Woodlawn (IRT Jerome Avenue Line)

For other rail stations named Woodlawn, see Woodlawn Station.
Woodlawn
New York City Subway rapid transit station

The platforms at Woodlawn, looking south
Station statistics
Address Bainbridge Avenue & Jerome Avenue
Bronx, NY 10467
Borough The Bronx
Locale Norwood
Coordinates 40°53′10″N 73°52′44″W / 40.886005°N 73.878808°W / 40.886005; -73.878808Coordinates: 40°53′10″N 73°52′44″W / 40.886005°N 73.878808°W / 40.886005; -73.878808
Division A (IRT)
Line IRT Jerome Avenue Line
Services       4  (all times)
Transit connections NYCT Bus: Bx16, Bx34
MTA Bus: BxM4
Bee-Line Bus: 4, 20, 21
Structure Elevated
Platforms 1 island platform (in service)
2 side platforms (unused)
Spanish solution
Tracks 2
Other information
Opened April 15, 1918 (1918-04-15)
Traffic
Passengers (2015) 2,418,890[1] Increase 1.8%
Rank 203 out of 422
Station succession
Next north (Terminal): 4 
Next south Mosholu Parkway (local): 4 
Burnside Avenue (express): no regular service
Woodlawn Station (Dual System IRT)
MPS New York City Subway System MPS
NRHP Reference # 05000679[2]
Added to NRHP July 6, 2005

Woodlawn is the northern terminal of the New York City Subway's IRT Jerome Avenue Line. The station is located at the intersection of Bainbridge and Jerome Avenues. Despite the station name, this intersection is in the Norwood section of the Bronx, and not in Woodlawn. It is served by the 4 train at all times.

The station was built in 1917 and opened the following year, from an Arts and Crafts design by the subway's chief architect, Squire J. Vickers. Its opening helped spur development of the area that had begun with the opening of nearby Woodlawn Cemetery. Following renovations in 2005, it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places for its use of ornamental concrete. A public art display of stained glass called Children at Play was also installed.

Station layout

Track layout
Legend
to Mosholu Pkwy
 to Burnside Av
The bumper block at the end of Track 1
P
Platform level		 Side platform, not in service
Track 4 toward Utica Avenue (New Lots Avenue late nights) (Mosholu Parkway) →
(No service: Burnside Avenue)
Island platform, doors will open on the left or right
Track 1 toward Utica Avenue (New Lots Avenue late nights) (Mosholu Parkway) →
(No service: Burnside Avenue)
Side platform, not in service
M Mezzanine Station agent, MetroCard vending machines, fare control
G Street Level Exit/ Entrance

The station is located above Jerome Avenue just south of its oblique intersection with Bainbridge Avenue at that street's northern end. Woodlawn Cemetery is on the east side of the street, and its main entrance and gatehouse are a block to the north of the station. A large wooded portion of Van Cortlandt Park, including its golf course, on the other side buffers the cemetery, although it has been the site of a large construction project recently. The east side of Jerome to 213th Street is a mixture of small-scale commercial development and parking lots.

Exterior

Woodlawn is built of steel frame faced in ornamental concrete, with a large headhouse at the northern end.

Three large steel arches over Jerome Avenue support the mezzanine level. The tracks above them are supported by through girders with four half-inch (13 mm) expansion joints at their intersection with the supporting members in order to mitigate stress to the concrete caused by vibrations from passing trains. Burlap coated in coal tar atop the girders provides a waterproof track floor.[3]

The concrete surface of the platforms is smooth, in contrast to the rough bush-hammered finish preferred elsewhere on the IRT Dual System stations. Corrugated metal windscreens are located along the length of the side platforms, which have also been enclosed in plywood. The west side has been partially enclosed to serve as station rooms. They are covered in steel frame canopies with truss supports and wooden-slat gabled roofs and lit by fluorescent fixtures.[3]

At the south end the platforms are open and lit by modern double lampposts. Just south of the island platform's end is a pyramid-roofed original signal tower. There are other signal towers and service rooms, faced in corrugated metal, south of the other platforms. A flagman's structure is beneath the north end of the island platform canopy.[3]

Interior

The entrances are at the base of the stair towers. They are openings sheltered by a bracketed metal portico that echoes the station's roof-line. Pedestrian traffic on the sidewalks can continue through.[3]

Stairs lead up to the mezzanine, its interior faced in cream-colored brick. Fifteen stained glass panels in the five windows, depicting children playing against swirling, colorful backgrounds, comprise a work called Children at Play by Josie Gonzalez Albright. There is a newsstand and restrooms here.[3]

Three separate flights of stairs lead up to the platform. Here, there is a dispatcher's office and crew quarters in the tops of the stair towers. There is a turnstile bank and MetroCard machines.[3]

The station has two tracks, one center island platform and two disused side platforms extending south, ending a short distance north of 213th Street. The tracks end at bumper blocks at the north end of the platforms. The station was formerly set up as a Spanish solution with alighting passengers using the side platforms and boarding passengers using the island platform in a style similar to the other Bronx IRT terminals. Now all passengers use the island platform. There are old style signs on the center platform built from the ground up.[3]

Exits

West stair tower from south

Two cubical concrete stair towers with corner piers are at either end of the head-house, the station's north end. The symmetrical windows on the west end are original nine-light casement windows; those on the east have been covered over or replaced. All are flanked with a narrow, wide-silled window similar to those on the north facade. Piers are at the corners. Murals with patriotic themes have been painted on the sides. At the top, below the gently pitched gabled roof in standing-seam metal, is a polychrome mosaic frieze above three recessed panels.[3]

Between the towers is a two-story span. Its lower level, the mezzanine, is faced in concrete and divided into three sections divided by square pilasters. All have a recessed triple casement window; that in the central portion is flanked by two similar double windows. Traffic lights are mounted on the west side and western portion of the central section below window level. At the top of each pilaster is a mosaic tile. A smooth metal strip runs across the top. Above it is an apparent second story, sided in the vertical plywood that shelters the platform. It is recessed slightly from the mezzanine, with its fenestration echoing that below.[3]

History

View of platforms from bumper block

In the 1840s, the Harlem Railroad made the first rail connection between Manhattan and what became the Woodlawn neighborhood, a connection that still exists via the Woodlawn station on what is now Metro-North Railroad's Harlem Line. At that time, like much of the western Bronx, it was still rural and heavily farmed. Residential development did not start until after the opening of the cemetery in 1865. As a rural cemetery, at the time of its opening, it was as much a park as a burial ground, a popular place to visit for strolls and picnics. By the 1890s the surrounding neighborhood was well-populated with working-class Irish and Italian immigrants.[3] Those residents had regularly been lobbying for a subway connection, which was constructed the Interborough Rapid Transit Company (IRT) was expanded via the Dual Contracts. The IRT created the Jerome Avenue, Pelham, and White Plains Road lines, opening many areas of the Bronx to residential development and making them desirable places for commuters to live.[3]

Vickers, chief architect for the subway system, designed the station in 1917. The use of ornamental concrete was in keeping with his dictum that, in any location where an elevated subway line intersected a major boulevard or was close to a scenic asset such as a parkway, it should be sheathed in it. As a result, it serves as a visual focal point for the area and connects the commercial areas on either side of the street. Its interior is also decorated with the ceramic tilework that characterizes many of his stations above and below ground.

The station opened on April 15, 1918.[4] It was named after Woodlawn Road, the former name of Bainbridge Avenue,[5] but is most often associated with Woodlawn Cemetery,[6] whose main entrance is just up the street. Woodlawn Road was renamed years ago, but the old name persists to this day on some signs.[5] Woodlawn, though, became even more densely populated after the station opened. The cemetery, which had lobbied for a stop nearby, benefited as well. It opened a sales office to deal with the demand for burial plots. The subway's connection to Harlem led to many Harlem Renaissance figures such as Duke Ellington and W. C. Handy being buried at Woodlawn.[7]

The 1991 death of John McNalley at the station triggered an investigation into whether it could have been prevented. McNalley, in his 50s, had been reported as having difficulties as the train passed the Burnside Avenue station, six stops south. The train continued north; transit police were notified of the situation at Fordham Road. By the time paramedics were able to reach McNalley he had died from cardiac arrest. Transit police officers claimed that their calls to the Metropolitan Transportation Authority command center urging the train to be stopped were ignored. Their union president called for police to be given the authority to order a train stopped in an emergency.[8]

In the mid-2000s the station was renovated, as were others on the line. The second story was added above the mezzanine. Inside, the newsstand was restored. The station was listed on the National Register of Historic Places after it was renovated.[9]

External image
Panels from Children at Play

Albright's work was installed in two stages.[10] Albright, a Queens College graduate and city native who has been commissioned to do several public artworks in the city, is primarily a painter and muralist who focuses on everyday members of the community.[11] Children at Play was her first work in glass, and she spent time at a Philadelphia glass fabricator to understand the process. She took much of her inspiration from watching her son and his friends play, and also visited the station's vicinity extensively.[10]

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Facts and Figures: Annual Subway Ridership". Metropolitan Transportation Authority. Retrieved 2016-04-25.
  2. ↑ "NPS Focus". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. Retrieved September 7, 2011.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Howe, Kathleen (September 2004). "National Register of Historic Places nomination, Woodlawn Station". New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation. Retrieved December 11, 2010.
  4. ↑ "Jerome Av. Line Ordered Opened.". query.nytimes.com. Retrieved 2016-06-05.
  5. 1 2 When is a Subway Not a Subway?. Forgotten-ny.com. Retrieved on 2012-04-03.
  6. ↑ Cunningham, Laura Shaine (May 27, 2007). "Romancing the Stones". The New York Times. Retrieved December 13, 2010.
  7. ↑ Newman, Andy (August 22, 2008). "The Curious World of the Last Stop". The New York Times. Retrieved December 12, 2010.
  8. ↑ Hevesi, Dennis (September 1, 1991). "Trouble Underground: Cardiac Arrest Death Results in Subway Inquiry". The New York Times. Retrieved December 13, 2010.
  9. ↑ "National Register of Historic Places listings July 15, 2005". National Park Service. July 15, 2005. Retrieved December 13, 2010.
  10. 1 2 "Bronx Bound: New MTA public art projects in train stations along the 2, 4, 5 — Artists' Statements". Lehman College. Retrieved December 13, 2010.
  11. ↑ "Josie González Albright". Lehman College. Retrieved December 13, 2010.
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External image
Memorial mural on a wall of the station
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