Essex North district		Jeremiah Nelson	Federalist	1804 1814	Re-elected	William B. Banister (F) 44.0% Thomas Kitteridge (DR) 39.4% Samuel L. Knapp (F) 9.7% Ebenezer Moseley (F) 5.7% Jeremiah Nelson (F) 1.2%	William B. Banister (F) 46.0% Thomas Kitteridge (DR) 39.0% Jeremiah Nelson (F) 11.8% Others 3.2%	Jeremiah Nelson (F) 57.7% Thomas Kitteridge (DR) 33.9% Others 8.4%
Massachusetts 4 Known as the Middlesex district		Asahel Stearns	Federalist	1814	Lost re-election Democratic-Republican gain	Timothy Fuller (DR) 55.0% Asahel Stearns (F) 45.0%
Massachusetts 5 Known as the Hampshire South district		Elijah H. Mills	Federalist	1814	Re-elected	Elijah H. Mills (F) 81.0% Enos Foot (DR) 9.9% Lewis Strong (F) 6.7% Others 2.5%
Massachusetts 6 Known as the Hampshire North district		Samuel Taggart	Federalist	1803	Retired Federalist hold	Samuel C. Allen (F) 67.7% Noah Webster (I) 15.6% Elihu Lyman (DR) 13.6% Others 3.2%
Massachusetts 7 Known as the Berkshire district		John W. Hulbert	Federalist	1812	Retired Democratic-Republican gain	Henry Shaw (DR) 52.2% Daniel Noble (F) 46.0% Others 1.8%
Massachusetts 8 Known as the Plymouth district		William Baylies	Federalist	1812	Retired Democratic-Republican gain	Zabdiel Sampson (DR) 49.2% Wilkes Wood (F) 46.2% Others 4.6%	Zabdiel Sampson (DR) 51.8% Wilkes Wood (F) 47.0% Others 1.2%
Massachusetts 9 Known as the Barnstable district		John Reed Jr.	Federalist	1812	Lost re-election Democratic-Republican gain	Walter Folger Jr. (DR) 49.7% John Reed Jr. (F) 36.4% Elijah Cobb (F) 10.4% Others 3.5%	Walter Folger Jr. (DR) 46.9% John Reed Jr. (F) 30.2% Thadeus Coffin (F) 21.4% Elijah Cobb (F) 1.5%	Walter Folger Jr. (DR) 52.8% John Reed Jr. (F) 39.5% William Wills (F) 6.2% Others 1.6%
Massachusetts 10 Known as the Bristol district		Laban Wheaton	Federalist	1808	Retired Democratic-Republican gain	Marcus Morton (DR) 50.6% Samuel Crocker (F) 46.3% Others 3.1%
Massachusetts 11 Known as the Worcester South district		Elijah Brigham	Federalist	1810	Retired Federalist hold	Benjamin Adams (F) 66.3% Abraham Lincoln (DR) 30.6% Levi Lincoln Sr. (DR) 3.1%
Massachusetts 12 Known as the Worcester North district		Solomon Strong	Federalist	1814	Re-elected	Solomon Strong (F) 69.4% Edmund Cushing (DR) 30.6%
Massachusetts 13 Known as the Norfolk district		Nathaniel Ruggles	Federalist	1812	Re-elected	Nathaniel Ruggles (F) 50.4% Ebenezer Seaver D(R) 46.9% Others 2.7%
District of Maine	Massachusetts 14 Known as the 1st Eastern district	Cyrus King	Federalist	1812	Lost re-election Democratic-Republican gain	John Holmes (DR) 58.9% Cyrus King (F) 38.0% Others 3.1%
	Massachusetts 15 Known as the 2nd Eastern district	George Bradbury	Federalist	1812	Retired Federalist hold	Ezekiel Whitman (F) 51.5% Mark Harris (DR) 48.5%
	Massachusetts 16 Known as the 3rd Eastern district	Benjamin Brown	Federalist	1812	Ran for re-election in the 18th district Federalist hold	Benjamin Orr (F) 63.3% Erastus Foote (DR) 36.7%
	Massachusetts 17 Known as the 4th Eastern district	James Carr	Democratic-Republican	1814	Retired Federalist gain	John Wilson (F) 55.2% Martin Kinsley (DR) 44.8%
	Massachusetts 18 Known as the 5th Eastern district	Thomas Rice	Federalist	1814	Re-elected	Benjamin Brown (F) 41.2% Nathan Cutler (DR) 31.6% Samuel S. Conner (DR) 27.2%	Benjamin Brown (F) 45.0% Samuel S. Conner (DR) 22.5% Nathan Cutler (DR) 21.9% Others 10.6%	Benjamin Brown (F) 39.4% Samuel S. Conner (DR) 31.4% Nathan Cutler (DR) 15.9% Obed Wilson (DR) 7.0% Joshua Cushman (DR) 3.1% Others 3.2%	Thomas Rice (F) 48.7% Samuel S. Conner (DR) 37.8% Obed Wilson (DR) 7.5% Joshua Cushman (DR) 2.5% Others 3.5%	Joshua Cushman (DR) 47.2% Thomas Rice (F) 40.4% Others 12.4%	Thomas Rice (F) 51.0% Joshua Cushman (DR) 45.6% Others 3.4%
	Massachusetts 19 Known as the 6th Eastern district	Samuel S. Conner	Democratic-Republican	1814	Ran in 18th district Democratic-Republican hold	James Parker (DR) 42.9% Thomas Rice (F) 41.2% John Chandler (DR) 15.0% Others 0.9%	Thomas Rice (F) 38.2% John Chandler (DR) 31.7% James Parker (DR) 30.1%	James Parker (DR) 43.8% Peter Grant (F) 39.0% Thomas Rice (F) 6.5% Joshua Gage (DR) 5.6% John Chandler (DR) 5.1%	Peter Grant (F) 50.0%[Note 13] James Parker (DR) 32.2% Joshua Gage (DR) 11.9% Others 5.9%	Joshua Gage (DR) 60.4% Peter Grant (F) 39.6%
	Massachusetts 20 Known as the 7th Eastern district	Albion K. Parris	Democratic-Republican	1814	Re-elected	Albion K. Parris (DR) 58.2% Samuel A. Bradley (F) 35.8% Levi Hubbard (DR) 6.0%

James Lloyd (F) of the 1st district did not serve, apparently resigning before the start of the 15th Congress, and was replaced in a special election by Jonathan Mason

Albion K. Parris (DR) of the 20th district resigned February 3, 1818, having been named judge of the United States District Court for the District of Maine. The resulting vacancy was filled in a special election by Enoch Lincoln (DR).

Mississippi

Mississippi was admitted as a state of the Union on December 10, 1817.^[4] from the western half of the former Mississippi Territory (the eastern half became Alabama Territory) It elected its first representative to Congress in 1817.

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
Mississippi at-large	None (District created)			Democratic-Republican gain	George Poindexter (DR) 99.8% Christopher Rankin (DR) 0.2%

George Poindexter had previously served as a Delegate for Mississippi Territory in the 9th-12th Congresses.

New Hampshire

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates[Note 8]
New Hampshire at-large 6 seats on a general ticket	Bradbury Cilley	Federalist	1812	Lost re-election Democratic-Republican gain	Josiah Butler (DR) 8.9% Nathaniel Upham (DR) 8.9% Clifton Clagett (DR) 8.9% Salma Hale (DR) 8.9% John F. Parrott (DR) 8.7% Arthur Livermore (DR) 8.7% William Hale (F) 7.8% Jeremiah Smith (F) 7.8% Jeduthun Wilcox (F) 7.8% Roger Vose (F) 7.8% Bradbury Cilley (F) 7.7% Parker Noyes (F) 7.7%
	Charles Humphrey Atherton	Federalist	1814	Retired Democratic-Republican gain
	William Hale	Federalist	1808 1812	Lost re-election Democratic-Republican gain
	Roger Vose	Federalist	1812	Lost re-election Democratic-Republican gain
	Daniel Webster	Federalist	1812	Retired Democratic-Republican gain
	Jeduthun Wilcox	Federalist	1812	Lost re-election Democratic-Republican gain

New Jersey

In 1816, the Democratic-Republican candidates ran unopposed.

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
New Jersey at-large 6 seats on a general ticket	Lewis Condict	Democratic-Republican	1810	Retired Democratic-Republican hold	John Linn (DR) 17.1% Charles Kinsey (DR) 16.8% Henry Southard (DR) 16.7% Joseph Bloomfield (DR) 16.6% Benjamin Bennet (DR) 16.5% Ephraim Bateman (DR) 16.4%
	Thomas Ward	Democratic-Republican	1813	Retired Democratic-Republican hold
	Henry Southard	Democratic-Republican	1814	Re-elected
	Ephraim Bateman	Democratic-Republican	1814	Re-elected
	Ezra Baker	Democratic-Republican	1814	Retired Democratic-Republican hold
	Benjamin Bennet	Democratic-Republican	1814	Re-elected

New York

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates[Note 8]
New York 1 Plural district with 2 seats	George Townsend	Democratic-Republican	1814	Re-elected	George Townsend (DR) 26.9% Tredwell Scudder (DR) 26.8% Nathaniel Smith (F) 23.2% Samuel Jones (F) 23.2%
	Henry Crocheron	Democratic-Republican	1814	Retired Democratic-Republican hold
New York 2 Plural district with 2 seats	William Irving	Democratic-Republican	1813 (special)	Re-elected	William Irving (DR) 29.0% Peter H. Wendover (DR) 28.9% Josiah Ogden Hoffman Sr. (F) 21.1% Isaac Ely (F) 21.0%
	Peter H. Wendover	Democratic-Republican	1814	Re-elected
New York 3	Jonathan Ward	Democratic-Republican	1814	Retired Democratic-Republican hold	Caleb Tompkins (DR) 56.8% Abraham Odell (F) 42.8%
New York 4	Abraham H. Schenck	Democratic-Republican	1814	Retired Democratic-Republican hold	Henry B. Lee (DR) 52.6% Henry A. Livingston (F) 47.2%
New York 5	Thomas P. Grosvenor	Federalist	1812	Retired Federalist hold	Philip J. Schuyler (F) 58.8% James I. Van Alen (DR) 41.1%
New York 6	James W. Wilkin	Democratic-Republican	1815 (special)	Re-elected	James W. Wilkin (DR) 55.4% James Burt (F) 44.6%
New York 7	Samuel R. Betts	Democratic-Republican	1814	Retired Democratic-Republican hold	Josiah Hasbrouck (DR) 51.7% John Sudam (F) 48.2%
New York 8	Erastus Root	Democratic-Republican	1802 1814	Retired Democratic-Republican hold	Dorrance Kirtland (DR) 56.2% Samuel Sherwood (F) 43.7%
New York 9	John Lovett	Federalist	1812	Lost re-election Federalist hold	Rensselaer Westerlo (F) 56.2% Elisha Jenkins (DR) 36.6% John Lovett (F) 7.1%
New York 10	Hosea Moffitt	Federalist	1812	Retired Federalist hold	John P. Cushman (F) 54.9% Thomas Turner (DR) 44.9%
New York 11	John W. Taylor	Democratic-Republican	1812	Re-elected	John W. Taylor (DR) 53.4% Elisha Powell (F) 46.6%
New York 12 Plural district with 2 seats	John Savage	Democratic-Republican	1814	Re-elected	John Savage (DR) 27.2% John Palmer (DR) 24.5% Henry H. Ross (F) 24.3% Zebulon R. Shipherd (F) 24.1%
	Asa Adgate	Democratic-Republican	1815 (special)	Retired Democratic-Republican hold
New York 13	John B. Yates	Democratic-Republican	1814	Retired Democratic-Republican hold	Thomas Lawyer (DR) 54.9% William Beekman (F) 45.1%
New York 14	Daniel Cady	Federalist	1814	Retired Democratic-Republican gain	John Herkimer (DR) 50.8% Richard Van Horn (F) 49.2%
New York 15 Plural district with 2 seats	Jabez D. Hammond	Democratic-Republican	1814	Retired Democratic-Republican hold	Isaac Williams, Jr. (DR) 26.6% John R. Drake (DR) 26.6% James Clapp (F) 23.4% James Hyde (F) 23.4%
	James Birdsall	Democratic-Republican	1814	Retired Democratic-Republican hold
New York 16	Thomas R. Gold	Federalist	1808 1814	Retired Federalist hold	Henry R. Storrs (F) 52.5% Nathan Williams (DR) 47.3%
New York 17	Westel Willoughby, Jr.	Federalist	1814	Retired Democratic-Republican gain	Thomas H. Hubbard (DR) 51.5% Simeon Ford (F) 48.4%
New York 18	Moss Kent	Federalist	1812	Retired Federalist hold	David A. Ogden (F) 50.4% Ela Collins (DR) 49.5%
New York 19	Victory Birdseye	Democratic-Republican	1814	Retired Democratic-Republican hold	James Porter (DR) 55.3% James Geddes (F) 44.5%
New York 20 Plural district with 2 seats	Enos T. Throop	Democratic-Republican	1814	Lost re-election Democratic-Republican hold	Daniel Cruger (DR) 35.5% Oliver C. Comstock (DR) 25.7% Elijah Miller (F) 14.5% Benjamin Johnson (F) 10.1% Enos T. Throop (DR) 7.1% Eleazer Lindsley (F) 4.0%
	Oliver C. Comstock	Democratic-Republican	1812	Re-elected
New York 21 Plural district with 2 seats	Micah Brooks	Democratic-Republican	1814	Lost re-election Democratic-Republican hold	Benjamin Ellicott (DR) 29.4% John C. Spencer (DR) 27.0% Phillip Church (F) 20.6% Graham Newell (F) 20.4% Micah Brooks (DR) 2.2%
	Previous incumbent Peter B. Porter (DR) resigned January 23, 1816			Democratic-Republican hold

On February 18, 1817, Representative-elect Lee in the 4th district died. A special election was held to fill that vacancy. It resulted in the election of James Tallmadge, Jr. (DR).

North Carolina

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
North Carolina 1	William H. Murfree	Democratic-Republican	1813	Retired Democratic-Republican hold	Lemuel Sawyer (DR) 38.0% Joseph Ferebee (DR) 33.1% Henry Skinner (F) 28.9%
North Carolina 2	Joseph H. Bryan	Democratic-Republican	1815	Re-elected	Joseph H. Bryan[Note 9] (DR)
North Carolina 3	James W. Clark	Democratic-Republican	1815	Retired Democratic-Republican hold	Thomas H. Hall (DR) 100%
North Carolina 4	William Gaston	Federalist	1813	Retired Federalist hold	Jesse Slocumb (F) 54.0% Henry J. G. Ruffin (DR) 46.0%
North Carolina 5	Charles Hooks	Democratic-Republican	1816 (special)	Lost re-election Democratic-Republican hold	James Owen (DR) 55.4% Charles Hooks (DR) 44.6%
North Carolina 6	Weldon N. Edwards	Democratic-Republican	1816 (special)	Re-elected	Weldon N. Edwards (DR) 80.5% Solomon Green (F) 19.5%
North Carolina 7	John Culpepper	Federalist	1806 1813	Lost re-election Federalist hold	Alexander McMillan (F) 58.7% John Culpepper (F) 41.3%
North Carolina 8	Samuel Dickens	Democratic-Republican	1816 (special)	Lost re-election Democratic-Republican hold	James S. Smith (DR) 52.3% Samuel Dickens (DR) 46.9%
North Carolina 9	Bartlett Yancey	Democratic-Republican	1813	Retired Democratic-Republican hold	Thomas Settle (DR) 78.4% Romulus M. Saunders (DR) 21.6%
North Carolina 10	William C. Love	Democratic-Republican	1815	Retired Democratic-Republican hold	George Mumford (DR) 53.9% John L. Henderson (F) 46.1%
North Carolina 11	Daniel M. Forney	Democratic-Republican	1815	Re-elected	Daniel M. Forney[Note 9] (DR)
North Carolina 12	Israel Pickens	Democratic-Republican	1810	Retired Democratic-Republican hold	Felix Walker (DR) 42.8% John Paxton (DR) 38.5% William Porter (DR) 18.7%
North Carolina 13	Lewis Williams	Democratic-Republican	1815	Re-elected	Lewis Williams[Note 9]

Alexander McMillan (F) of the 7th district died before Congress assembled,^[4] and was replaced in a special election by James Stewart (DR)

George Mumford (DR) of the 10th district died December 31, 1818,^[4] and was replaced in a special election by Charles Fisher (DR).

Daniel M. Forney (DR) of the 11th district resigned in 1818,^[4] and was replaced in a special election by William Davidson (F).

Ohio

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates[Note 8]
Ohio 1	Previous incumbent John McLean (DR) resigned April, 1816			Democratic-Republican hold	William Henry Harrison[Note 11] (DR) 57.2% Thomas R. Ross (DR) 24.0% William Corry (F) 10.4% William C. Schenck (F) 6.0% Matthias Ross (DR) 1.5%
Ohio 2	John Alexander	Democratic-Republican	1812	Lost re-election Democratic-Republican hold	John W. Campbell (DR) 55.9% Isaiah Morris (DR) 23.0% Thomas Morris (DR) 17.4% John Alexander (DR) 1.8% Thomas Foote (DR) 1.2%
Ohio 3	William Creighton, Jr.	Democratic-Republican	1813 (special)	Retired Democratic-Republican hold	Levi Barber (DR) 40.7% Henry Brush (DR) 31.5% Joseph Kerr (DR) 12.8% Samuel Monett (DR) 10.8% John A. Fulton (DR) 4.1%
Ohio 4	James Caldwell	Democratic-Republican	1812	Retired Democratic-Republican hold	Samuel Herrick (DR) 57.7% John C. Wright (DR) 41.9%
Ohio 5	James Kilbourne	Democratic-Republican	1812	Retired Federalist gain	Philemon Beecher (F) 19.6% Joseph Vance (DR) 18.6% Joseph Foos (DR) 13.9% Daniel C. Cooper (F) 13.6% William Ludlow (DR) 9.1% Daniel Smith (DR) 8.7% Fielding Lowry (DR) 8.2% Robert F. Slaughter (DR) 4.7% Chester Griswold (DR) 3.6%
Ohio 6	David Clendenin	Democratic-Republican	1814	Lost re-election Democratic-Republican hold	Peter Hitchcock (DR) 57.5% Joseph Richardson (DR) 28.0% John G. Young (DR) 8.5% David Clendenin (DR) 5.9%

Herrick's election in the 4th district was unsuccessfully contested.^[4]

Pennsylvania

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates[Note 8][5]
Pennsylvania 1 Plural district with 4 seats	Joseph Hopkinson	Federalist	1814	Re-elected	Adam Seybert (DR) 13.9% William Anderson (DR) 13.8% John Sergeant (F) 12.5% Joseph Hopkinson (F) 12.3% William Milnor (F) 12.2% Samuel Edwards (F) 12.1% Jacob Summer (DR) 8.8% John Conard (DR) 8.1% William J. Duane (DR) 6.3%
	William Milnor	Federalist	1806 1814	Lost re-election Democratic-Republican gain
	Thomas Smith	Federalist	1814	Retired Democratic-Republican gain
	John Sergeant	Federalist	1815 (special)	Re-elected
Pennsylvania 2 Plural district with 2 seats	William Darlington	Democratic-Republican	1814	Lost re-election Federalist gain	Levi Pawling (F) 25.5% Isaac Darlington (F) 25.1% William Darlington (DR) 25.1% John Hahn 24.3%
	John Hahn	Democratic-Republican	1814	Lost re-election Federalist gain
Pennsylvania 3 Plural district with 2 seats	James M. Wallace	Democratic-Republican	1815 (special)	Re-elected	John Whiteside (DR) 39.4% James M. Wallace (DR) 39.0% Amos Slaymaker (F) 21.6%
	John Whiteside	Democratic-Republican	1814	Re-elected
Pennsylvania 4	Hugh Glasgow	Democratic-Republican	1812	Retired Democratic-Republican hold	Jacob Spangler (DR) 67.1% Jacob Hay (F) 32.9%
Pennsylvania 5 Plural district with 2 seats	William Crawford	Democratic-Republican	1808	Lost re-election Democratic-Republican hold	William Maclay (DR) 31.0% Andrew Boden (DR) 27.8% James McSherry (F) 19.8% John McClelland (F) 18.1% William Crawford (DR) 3.3%
	William Maclay	Democratic-Republican	1814	Re-elected
Pennsylvania 6 Plural district with 2 seats	Samuel D. Ingham	Democratic-Republican	1812	Re-elected	John Ross (DR) 50.8% Samuel D. Ingham (DR) 49.2%
	John Ross	Democratic-Republican	1814	Re-elected
Pennsylvania 7	Joseph Hiester	Democratic-Republican	1798 1814	Re-elected	Joseph Hiester (DR) 85.0% Charles Shoemaker (DR) 8.6% Daniel Udree (DR) 6.4%
Pennsylvania 8	William Piper	Democratic-Republican	1810	Retired Democratic-Republican hold	Alexander Ogle (DR) 99.7%
Pennsylvania 9	Previous incumbent Thomas Burnside (DR) resigned to accept a judicial appointment			Democratic-Republican hold	William P. Maclay[Note 11] (DR) 75.7% James A. Banks (F) 24.3%
Pennsylvania 10 Plural district with 2 seats	William Wilson	Democratic-Republican	1814	Re-elected	William Wilson (DR) 32.5% David Scott (DR) 31.5% William Buyers (F) 14.8 George Kremer (DR) 8.8% Roswell Wells (F) 8.8% Charles Maus 3.5%
	Jared Irwin	Democratic-Republican	1812	Retired Democratic-Republican hold
Pennsylvania 11	William Findley	Democratic-Republican	1802	Retired Democratic-Republican hold	David Marchand (DR) 52.8% George Armstrong (F) 47.2%
Pennsylvania 12	Aaron Lyle	Democratic-Republican	1808	Retired Democratic-Republican hold	Thomas Patterson (DR) 87.2% John Hughes (F) 12.8%
Pennsylvania 13	Isaac Griffin	Democratic-Republican	1813 (special)	Retired Democratic-Republican hold	Christian Tarr (DR) 50.8% Presley C. Lane (DR) 19.7% Henry Heaton (DR) 14.2% Thomas McKibben (DR) 11.7% Thomas Hersey (DR) 3.6%
Pennsylvania 14	John Woods	Federalist	1814	Retired Democratic-Republican gain	Henry Baldwin (DR) 61.6% Walter Lowrie (DR) 38.4%
Pennsylvania 15	Thomas Wilson	Democratic-Republican	1813 (special)	Retired Democratic-Republican hold	Robert Moore (DR) 51.1% William Clark (F) 48.9%

Jacob Spangler (DR) of the 4th district resigned April 20, 1818, and was replaced in a special election by Jacob Hostetter (DR)

John Ross (DR) of the 6th district resigned on February 24, 1818. Samuel D. Ingham (DR) also of the 6th district resigned on July 6, 1818. Special elections were held after each resignation, electing, respectively, Thomas J. Rogers (DR) and Samuel Moore (DR)

David Scott (DR) of the 10th district resigned before Congress started and was replaced in a special election by John Murray (DR)

Rhode Island

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
Rhode Island at-large 2 seats on a general ticket	John L. Boss Jr.	Federalist	1814	Re-elected	John L. Boss Jr. (F) 50.1% James B. Mason (F) 49.9%
	James B. Mason	Federalist	1814	Re-elected

South Carolina

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
South Carolina 1	Henry Middleton	Democratic-Republican	1814	Re-elected	Henry Middleton (DR) 56.4% William Crafts Jr. (F) 43.6%
South Carolina 2	William Lowndes	Democratic-Republican	1810	Re-elected	William Lowndes (DR) 92.5% Others 7.5%
South Carolina 3	Benjamin Huger	Federalist	1798 1814	Lost re-election Democratic-Republican gain	James Ervin (DR) 54.8% Benjamin Huger (F) 45.2%
South Carolina 4	John J. Chappell	Democratic-Republican	1812	Lost re-election Democratic-Republican hold	Joseph Bellinger (DR) 47.2% John J. Chappell (DR) 31.6% John C. Allen (DR) 21.2%
South Carolina 5	William Woodward	Democratic-Republican	1814	Lost re-election Democratic-Republican hold	Starling Tucker[Note 9] (DR) William Woodward (DR)
South Carolina 6	John C. Calhoun	Democratic-Republican	1810	Re-elected	John C. Calhoun (DR) 43.2% Edmund Bacon (F) 31.5% William Butler (DR) 25.3%
South Carolina 7	John Taylor	Democratic-Republican	1814	Lost re-election Democratic-Republican hold	Elias Earle (DR) 50.7% Andrew Pickens (DR) 26.7% John Taylor (DR) 22.6%
South Carolina 8	Thomas Moore	Democratic-Republican	1800 1814	Retired Democratic-Republican hold	Wilson Nesbitt (DR) 41.4% James MacKibben (DR) 32.3% William Smith (DR) 20.3% William Rice (DR) 5.9%
South Carolina 9	Previous incumbent William Mayrant (DR) resigned October 21, 1816.			Democratic-Republican hold	Stephen D. Miller[Note 11] (DR) 73.6% William Mayrant (DR) 26.4%

In the 6th district, John C. Calhoun resigned on November 3, 1817,^[4] after being appointed Secretary of War and was replaced in a special election by Eldred Simkins (DR).

Tennessee

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates[Note 8]
Tennessee 1	Samuel Powell	Democratic-Republican	1815	Retired Democratic-Republican hold	John Rhea (DR) 63.9% Alexander Sevier (DR) 36.1%
Tennessee 2	William G. Blount	Democratic-Republican	1815 (special)	Re-elected	William G. Blount (DR) 61.8% John Cocke (DR) 38.2%
Tennessee 3	Isaac Thomas	Democratic-Republican	1815	Retired Democratic-Republican hold	Francis Jones (DR) 35.2% James Rogers 24.7% Joseph Pickens 24.1% Queen Morton 16.0%
Tennessee 4	Bennett H. Henderson	Democratic-Republican	1815	Retired Democratic-Republican hold	Samuel Hogg (DR) 63.5% Archibald Overton (DR) 36.5%
Tennessee 5	Newton Cannon	Democratic-Republican	1814 (special)	Lost re-election Democratic-Republican hold	Thomas Claiborne (DR) 47.6% Newton Cannon (DR) 28.5% Robert Weakley (DR) 23.9%
Tennessee 6	James B. Reynolds	Democratic-Republican	1815	Lost re-election Democratic-Republican hold	George W. L. Marr (DR) 46.5% Peter R. Booker 26.8% Thomas Johnson 19.3% James B. Reynolds (DR) 4.2% Samuel Goodridge 3.1%

Vermont

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
Vermont at-large 6 seats on a general ticket	Daniel Chipman	Federalist	1814	Retired Democratic-Republican gain	Mark Richards (DR) 9.2% William Hunter (DR) 9.2% Heman Allen (DR) 9.1% Orsamus Cook Merrill (DR) 9.1% Samuel C. Crafts (DR) 9.1% Charles Rich (DR) 9.1% Chauncey Langdon (F) 7.6% Jonathan H. Hubbard (F) 7.6% Phineas White (F) 7.6% Asa Lyon (F) 7.6% David Edmonds (F) 7.6% Samuel Prentiss (F) 7.5%
	Luther Jewett	Federalist	1814	Retired Democratic-Republican gain
	Chauncey Langdon	Federalist	1814	Lost re-election Democratic-Republican gain
	Asa Lyon	Federalist	1814	Lost re-election Democratic-Republican gain
	Charles Marsh	Federalist	1814	Retired Democratic-Republican gain
	John Noyes	Federalist	1814	Retired Democratic-Republican gain

Heman Allen (DR) resigned April 20, 1818, at the end of the 1st session.^[4] His seat remained vacant for the duration of the 15th Congress.

Virginia

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
Virginia 1	John G. Jackson	Democratic-Republican	1803 1813	Retired Federalist gain	James Pindall (F) 100%
Virginia 2	Magnus Tate	Federalist	1815	Retired Federalist hold	Edward Colston (F) 61.2% Daniel Morgan (DR) 30.9% Robert Bailey (DR) 7.9%
Virginia 3	Henry St. George Tucker	Democratic-Republican	1815	Re-elected	Henry St. George Tucker (DR) 67.8% William Carson (DR) 32.2%
Virginia 4	William McCoy	Democratic-Republican	1811	Re-elected	William McCoy[Note 9] (DR)
Virginia 5	James Breckinridge	Federalist	1809	Retired Democratic-Republican gain	John Floyd (DR) 57.6 Elijah MacClannahan (F) 42.4%
Virginia 6	Daniel Sheffey	Federalist	1809	Retired Democratic-Republican gain	Alexander Smyth (DR) 67.0% Benjamin Estill (F) 33.0%
Virginia 7	Ballard Smith	Democratic-Republican	1815	Re-elected	Ballard Smith (DR) 94.7% John Gray (F) 5.3%
Virginia 8	Joseph Lewis, Jr.	Federalist	1803	Retired Federalist hold	Charles F. Mercer (F) 52.6% Armistead Mason (DR) 47.4%
Virginia 9	John P. Hungerford	Democratic-Republican	1813	Lost re-election Democratic-Republican hold	William Lee Ball (DR) 44.6% John P. Hungerford (DR) 40.9% Henry Lee Jr. (F) 14.5%
Virginia 10	Aylett Hawes	Democratic-Republican	1811	Retired Democratic-Republican hold	George Strother (DR) 51.3% John Shackleford (F) 48.7%
Virginia 11	Philip P. Barbour	Democratic-Republican	1814 (special)	Re-elected	Philip P. Barbour[Note 9] (DR)
Virginia 12	William H. Roane	Democratic-Republican	1815	Lost re-election Democratic-Republican hold	Robert S. Garnett[Note 9] (DR) Edwin Upshaw (DR) William H. Roane (DR)
Virginia 13	Burwell Bassett	Democratic-Republican	1815	Re-elected	Burwell Bassett (DR) 73.3% John Eyre (F) 24.8% M. S. Pitts[Note 10] (F) 1.9%
Virginia 14	William A. Burwell	Democratic-Republican	1806 (special)	Re-elected	William A. Burwell[Note 9] (DR)
Virginia 15	John Kerr	Democratic-Republican	1815 (special)	Retired Democratic-Republican hold	William J. Lewis (DR) 100%
Virginia 16	John Randolph	Democratic-Republican	1799 1815	Lost re-election Democratic-Republican hold	Archibald Austin (DR) 61.5% John Randolph (DR) 38.5%
Virginia 17	James Pleasants	Democratic-Republican	1811	Re-elected	James Pleasants (DR) 100%
Virginia 18	Thomas M. Nelson	Democratic-Republican	1816 (special)	Re-elected	Thomas M. Nelson (DR) 100%
Virginia 19	Peterson Goodwyn	Democratic-Republican	1803	Re-elected	Peterson Goodwyn (DR) 96.9% John Pegram[Note 7] (DR) 3.1%
Virginia 20	James Johnson	Democratic-Republican	1813	Re-elected	James Johnson (DR) 100%
Virginia 21	Thomas Newton Jr.	Democratic-Republican	1797	Re-elected	Thomas Newton Jr. (DR) 93.5% Littleton W. Tazewell (DR) 6.5%
Virginia 22	Hugh Nelson	Democratic-Republican	1811	Re-elected	Hugh Nelson (DR) 72.7% Thomas W. Maury (DR) 27.3%
Virginia 23	John Tyler	Democratic-Republican	1816 (special)	Re-elected	John Tyler (DR) 53.7% Andrew Stevenson (DR) 46.3%

In the 19th district, Peterson Goodwyn (DR) died on February 21, 1818, and was replaced in a special election by John Pegram (DR).

Non-voting delegates

There were four territories with the right to send delegates during at least part of the 15th Congress. Mississippi Territory only existed during the first few months of the 15th Congress, but did not elect a delegate, since it was admitted to the Union as a state a few days into the 1st Session of the 15th Congress. Illinois Territory also only existed during the 1st Session, as it was admitted to the Union as the State of Illinois on December 3, 1818. Alabama Territory was formed from the eastern half of Mississippi Territory, and its first (and only) delegate was seated on March 9, 1818.^[4]

District	Incumbent	First elected	Result	Candidates[Note 8]
Alabama Territory at-large	None (District created)			John Crowell[Note 9]
Illinois Territory at-large	Nathaniel Pope	1816 (special)	Re-elected	Nathaniel Pope[Note 9] John Caldwell
Missouri Territory at-large	Rufus Easton	1814	Lost re-election	John Scott 49.8% Rufus Easton 49.4%
				John Scott 54.4% Rufus Easton 45.6%

There were two elections held for the delegate from Missouri Territory. The first was contested by Rufus Easton on the grounds of electoral fraud. This election was declared void, and a second election was held on August 4, 1817.^[4] It was won without controversy by John Scott, who took his seat on December 8, 1817.

See also

• United States elections, 1816
  • List of United States House of Representatives elections, 1789–1822
  • United States presidential election, 1816
  • United States Senate elections, 1816 and 1817
• 14th United States Congress
• 15th United States Congress

Notes

1. Excludes states admitted during the 15th Congress
2. Includes late elections
3. Figures are at variance with both Dubin (p. 62, which includes "140 Republicans, 1 Independent Republican, and 2 vacancies", in addition to "41 Federalists"), and Martis (p. 84) and "Party Divisions of the House of Representatives* 1789–Present". Office of the Historian, House of United States House of Representatives. (which both report 146 Democrat-Republicans, and 39 Federalists). But Dubin appears to incorrectly list Lewis Williams of NC-13 as a "Federalist" (see pg. 60 and 55, etc.) instead of a "Democrat-Republican", while Martis lists Philemon Beecher of OH-05 as a "Democrat-Republican" instead of a "Federalist", which if accounted for would revise both Dubin's and Martis' totals to 40 Federalists (and therefore 145 Democrat-Republicans).
4. Includes 1 plural district
5. A majority was required for election, which was not met in the initial election for 5 districts requiring additional trials to be held on January 27, May 1, July 21, September 29, and December 1, 1817
6. Includes 6 plural districts
7. Subsequently elected in special election
8. Only candidates with at least 1% of the vote listed
9. Numbers of votes missing or incomplete in source
10. Full name unknown
11. Also elected in special election to fill vacancy in 14th Congress
12. District numbers differed between source used and elsewhere on Wikipedia; district numbers used elsewhere on Wikipedia used here
13. Exactly 50%

References

1. 3 Stat. 349
2. 3 Stat. 430
3. Fourteenth Congress (membership roster)
4. Fifteenth Congress (membership roster)
5. Wilkes University Elections Statistics Project

Bibliography

• "A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787-1825". Tufts Digital Library, Tufts University. Retrieved January 17, 2015.
• Dubin, Michael J. (March 1, 1998). United States Congressional Elections, 1788-1997: The Official Results of the Elections of the 1st Through 105th Congresses. McFarland and Company. ISBN 978-0786402830.
• Martis, Kenneth C. (January 1, 1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress, 1789-1989. Macmillan Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0029201701.
• "Party Divisions of the House of Representatives* 1789–Present". Office of the Historian, United States House of Representatives. Retrieved January 21, 2015.

External links

• Office of the Historian (Office of Art & Archives, Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives)