Lannemezan

Lannemezan

Coat of arms
Lannemezan

Coordinates: 43°07′N 0°23′E / 43.12°N 0.39°E / 43.12; 0.39Coordinates: 43°07′N 0°23′E / 43.12°N 0.39°E / 43.12; 0.39
Country France
Region Occitanie
Department Hautes-Pyrénées
Arrondissement Bagnères-de-Bigorre
Canton Lannemezan
Intercommunality Plateau de Lannemezan
Government
 • Mayor (2008–2014) Bernard Plano
Area1 19.03 km2 (7.35 sq mi)
Population (2008)2 6,446
 • Density 340/km2 (880/sq mi)
Time zone CET (UTC+1)
 • Summer (DST) CEST (UTC+2)
INSEE/Postal code 65258 / 65300
Elevation 442–647 m (1,450–2,123 ft)
(avg. 610 m or 2,000 ft)

1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km² (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries.

2 Population without double counting: residents of multiple communes (e.g., students and military personnel) only counted once.

Lannemezan (French pronunciation: ​[lanməzɑ̃]; Gascon Occitan Lanamesa, "heath of the middle") is a commune in the Hautes-Pyrénées department and the Occitanie region in south-western France. The inhabitants are called Lannemezanais.

Since 24 December 2003, Lannemezan has belonged to the Communauté de communes du Plateau de Lannemezan, which it was the main town. Since 1 January 2014, it belongs to the Communauté de communes du Plateau de Lannemezan et des Baïses, of which it is still the largest city.

Geography

The Petite Baïse has its source in the commune.

Lannemezan is around 30 kilometres (19 mi) east of Tarbes, and around 100 km south-west of Toulouse.

Geology and relief

Over 50 million years, driven by movements of compression, low relief which constitutes the Pre-Pyrenees has risen. Glaciers and streams that cascade down its slopes subject to mountain erosion which flows off from the foot of it. While continuing to rise, the mountain has erected the cluster of its deposits and thus forms the Plateau de Lannemezan, head of a gigantic piémont which puts its mark upon much of the southwest, up the Garonne at more than 100 kilometres (62 mi) to the north. High up and submitted to the four winds, the site already assigns itself an identity that would assist in its history and reputation.

The soil is composed of uncultivated and barren land, dotted with woodlands, taillis, cut of marshes and heath. The terrain is of limestone origin with a topsoil up to 20 centimetres (7.9 in) deep. Peat moor is exploited near La Barthe-de-Neste.[1] Analysis of the soil in the commune of Lannemezan shows the results presented in the following table.

Depth
(cm)		 % Clays % Silts % Sands % of organic
material
in the layer
Totals
(<2 µm) 		Fines
(2 to 20 µm) 		Coarse
(20 to 50 µm) 		Fines
(50 to 200 µm) 		Coarse
(200 to 2,000 µm)
0 to 20 cm (0.0 to 7.9 in) 25% 22% 10% 21% 19% 7.7%
20 to 55 cm (7.9 to 21.7 in) 26% 20% 11% 22% 20% 3.7%
55 to 100 cm (22 to 39 in) 17% 18% 8% 25% 32% –
100 to 235 cm (39 to 93 in) 26% 17% 8% 21% 30% –
Subsoil characteristic of Lannemezan and its plateau

The plateau rises to over 600 metres (2,000 ft) above sea level in the vicinity of Lannemezan. The top of the foothills face the Pyrenean part of the Neste Valley, the river which then turns east at the foot of the plateau. Other rivers (Gers, Baïse, etc.), flow radially from this point to the northwest, north and northeast, and the altitude of the plateau decreases gradually. On the south side, this plateau is still connected to the Pyrenean massif by a narrow tongue of land between Izaux and Avezac. Otherwise, it ends to the southwest and the southeast by a steep overhang and residual hills (Capvern, Mauvezin, etc.) facing the Pyrenees.

Natural vegetation

Diagram of the humidity/acidity (pH) of the vegetation on the plateau of Lannemezan

The natural vegetation of Lannemezan and its small region is characterised by a heathland landscape, although moisture of soils is highly variable depending on their location (particularly in relation to their proximity to water courses).

Thus, in wet areas near the rivers extend many bogs characterised by dwarf gorse (Ulex minor), St. John's wort (Hypericum elodes L.) marshes or wet meadows which extend Medusa's trumpets (Narcissus bulbocodium L.), of oatgrass (Arrhenatherum longifolium) or alder (Alnus).

In drier areas grow more woody species such as Pyreneean oak, also known under the name of tauzin oak (Quercus pyrenaica), as well as pedunculated oak (Quercus robur) or chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill).

In all cases, the soils are rather acidic type with adjustable humidity, which imposes certain constraints for the development of plant species. These development constraints are represented on the adjoining humidity/acidity chart.

Hydrography

Eighteen rivers have their sources on the Plateau de Lannemezan or pass through the territory of the commune. The main are listed in the following table.

Rivier Length Location of the source Confluence Location of the confluence
The Baïse 188 kilometres (117 mi) Capvern (Hautes-Pyrénées) Garonne (left bank) Penne-d'Agenais (Lot-et-Garonne)
The Petite Baïse
(ou Baïse devant) 		75 kilometres (47 mi) Lannemezan (Hautes-Pyrénées) Baïse (right bank) L'Isle-de-Noé (Gers)
The Baïse Darré 11 kilometres (6.8 mi) Avezac-Prat-Lahitte (Hautes-Pyrénées) Petite Baïse (left bank) Clarens (Hautes-Pyrénées)
The Sole 20 kilometres (12 mi) Tajan (Hautes-Pyrénées) Petite Baïse (right bank) Guizerix (Hautes-Pyrénées)
The Galavette 13 kilometres (8.1 mi) Lannemezan (Hautes-Pyrénées) Petite Baïse (right bank) Galez (Hautes-Pyrénées)
The Baïsole 47 kilometres (29 mi) Lagrange (Hautes-Pyrénées) Baïse (right bank) L'Isle-de-Noé (Gers)
The Gers 175 kilometres (109 mi) Lannemezan (Hautes-Pyrénées) Garonne (left bank) Agen (Lot-et-Garonne)
The Neste 73 kilometres (45 mi) Arreau (Hautes-Pyrénées)
Réunion des Neste d'Aure and Neste du Louron		 Garonne (left bank) Montréjeau (Haute-Garonne)
The Save 148 kilometres (92 mi) La Barthe-de-Neste (Hautes-Pyrénées) Garonne (left bank) Grenade (Haute-Garonne)
The Arrats 131 kilometres (81 mi) Plateau de Lannemezan (Hautes-Pyrénées) Garonne (left bank) Valence-d'Agen (Tarn-et-Garonne)
The Bouès 63 kilometres (39 mi) Capvern (Hautes-Pyrénées) Arros (right bank) Beaumarchés (Gers)
The Gimone 136 kilometres (85 mi) Plateau de Lannemezan (Hautes-Pyrénées) Garonne (left bank) Castelferrus (Tarn-et-Garonne)
The Gesse 53 kilometres (33 mi) Plateau de Lannemezan (Hautes-Pyrénées) Save (left bank) Espaon (Gers)
The Louge 100 kilometres (62 mi) Plateau de Lannemezan (Hautes-Pyrénées) Garonne (left bank) Muret (Haute-Garonne)
Rivers originating on the Plateau de Lannemezan

Natural risks and disasters

The commune is placed under supervision in relation to some possible natural and technological hazards:[2]

Recent natural disasters on the commune are as follows, since 1980 (from most recent to oldest):

Date Natural disaster observed in Lannemezan
24 May 2007 Floods and mudslides
27 July 2006 Floods and mudslides
1 July 2003 to 30 September 2003 Consecutive differential landslides due to drought and soil rehydration
25 December 1999 to 29 December 1999 Floods, mudslides and landslides
6 November 1982 to 10 November 1982 Storm

Location


General location:

Lannemezan is a bastide situated in the centre of the Plateau de Lannemezan between Tarbes and Toulouse on the Petite Baïse. Between the Atlantic and Mediterranean, at the outlet of the valleys of the Pyrenees, Lannemezan imposes itself as a privileged strategic its geographical position city.

Lannemezan is located at the east of the department of the Hautes-Pyrénées, 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) from the border with Haute-Garonne to the east, 40 kilometres (25 mi) from the border with Gers in the north and 75 kilometres (47 mi) from the border with Spain to the south (Aragnouet-Bielsa Tunnel).

Bordering communes

Map of the commune of Lannemezan and nearby communes
Neighbouring communes of Lannemezan
 Campistrous
(towards Mont-de-Marsan, Bordeaux)		 Galez
(towards Auch, Agen)		 Clarens
(towards Toulouse)
Campistrous
Capvern
(towards Tarbes, Pau, Bayonne)		 Clarens
Uglas
Pinas
(towards Saint-Gaudens, Foix)
   Lannemezan  
Capvern
Avezac-Prat-Lahitte
La Barthe-de-Neste
(towards Les Baronnies)		 La Barthe-de-Neste
Escala
(towards Arreau, Saint-Lary, Spain)		 Cantaous
(towards Saint-Laurent-de-Neste)

Spatially, Lannemezan is wedged between the following nine communes: Campistrous to the northwest, Clarens in the northeast, Capvern to the west, Uglas and Pinas to the east, Avezac-Prat-Lahitte in the southwest, La Barthe-de-Neste and Escala to the south, and Cantaous to the southeast.[3]

Distance to some large French cities

The orientation and location of Lannemezan, compared to some large French cities, is given in the following table[4] (distances are given as the fastest route by road):

City Tarbes Toulouse Bayonne Bordeaux Montpellier Marseille Nantes Lyon Nice Paris Brest Lille Strasbourg
Distance 37 km (23 mi) 126 km (78 mi) 190 km (120 mi) 268 km (167 mi) 359 km (223 mi) 524 km (326 mi) 609 km (378 mi) 656 km (408 mi) 688 km (428 mi) 801 km (498 mi) 907 km (564 mi) 1,017 km (632 mi) 1,147 km (713 mi)
Direction (W) (NE) (W) (NW) (E-NE) (E-NE) (N-NW) (NE) (E) (N-NE) (N-NW) (N) (NE)

Area

The city of Lannemezan has an area of 1,903 hectares (4,700 acres), which is ranked:

Territory Ranking of Lannemezan
by area
France 8,732nd / 36,683
Midi-Pyrénées 687th / 3,021
Hautes-Pyrénées 41st / 474
Arrondissement of Bagnères-de-Bigorre 20th / 160
Canton of Lannemezan 2nd / 26

Altitude

Elevations observed in the town of Lannemezan:
Minimum: 442 metres (1,450 ft)
Maximum: 647 metres (2,123 ft)
Average: 545 metres (1,788 ft)

Changes in altitude are important on the territory of the commune. The minimum altitude is 442 metres (1,450 ft), the maximum altitude is 647 metres (2,123 ft). The average elevation is 545 metres (1,788 ft), and the Town Hall lies Meanwhile, 580 metres (1,900 ft).[2]

Climate

Diagram of the temperature in the shade in Lannemezan. Using a double scale for the height of precipitation, there is a lack of overflow of the temperature curve (green) compared to precipitation (blue) showing the absence of periods of drought in the commune

Tarbes-Ossun weather station 'normals' reveal a rather cool climate, rainy in winter and hot and stormy in summer. The average annual temperature [12 °C (54 °F)] is relatively low for such latitude, with a fairly low seasonal amplitude, 6 °C (43 °F) on average during the winter and 19 °C (66 °F) during the summer. However, the winter temperature has reached a record low of −21 °C (−6 °F) in January 1985 and has also exceeded 39 °C (102 °F) in midsummer. These high temperatures are typical of the foehn wind, due to the relief of the Pyrenees.

In Tarbes, fog and strong winds are rare. These climate characteristics of Tarbes are found in the north of the department, but with more fog in winter, and warmer daytime temperatures and lower precipitation in the summer. Conversely on the closer terrain the average quantities of precipitation increase. This varies greatly depending on exposure and slopes, but become abundant near the border ridges. The area between plain and mountain has a more humid climate and less sunny than the rest of the department. In the mountains the sun shines frequently above a sea of clouds and the wind blows stronger and more often than on the plain (breezes and sometimes very strong winds from the south).

The climate of the Hautes-Pyrenees is characterised by a rainy and cool springtime, especially snowy at altitude; weather from the northwest is blocked by the relief and a phenomenon of precipitation at altitude has the consequence of strong accumulations of snow at altitude until mid-May. Summer is mild but stormy, autumn is generally sunny and pleasant, usually followed by a relatively mild winter on the plains and cold above 300–400 metres (980–1,310 ft).[5]

Records of temperatures and precipitation are collected in the following table:

Climate data for Lannemezan/Campistrous (65)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average high °F 50 52 57 59 66 72 77 77 73 66 57 52 63.1
Daily mean °F 41.4 42.1 47.1 50.2 56.8 64 65.5 65.8 61.5 56.3 45.5 41.9 53.2
Average low °F 34 36 39 43 48 55 59 59 54 48 39 36 45.9
Average precipitation inches 3.882 2.492 3.898 4.26 5.394 3.429 2.858 2.776 2.736 3.224 3.992 3.835 42.76
Average high °C 10 11 14 15 19 22 25 25 23 19 14 11 17.3
Daily mean °C 5.2 5.6 8.4 10.1 13.8 17.8 18.6 18.8 16.4 13.5 7.5 5.5 11.8
Average low °C 1 2 4 6 9 13 15 15 12 9 4 2 7.7
Average precipitation mm 98.6 63.3 99.0 108.2 137.0 87.1 72.6 70.5 69.5 81.9 101.4 97.4 1,086
Source: Météo France[6]

Sunshine and rainfall (since 1999)

Contributions according to the seasons: Annual duration of sunshine (top) and the annual amount of precipitation (bottom)

Sunshine and precipitation values are visible in the following table:

Criteria 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Average
(1999–2011) 		Minimum
(year)		 Maximum
(year)
Sunshine
(hours) 		Total 1,795 2,018 1,977 1,768 2,006 1,876 2,221 2,119 1,959 1,835 2,013 1,945 2,087 1,9691,768
(2002) 		2,221
(2005)
Winter 349 471 350 449 413 369 465 375 346 412 467 326 409 395326
(2010) 		471
(2000)
Spring 509 563 582 495 588 579 698 616 524 500 560 605 630 575495
(2002) 		698
(2005)
Summer 555 658 607 495 681 558 653 665 614 601 608 626 596 610495
(2002) 		681
(2003)
Autumn 382 326 438 329 324 370 405 463 475 322 378 388 452 389322
(2008) 		475
(2007)
Precipitation
(mm) 		Total 1,172 1,129 874 1,198 885 992 891 826 1,029 1,192 1,125 944 979 1,013826
(2006) 		1,198
(2002)
Winter 283 189324221229288132261266342281214205246132
(2005) 		342
(2008)
Spring 331 412 281 349 207 204 258 199 390 383 308 260 234 291199
(2006) 		412
(2000)
Summer 283 205 150 231 178 238 246 189 162 146 139 157 292 198139
(2009) 		292
(2011)
Autumn 275 324 119 398 270 263 255 176 211 322 397 312 248 277119
(2001) 		398
(2002)

Extreme temperatures and precipitation records (since 1999)

1: Extreme temperatures observed between 1999 and 2011. 2: Amplitudes of temperatures between 1999 and 2011

Records of temperatures and precipitation amounts, between 1999 and 2011, are listed in the following table:

Records 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Record
(Year)
Temperature
(°C)		 High (°C) 35 34 35 35 39 37 34 35 37 34 36 39 3739
(2003 & 2010)
Low (°C) −7 −8 −11 −5 −8 −5 −11 −7 −10 −6 −7 −10 −6 -11
(2005)
Monthly precipitation
(mm/month)		Max. 155 165 176 181 136 176 139 151 171 218 233 184 127 233
(2009)
Min. 27 5 18 21 12 6 0 18 28 13 29 28 26 0
(2005)

Lannemezan climate according to the Köppen classification

The Köppen classification

According to the Köppen classification, the town of Lannemezan is located in the "Cfb" category:

The C (1st letter) expresses the climate: A temperate climate:

The f (2nd letter) expresses the rainfall:

The b (3rd letter) expresses the temperature variations: been temperate:

Channels of communication

Road Network

Main roads in Lannemezan

Lannemezan is a town in transition, served by many roads. The majority of these are in the north/south and east/west directions. Here are the details:[7]

Orientation of axis Route Axis Previous commune Following commune
East/West
(Toulouse to Bayonne)		 A64 E80 : Autoroute La Pyrénéenne
 15  Capvern (west)
 16  Lannemezan (south) 		Toulouse / Bayonne  17  Montréjeau  14  Tournay
D817 (ex N117) Toulouse / Bayonne Pinas Capvern
North/South
(Gers to Spain)		 D929 Auch / Arreau Uglas La Barthe-de-Neste
D939 Galan / Lannemezan Galez –
D24 Boulogne-sur-Gesse / Lannemezan Villeneuve-Lécussan –
D17 Trie-sur-Baïse / Lannemezan Campistrous –

Rail network

Lannemezan SNCF railway station, on the Bayonne-Toulouse line
Location of Lannemezan on the Bayonne-Toulouse line

Lannemezan is located on the Toulouse-Bayonne line. The SNCF Gare de Lannemezan is situated on Avenue de la Gare, and is on the line from Toulouse to Bayonne, 1.7 kilometres (1.1 mi) from the city centre. The previous station is that of Montréjeau-Gourdan-Polignan coming from Toulouse, the next station is that of Capvern. Another line ran from Lannemezan to Arreau-Cadéac station, but it is no longer in service. The different types of train currently serving Lannemezan station are:

Type of train Line Preceding station Following station
Intercités Arc Atlantique Toulouse-Matabiau / Hendaye-Irun Montréjeau-Gourdan-Polignan Capvern and Tournay
TER Midi-Pyrénées Toulouse-Matabiau / Tarbes
TER Midi-Pyrénées Toulouse-Matabiau / Lourdes
Night Intercités Genève-Cornavin / Hendaye-Irun

A proposed central crossing of the Pyrenees, linking Toulouse to Zaragoza, is currently under development. This line would use the current Toulouse/Bayonne route, as far as Lannemezan. Lannemezan station would be a railway junction, from which a new line would join Spain, through a tunnel dug in the Aure Valley (at Hèches). This new line would bring relief to the other two traditional routes (by Hendaye in the Basque country and Cerbère on the border with Catalonia), while reducing the isolation of the central Pyrenees and the Aran Valley in Spain.

Airports

Three international airports are located within 150 kilometres (93 mi) of Lannemezan:

Urbanism

Urban morphology

Urban morphology: Location of the quarters of Lannemezan

The town of Lannemezan has a general north/south orientation, and consists of the following main areas:

Housing

One of the new homes built in Lannemezan, near the railway station

The statistics for housing in the town are grouped in the following table:[8]

Type Lannemezan National average
Principal residences 85.5% 83%
Secondary residences 3.5% 10.1%
Vacant housing 11% 8%
Villas 57.4% 56.8%
Apartments 38.4% 40.4%
Other types of housing 4.2% 2.8%
Owners 50.9% 55.3%
Tenants 42.8% 39.8%
Persons with free housing 6.3% 4.9%

Public transport

Bus routes of Lannemezan

A shuttle was set up two days a week (Wednesday and Friday), with special access for seniors. Three services are available with stops on the following roads:

Route 1
South route (14 stops)		 Route 2
East route (9 stops)		 Route 3
North route (10 stops)
Place des droits de l'homme
Rue Saint JeanRue du HourquetRue de la Baïse
Rue du tir (3 stops)Route de ToulouseRue Voltaire
Rue de la lande de bocRue du HourcRue des moulins
Rue du GuérissaRue de l'hippodrome (2 stops)Route de Galan
Rue de la landeBoulevard des tilleulsChemin du Bédat
Rue des usines Rue des petits champsRue des barraquès
Route de la Barthe de NesteBoulevard des tilleulsPlace du Château
Allée du bocage Rue Georges Clemenceau
Rue des résistants (2 stops)Rue des Écoles
Rue du 8 mai 1945
Rue du 8 mai 1945 – Place de l'Ormeau

Development projects

New subdivisions

Very many real estate projects have been launched in the city, to improve habitation in Lannemezan, as well as to increase the housing capacity, to limit the effect of the Lannemezan population decrease.

Among these, the Clos des Moulins, delivered in 2007, presents 44 units spread across four-storey buildings,[9] close to the college and the stadium. Always close to the college, the cité des familles consists of 16 moderate-rent housing.[10] In 2008, two other residences were opened near the Des Bourtoulets Quarter, Boulevard des Tilleuls and the station: The Villalodge du Parc, consisting of 16 villas and 54 apartments,[11] and the residence of la Cheneraie, consisting of 62 apartments spread over four-storey buildings.[12] Finally, north of the town, on the road to Galan, the Bastide de Piquegrue was created in 2009. It contains 34 semi-detached villas.[13]

City centre and the Place du Château

At the level of the rehabilitation of the city centre, the majority of the streets and squares have been remade for nine to 15 years. A renovation project of the façades, in association with the mayor's office, has been organized. Lastly, the construction of buildings in the Place du Château, scheduled for 2010, will be used to completely close the place to give it a more urban character.

The CM10 conversion

The town of Lannemezan bought the 110 hectares (270 acres) of military land from the Centre Mobilisateur No. 10 to the State in 2009, for the sum of €930,000. On this land, three areas will be delineated: The first zone of trade and crafts, the second will be used for the construction of a tertiary residence and finally the last area will be a space of inter-communal development.[14]

Toponymy

Located halfway between the Atlantic and the Mediterranean, it is based on the Plateau de Lannemezan, the Gascon Occitan word Lanamesa: The "heath of the middle". Lannemezan is also made up of the lande de Boc (lande du bouc), former den of witches and bandouliers (highwaymen) which gradually declined as a result of the hard work of men, both agricultural and industrial.

History

The Middle Ages

Géraud of Aure-Larboust, the lord who ruled on the Plateau de Lannemezan, founded the fortified village of Lennemezan in the Lande de Boc in 1274, probably on the site of an earlier watchtower. To populate the place, he granted a charter franchise.

In 1345, Gaston III of Foix-Béarn bought Lannemezan from Géraud II of Aure-Larboust for price of 1,700 livres tournois and attaches the village to the Viscount of Nébouzan. In 1388, the chronicler Jean Froissart passes by "the Châtel of Lamesen".

Early Modern era

In 1500, Catherine of Navarre, heir of the property of Foix-Béarn, granted Lannemezan the right to hold a market every Wednesday, as well as a fair four times a year. In 1569, his granddaughter Jeanne d'Albret charged Gabriel I of Montgomery to regain the land confiscated by the King of France. At the head of a Protestant army of 3,000 men, Montgomery set upon taking the Pyreneean country. At Lannemezan, the St. John the Baptist Church and the houses of the priests were burned.

In 1607, Henri IV linked the Viscount of Nébouzan to the Kingdom of France and in 1630, the city had 130 feus.

During the Revolution, Lannemezan was attached to the department of the Hautes-Pyrénées. Its first mayor, Dominique Lagleize, was appointed in 1790. The last lord, Marc II Bertrand François de Lassus, was sentenced to death by the Revolutionary Court of Paris, and was sent to the guillotine in 1794.

19th century

Ancient fountain of the Place de la République
The railway station at the start of the 20th century

Throughout the 19th century, Lannemezan acquired various pieces of infrastructure.

A fountain, since moved, was located opposite the town hall in 1848.

The railway station was commissioned in 1867 by the Chemins de fer du Midi and the Canal latéral à la Garonne.

The grain market, a disappeared work by the architect Isidore Bonnemaison, was built to mark the centenary of the Revolution in 1889.

20th century and the beginning of the 21st century

The grain market (1889–1967) and druidess statue (1911–1943)
The town hall (inaugurated in 1911)
The centre of Lannemezan in the 1950s

The development of Lannemezan was accentuated in the 20th century. It became a real city with businesses and industries. However, farming remains active.

Impressive growth (1900–1970)

Emergence of the Peyrehitte Quarter

During World War I, a hydro electrochemical plant built by the Poudrerie Nationale de Toulouse settled in the Peyrehitte quarter. In 1921, it became the Société des Produits Azotés [nitrogen products company] (SPA). Within its development, the construction of another plant, a producer of aluminium (electro-chemistry), began in 1939. These two plants, although creating jobs, did not cause any significant increase in population (only 500 inhabitants more, between 1906 and 1936). Their workforce, in fact, consisted mainly of locals (who often kept their second job of farming) and foreigners. All the same, it required the construction of a workers' village that was equipped with a chapel, a dining room, a school and a swimming pool, etc. The quarter had a population of almost 600 people in 1943.

Vichy regime and internment camp

A decree of 6 April 1940, even before the German invasion, prohibited the movement of nomads (Gypsies, fairground, etc.) throughout the metropolitan territory for the duration of the war and imposed house arrest. In 1940, following the German invasion, anti-nomadic racism increased under the Vichy regime and the first "Gypsies" were interned in camps both in the occupied area and the free zone. Both camps would be created in the "free zone" in order to intern nomads: The Saliers camp and the camp of Lannemezan.

At Lannemezan, in April 1941, the prefect of the Hautes-Pyrénées brought together all of the "nomads" of the department on the Plateau de Lannemezan, then enclosed them in a ruined hospital which was guarded by the gendarmerie. The camp was located on a hillside and at the mercy of the elements, like the others it was ill-equipped and unsanitary. Approximately 700 people, which according to the definition of the vichy regime were called "Bohemians" (nomads, fairground people) were interned in the camps, they stayed there until 1946.

Metamorphosis of the Demi-Lune quarter

The psychiatric hospital was built just before World War II (1938), a barracks, as well as an arsenal (in 1939) in place of the former racecourse in the town. In 1945, it was entrusted to Dr. Henri Ueberschlag. Modern psychiatry, including by rehabilitation through work, made Lannemezan hospital a renowned place throughout the country.

Around it, the Demi-Lune quarter was organized and embellished with a leisure park which welcomed more than 100,000 visitors per year, as well as an 18-hole golf course.

The arsenal, after a period of abandonment, served as a deposit and place of storage from 1948. It expanded greatly during the 1950s, especially with a Mobilising Centre (CM 10) opening in 1951.

The mobile guards barracks became that of a Republican Company of Security (CRS 29) with an adjoining housing estate. The population of Lannemezan then rose to almost 9,000 inhabitants at the end of the 1960s.

Evolution of central public spaces

The beginning of the 20th century was marked by the burning of the town hall. The former town hall building was rebuilt in 1911 in a Neo-Renaissance style. The fountain which faced the old town hall, on the Place de la République, was dismantled. it was eventually reused to decorate the vicinity of the hospital.

The statue of the Druidess, installed in front of the grain market in 1911, moved on the Place de Foirail in 1926. It replaced the war memorial of Paul Ducuing which stands today on the Esplanade de la Poste. In 1943, it was melted down by the occupying German authorities, in order to recover metals.

During the war, many families from the north and east of the France took refuge in Lannemezan, allowing a doubling of the population. The factories had up to 1,200 employees. Many markets and fairs and thirty cafes made for a bustling city centre.

In 1967, the grain market was demolished to build the functionalist post office and its tree-lined esplanade.

The decline (1970–2007)

From the 1970s, the oil crisis and the austerity measures forced a decline in industry activity and the decline of the number of their employees. In addition, the reform of the armed forces involved the closure of the arsenal. Only the psychiatric hospital managed to remain, and doubled as a general hospital, an emergency department and maternity (closed in 2009 during the reform of hospitals).

The introduction of the new prison, in 1987, and the renovation of a very large part of the town centre did not prevent the decline of the population, which fell below 6,000 inhabitants at the beginning of the 21st century.

However, the redevelopment of the site of the Alcan plant, closed in 2007–2008, with the opening of the Carbone Savoie and Knauf Insulation factories, associated with many real estate projects (reconstruction of the cité des familles, new subdivisions, etc.) could mean the end of the decline.

Decorations, distinctions and titles

Politics and administration

The results with the latest elections, since 2001, are presented in the table below:

Presidential Elections

Results dof the first round for the presidential election in Lannemezan, dsince 2002
Results of the second round for the presidential election in Lannemezan, since 2002
Election Round Winner Full results Turnout
French presidential election, 2002[15]
1st
 23.09% : Lionel Jospin (PS) 19.66% : Jacques Chirac (RPR)
13.56% : Jean-Marie Le Pen (FN)
6.68% : François Bayrou (UDF)
6.10% : Jean Saint-Josse (CPNT)
5.82% : Arlette Laguiller (LO)
5.00% : Noël Mamère (The Greens)
4.65% : Jean-Pierre Chevènement (MDP)
4.03% : Olivier Besancenot (LCR)
3.44% : Robert Hue (PCF)
1.95% : Christiane Taubira (PRG)
1.88% : Alain Madelin (DL)
1.72% : Corinne Lepage (CAP21)
1.45% : Bruno Mégret (MNR)
0.55% : Christine Boutin (FRS)
0.43% : Daniel Gluckstein (PT)
68.61%
2nd
 87.47% : Jacques Chirac (RPR) 12.53% : Jean-Marie Le Pen (FN)
78.22%
French presidential election, 2007[16]
1st
 33.03% : Ségolène Royal (PS) 25.63% : Nicolas Sarkozy (UMP)
20.21% : François Bayrou (UDF)
7.80% : Jean-Marie Le Pen (FN)
3.92% : Olivier Besancenot (LCR)
2.54% : Marie-George Buffet (PCF)
1.47% : Frédéric Nihous (CPNT)
1.28% : Dominique Voynet (The Greens)
1.28% : Philippe de Villiers (MPF)
1.10% : Arlette Laguiller (LO)
1.07% : José Bové (CP)
0.66% : Gérard Schivardi (PT)
85.40%
2nd
 55.05% : Ségolène Royal (PS) 44.95% : Nicolas Sarkozy (UMP)
85.82%
French presidential election, 2012
1st
36.13% : François Hollande (PS) 20.17% : Nicolas Sarkozy (UMP)
16.09% : Marine Le Pen (FN)
13.55% : Jean-Luc Mélenchon (FDG)
8.80% : François Bayrou (MoDem)
1.57% : Nicolas Dupont-Aignan (DLR)
1.44% : Eva Joly (EELV)
1.34% : Philippe Poutou (NPA)
0.47% : Nathalie Arthaud (LO)
0.40% : Jacques Cheminade (SP)
80.10%
2nd
 61.71% : François Hollande (PS) 38.29% : Nicolas Sarkozy (UMP)
80.79%

Other elections

Election Round Winner Full results Turnout
French legislative election, 2002[17]
2nd
50.07% : Pierre Forgues (PS) 49.93% : Patrick Butor (UMP)
59.98%
French legislative election, 2007[18]
2nd
51.00% : Pierre Forgues (PS) 49.00% : Monique Lamon (UMP)
62.69%
2004 European Parliament election[19]
2nd
37.18% : Kader Arif (PS) 17.00% : Jean-Marie Cavada (UDF)
41.42%
2009 European Parliament election[20]
2nd
27.75% : Kader Arif (PS) 24.86% : Dominique Baudis (UMP)
40.97%
French regional elections, 2004[21]
2nd
56.59% : Martin Malvy (PS) 32.83% : Jacques Godfrain (UDF)
64.38%
French regional elections, 2010
2nd
76.53% : Martin Malvy (PS) 23.47% : Brigitte Barèges (UDF)
53.76%
French cantonal elections, 2008[22]
2nd
49.58% : Henri Forges (PS) 36.29% : Marie-Françoise Couput (DVD)
65.12%
French municipal elections, 2001[23]
1st
34.76% : Pierre Bleuler (UDF) (unelected) 32.84% : Bernard Plano (DVG)
French municipal elections, 2001[23]
2nd
56.43% : Bernard Plano (DVG) 43.57% : Pierre Bleuler (UDF).
French municipal elections, 2008[24]
1st
58.95% : Bernard Plano (UG) 21.17% : Marie-Françoise Couput (DVD)
14.82% : Laurent Lages (DVG)
21.17% : Michel Duprat (DVD)
79.60%
French European Constitution referendum, 2005:[25]
–
53.82% : No 46.18% : Yes
71.19%
French Socialist Party presidential primary, 2011
1st
48.78% for François Hollande 22.86% : Martine Aubry
14.94% : Arnaud Montebourg
6.10% : Ségolène Royal
4.88% : Manuel Valls
2.44% : Jean-Michel Baylet
French Socialist Party presidential primary, 2011
2nd
64.26% for François Hollande 35.74% for Martine Aubry
French municipal elections, 2014[26]
1st
65.32% : Bernard Plano (PS) 34.67% : Laurent Lages (DVG)
70.14%

List of mayors

The town hall

Since 1939, Lannemezan has had only four mayors:

List of mayors of Lannemezan
Start End Name Party Other details
1939 1966 Paul Baratgin Radical Left Republican RGR Senator
1966 1977 François Sarrat Radical Socialist Entrepreneur, senator
1977 2001 Pierre Bleuler UDF Medical doctor, député
2001 In progress Bernard Plano PS Engineer

Arrangement of the municipal council

Formation of the municipal council of Lannemezan, from 2008

The municipal election of 2008 took place in a single round. Four lists were present:

Below is the sharing of the seats in the municipal council of Lannemezan, following the municipal elections in 2008:[27]

Party Leader Seats Status
UG Bernard Plano 24 Majority
DVD Marie-Françoise Couput 3 Opposition
DVG Laurent Lages 2 Opposition

Judicial and administrative authorities

The city has a municipal police service, a police station and a courthouse which was closed as part of the Dati reform. The city depends on the Court of Appeal and the Administrative Court of Pau.

The Lannemezan prison centre, was built in 1987.

Agglomeration community

 The town of Lannemezan is part of the Communauté de communes du plateau de Lannemezan et des Baïses. It was amalgamated, on 1 January 2014, with the Communauté de communes du Plateau de Lannemezan and the Communauté de communes des Baïses which brought together the following communes: Arné, Bonrepos, Campistrous, Castelbajac, Clarens, Galan, Galez, Houeydets, Lagrange, Lannemezan, Libaros, Montastruc, Pinas, Recurt, Réjaumont, Sabarros, Sentous, Tajan, Tournous-Devant et Uglas[28]

Twinning

Lannemezan is twinned with:

Population and society

Demography

Demographic evolution

In 2012, the commune had 5,906 inhabitants. The evolution of the number of inhabitants is known through the population censuses carried out in the town since 1793. From the 21st century, communes with less than 10,000 population have real censuses held every five years, unlike other communes which have a sample survey each year.[note 1][note 2]

Historical population
YearPop.±%
1793779—    
1800841+8.0%
18061,411+67.8%
18211,411+0.0%
18311,243−11.9%
18361,302+4.7%
18411,408+8.1%
18461,563+11.0%
18511,604+2.6%
YearPop.±%
18561,570−2.1%
18611,607+2.4%
18661,602−0.3%
18721,772+10.6%
18761,839+3.8%
18811,859+1.1%
18862,379+28.0%
18911,872−21.3%
18961,794−4.2%
YearPop.±%
19012,023+12.8%
19062,069+2.3%
19111,913−7.5%
19212,035+6.4%
19262,305+13.3%
19312,569+11.5%
19362,529−1.6%
19465,095+101.5%
19545,308+4.2%
YearPop.±%
19627,378+39.0%
19688,680+17.6%
19758,385−3.4%
19827,362−12.2%
19906,704−8.9%
19996,137−8.5%
20065,824−5.1%
20075,762−1.1%
20125,906+2.5%
From 1962 to 1999: Population without double counting; for the years following: municipal population.
Source: Ldh/EHESS/Cassini until 1999[29] then INSEE from 2004[30]

Population distribution and age structure

One can note the following proportions between men and women: There is an almost perfect equality between these proportions. Nevertheless, there was an inversion of the majority sex between 1990 and 1999.

Year Sex Population Percentage
1990 Males 3,360 50.13%
Females 3,343 49.87%
1999 Males 3,035
49.45%
Females 3,103 50.55%

Here below, the evolution of the age structure of the commune of Lannemezan, between 1990 and 1999.[31] Overall, this population appears to be ageing.

Population by age of Lannemezan, 1990 (%)
95+
0.1
75–95
8.55
60–74
15.4
45–59
18.6
30–44
24.25
15–29
19.8
0–14
13.35

Total: 100.05

 male
female
Population by age of Lannemezan, 1999 (%)
95+
0.2
75–95
11.2
60–74
18.3
45–59
19.35
30–44
22.65
15–29
15.1
0–14
13.05

Total: 99.85

 male
female

Demographic comparisons

Rank Total population Population density
France 1,748th 2,731th
Midi-Pyrénées 65th 97th
Hautes-Pyrénées 5th 14th
Arrondissement of Bagnères-de-Bigorre 2nd 2nd
Canton of Lannemezan 1st 1st

Education

Lannemezan is part of the Academy of Toulouse. All of the establishments in the town are summarised in the table below.

Nursery and primary schools

Since the closure of the Groupe Scolaire de la Demi-Lune at the beginning of the 21st century due to lack of staff, four school groups are present in the city.

Secondary

Lycée Michelet

Website: ENT

Specialised education

University life

The town of Lannemezan lacks institutions for higher education. However, academic centres are present near the town: Tarbes, Auch, Pau and Toulouse.

The nearest centre, namely that of Tarbes, has significant specialised training, such as a nursing school, many IUT and BTS, an IUFM, a faculty of physics-chemistry belonging to the Paul Sabatier University in Toulouse, a school of ceramics, a STAPS and for CPGE (preparatory classes to the Grandes Ecoles), PC, PT and commerce sections for economy and social. There is also an important school of engineers, ENIT (National School of engineers of Tarbes which belongs to the INP in Toulouse: National Polytechnic Institute). This centre concentrates approximately 5,000 students.[32]

Cultural events and festivities

Lannemezan is the main location of numerous festivals and events throughout the year.[33]

The festival of Saint Jean

The festival of Saint Jean, taking place in late June for five days (from Friday to Tuesday) annually attracts many people, and allows the animation of the entire town, thanks to the many events offered. Fireworks, concerts in all corners of the town, disco entertainment or musette following into the evening, many rides for children or excitement for those bigger, with activities offered by different associations, such as horse races or the demonstration by the firefighters of the plateau. This annual festival is launched with the famous fire of Saint Jean, which takes place in a different area each year.

Markets

The covered vegetable market

The weekly market takes place every Wednesday morning until early afternoon and attracts many merchants who sometimes come from very far away to Lannemezan. This market is located in the streets of the town centre, around the church and the Place du Château, as well as in the covered market hall with vegetables of the Nébouzan.

During the summer, night markets are organised by the town. These allow tourists and residents to discover local crafts and the many typical gastronomic specialties of the region.

The annual festival of theatre

Created in 2003 by the town hall, the inter-Pyrénéean meetings of theatre are the highlight of the Lannemezan cultural year. Benefitting from the prestigious patronage of Marcel Maréchal, the founder of Tréteaux de France, they aim to both to enrich the offerings of theatre proposed year-round for the people of Lannemezan, to foster local and regional development and to participate in the summer activities of the commune. Initially scheduled in July, these meetings are, since 2006, held in September to better involve schools and the Lannemezan people returning from holiday.

Other events

Health

  • Medicine, surgery and emergencies
  • Mental health (adult and child psychiatry)
  • Geriatric and elderly service
  • Medico-social, disability rehabilitation
  • A medical technology floor

The establishment, then called the Hôpital Psychiatrique de Lannemezan [Lannemezan Psychiatric Hospital] (HPL), was built in 1937 on the site of Lannemezan. Meanwhile, in 1975, a local clinic of the plateau, located in Lannemezan, was integrated to the hospital. The medical, surgical and emergency services were installed on the hospital site of Lannemezan in very modern premises built in 1991, referred to as the Medico-Surgical Centre.

Sport

Sports facilities

The stadium

Sport in the town

Different sports in the town

Many sports can be practised in clubs in Lannemezan.

Organisation of sporting events
Routes of stages of the Tour de France having Lannemezan as the departure town

Lannemezan has, up to now, hosted a stage of the Tour de France four times. The town is due to do so again in 2015:

Year Quality Stage Winner
1 1999 Tour de France Departure town 16th stage: Lannemezan – Pau
192 kilometres (119 mi)		Spain David Etxebarria
2 2002 Tour de FranceDeparture town 12th stage: Lannemezan – Plateau de Beille
198 kilometres (123 mi)		United States Lance Armstrong
Victory annulled
3 2004 Tour de FranceDeparture town 13th stage: Lannemezan – Plateau de Beille
205 kilometres (127 mi)		United States Lance Armstrong
Victory annulled
4 2008 Tour de FranceDeparture town 11th stage: Lannemezan – Foix
167.5 kilometres (104.1 mi)		Norway Kurt Asle Arvesen
5 2015 Tour de FranceDeparture town 12th stage: Lannemezan – Plateau de Beille
195 kilometres (121 mi)		 Spain Joaquim Rodríguez

Lannemezan has also hosted the Tour des Pyrénées cycle race several times.

Media

Information bulletins, published by the commune, were created and sent to residents during the first term of office of the current PS mayor of the commune, Bernard Plano. These bulletins are also associated to newsletters published by the Communauté de communes du Plateau de Lannemezan.

Radio Festival Lannemezan, a Lannemezan radio station also made its appearance, on 95FM Radio Festival. Radio Festival Lannemezan is under the supervision of the association of Festival D'Énergie du Plateau. The association which was aimed at the creation of a local radio station, was established in 2002. Radio Festival was initially a temporary radio. Since August 2006, it received the authority to operate a permanent radio. First installed on the premises of another radio (RDC) in the Comminges, after a few setbacks, it returned to Lannemezan and began broadcasting on 16 November 2007 with a brand new team of volunteers. The headquarters is still town hall of Lannemezan, with the studio on Rue Alphonse Couget and transmitter on the water tower of the CM 10. This enables coverage over all of the Plateau de Lannemezan with a 30 kilometres (19 mi) radius. Since late 2007, Radio Festival only works with volunteers (a dozen) and is financed by advertising, a few community grants, benefit evenings and activities, and the membership fees and donations. The objective is the promotion of the territory and the people who live there (companies, traders, elected representatives, associations, population). It has an obligation to issue at least four hours of programming on Lannemezan and the Plateau every day, through information flashes, meetings, and direct. It operates 24 hours a day. The station can be listened to, from across the world, through the website: radiofestival-lannemezan.fr.[34]

A public computer space has been created in Lannemezan, first located at Rue Alsace-Lorraine, it was transferred to the Espace Paul Bert to allow more computers to be available, all for free.

DTT has been available at Lannemezan since its inception, thanks to the transmitter of the Pic du Midi de Bigorre. Internet ADSL broadband is available in the commune, and a fibre optic project is underway which is away from the autoroute.

Worship

Catholic worship can be practiced in the commune, two places of worship are present: The Chapel of Bourtoulets and the Church of Saint John the Baptist.

Economy

Employment

Comparative statistics of employment in Lannemezan

Statistics on employment and the economy of the city are grouped in the following tables:[8]

Criteria Lannemezan National average
Unemployment rate (1999) 12.8% 12.9%
Unemployment rate (2005) 6.5% 9.6%
Participation rate of those aged 20 to 59 76% 82.2%
Sector[35] Agriculture Industry Tertiary Construction
Lannemezan 1.7% 14.6% 79.9% 3.7%
National average 4.1% 18.3% 71.5% 6.1%

Income of the population and taxation

The median taxable household income was €16,226 in 2006, which ranks Lannemezan at 14,352nd position among the 30,687 communes with more than 50 households in metropolitan France.[36]

The average income per household in Lannemezan amounts to €17,312 per year (statistics based on 2007 revenues). Departmental average: €18,506, national average: €21,930. Lannemezan ranks as 237th commune of the 465 communes classified in the department. By comparison, the following departmental statistics are available:[37]

Industry

The Zone industrielle de Peyrehitte and the Zone Industrielle Sud consist of various industries:

Agriculture

Lannemezan presents an important rural area, on which is practiced mixed farming:

Many events in connection with these agricultural activities are held throughout the year in the town:

Commerce

Tourism

Lannemezan is located at a crossroads between sea and mountains, and thus represents a place of inescapable passage. The commune has four hotels, which have a capacity of 104 rooms (67 classified as 2-star, 37 classified as 1-star).[38]

A construction project in the Peyrehitte Industrial Zone should've led to the opening of a hotel in 2009. This project, launched by Brit Hotel was to lead to the construction of a 3-star hotel of 69 rooms, but seems to have been abandoned as a result of the economic crisis.[39]

Local culture and heritage

Religious heritage

A general view of the Saint-Jean Baptiste Church

The Saint-Jean-Baptiste Church is a Gothic church with an extended Romanesque nave (19th century), apse (15th century), portal (13th century), recorded capitals, and an unfinished bell tower (19th century). This building was included in the inventory of historical monuments on 24 October 1945,[40] the two candlesticks of Easter were classified in the inventory of historical monuments on 26 April 1976[41] and the altarpiece as well as the tabernacle of the high altar were classified on 7 July 1995.[42]

The chapel of the Bourtoulets.

The wood of the Culassou houses a statue of the Virgin Mary.

Civil heritage

Public spaces

The Place de la République
The Place des Droits de l'Homme et du Citoyen

Lannemezan has numerous tree-lined squares. The Place de l'hotel de ville [Town Hall Square] is, with its fountain, more modest. A monumental post office overlooking the Place de la République and its war memorial. The tourist office runs along a pathway leading to a large bandstand on the Place des Droits de l'Homme et du Citoyen [Square of the rights of man and of the citizen]. The Place du Château has a large car parking area near the still active market. The market of the Place de la Volaille was transformed into a tea room.

The town has the distinction of counting several war memorials one of which, work of the Russian Bernarovitch Feinberg, was the unfortunate gift from Rothschild in 1921. It struck the local pride and a new monument to relegate it was erected in 1925, shortly after the political defeat of the baron. It was the work of the sculptor of the Druidess, Paul Ducuing.

Remarkable houses

Archaeological remains

Environmental and floral heritage

In the vicinity

Personalities linked to the commune

Heraldry, logo and motto

 The arms of Lannemezan are blazoned :
"Quartered: To the first and to the fourth of Or to three pales reamed gules the second azure a passing cow contiguous and cowbell of argent, in the third argent to a greyhound creeping and defined of sable."[45]

See also

Bibliography

Notes

  1. ↑ At the beginning of the 21st century, the terms of census have been amended by Act No. 2002-276 of 27 February 2002, called "grassroots democracy law" on the democracy of proximity and in particular Title V "of census operations", in order, after a power transition period from 2004 to 2008, the annual publication of the legal population of the different French administrative districts. For municipalities with populations greater than 10,000 inhabitants, a sample survey is carried out annually, the entire territory of these municipalities is included at the end of the same period of five years. The first post-legal population from 1999, and fitting in the new system which came into force on 1 January 2009, is the census of 2006.
  2. ↑ In the census table, by Wikipedia convention, the principle was retained for subsequent legal populations since 1999 not to display the census populations in the table corresponding to the year 2006, the first published legal population calculated according to the concepts defined in Decree No. 2003-485 of 5 June 2003, and the years corresponding to an exhaustive census survey for municipalities with less than 10,000 inhabitants, and the years 2006, 2011, 2016, etc. For municipalities with more than 10,000, the latest legal population is published by INSEE for all municipalities.

References

  1. ↑ Information extracted from the article fr:Plateau de Lannemezan
  2. 1 2 Information extracted from "annuaire des mairies".
  3. ↑ Carte géographique des alentours de Lannemezan, sur le site de "ViaMichelin".
  4. ↑ Site of Viamichelin "ViaMichelin".
  5. ↑ "Climat" [Climate] (in French). Archived from the original on 2 October 2013.
  6. ↑ Readings observed between 2000 to 2010
  7. ↑ "Viamichelin".
  8. 1 2 "linternaute.com".
  9. ↑ "Groupe Loft".
  10. ↑ "Klekoon".
  11. ↑ "Groupe Cailleau".
  12. ↑ "Groupe Loft".
  13. ↑ "Groupe Loft".
  14. ↑ Article extract from "Semaine des Hautes-Pyrénées". 22 October 2009.
  15. ↑ "Résultats de l'élection présidentielle 2002 sur le site du ministère de l'Intérieur.".
  16. ↑ "Résultats de l'élection présidentielle 2007 sur le site du ministère de l'Intérieur.".
  17. ↑ "Résultats de l'élection législative 2002 sur le site du ministère de l'Intérieur.".
  18. ↑ "Résultats de l'élection législative 2007 sur le site du ministère de l'Intérieur.".
  19. ↑ "Résultats de l'élection régionale 2004 sur le site du ministère de l'Intérieur.".
  20. ↑ "Résultats de l'élection européenne 2009 sur le site du ministère de l'Intérieur.".
  21. ↑ "Résultats de l'élection régionale 2004 sur le site du ministère de l'Intérieur.".
  22. ↑ "Résultats de l'élection cantonale 2004 sur le site du ministère de l'Intérieur.".
  23. 1 2 "Résultats de l'élection municipale 2001.".
  24. ↑ "Résultats de l'élection municipale 2008.".
  25. ↑ "Résultats du référendum 2005 sur le site du ministère de l'Intérieur.".
  26. ↑ "Résultats des élections municipales et communautaires 2014".
  27. ↑ "Results of the 2008 municipal elections in Lannemezan". Ministère de l'Intérieur.
  28. ↑ "Communauté de communes du plateau de Lannemezan".
  29. ↑ "Lannemezan" [Lannemezan] (in French). Retrieved 11 May 2015.
  30. ↑ "65258-Lannemezan 2006" [65258-Lannemezan 2006] (in French). Retrieved 11 May 2015., "65258-Lannemezan 2007" [65258-Lannemezan 2007] (in French). Retrieved 11 May 2015. and "65258-Lannemezan 2012" [65258-Lannemezan 2012] (in French). Retrieved 11 May 2015.
  31. ↑ "INSEE – pyramide des âges en 1999".
  32. ↑ "ATLAS REGIONAL – Effectifs d'étudiants en 2001–2002" (PDF). media.education.gouv.fr. 2002. p. 87.
  33. ↑ Site of Lannemezan: "Lannemezan France".
  34. ↑ "Qui est Radio Festival Lannemezan ?". Radio Festival Lannemezan.
  35. ↑ "Répartition des actifs par secteur d'activité selon une étude de l'Insee en 2006".
  36. ↑ "CC-Résumé statistique/com,dep,zone empl". INSEE.
  37. ↑ La Semaine des Pyrénées, 27 August 2009
  38. ↑ "linternaute.com".
  39. ↑ "Brit Hôtel".
  40. ↑ "Monuments historiques".
  41. ↑ "Monuments historiques".
  42. ↑ "Monuments historiques".
  43. ↑ "Monuments historiques".
  44. ↑ "Parc de loisirs".
  45. ↑ La banque du blason.
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