South African Class 35-400

No. 35-406 at Stikland, Cape Town, 13 March 2007

Type and origin
Power type	Diesel-electric
Designer	General Electric
Builder	SA GE-DL Locomotive Group
Serial number	40520-40569, 41300-41349
Model	GE U15C
Build date	1976, 1978-1980
Total produced	100

Specifications
AAR wheel arr.	C+C
UIC class	Co'Co'
Gauge	3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) Cape gauge
Wheel diameter	915 mm (36.0 in)
Wheelbase	10,782 mm (35 ft 4.5 in)
• Bogie	3,188 mm (10 ft 5.5 in)
Pivot centres	7,860 mm (25 ft 9.4 in)
Length:
• Over couplers	15,152 mm (49 ft 8.5 in)
Width	2,753 mm (9 ft 0.4 in)
Height	3,874 mm (12 ft 8.5 in)
Axle load	13,720 kg (30,250 lb)
Adhesive weight	82,320 kg (181,480 lb)
Loco weight	82,320 kg (181,480 lb)
Fuel type	Diesel
Fuel capacity	2,700 litres (590 imp gal)
Prime mover	GE 7FDL-8
RPM range	385-1,050
• RPM low idle	385
• RPM idle	450
• Maximum RPM	1,050
Engine type	4-stroke diesel
Aspiration	Elliott H-584 turbocharger
Generator	10 pole GE 5GT-581C15
Traction motors	Six GE 5GE-764-C1 DC 4 pole
• Rating 1 hour	655A
• Continuous	645A @ 17 km/h (11 mph)
Cylinders	V8
Gear ratio	90:17
MU working	4 maximum
Loco brake	28-LAV-1 with vigilance control
Train brakes	Westinghouse 6CDX4UC compressor/exhauster
Air reservoir cap	740 litres (160 imp gal)
Compressor cap	0.033 m³/s (1.2 cu ft/s)
Exhauster cap	0.130 m³/s (4.6 cu ft/s)
Couplers	AAR knuckle SASKOP DS

Performance figures
Maximum speed	100 km/h (62 mph)
Power output:
• Starting	1,230 kW (1,650 hp)
• Continuous	1,160 kW (1,560 hp)
Tractive effort:
• Starting	201 kN (45,000 lbf) @ 25% adh.
• Continuous	161 kN (36,000 lbf) @ 21 km/h (13 mph)
Factor of adh.: • Starting	25%
• Continuous	20%
Loco brakeforce	60% ratio @ 345 kPa (50.0 psi)
Dynamic brake peak effort	138 kN (31,000 lbf) @ 28 km/h (17 mph)

Career
Operators	South African Railways Spoornet Transnet Freight Rail NLPI Tanzania Railways
Class	Class 35-400
Number in class	100
Numbers	35-401 to 35-500
Delivered	1976-1980
First run	1976

The South African Railways Class 35-400 of 1976 is a branchline diesel-electric locomotive.

Between March 1976 and May 1980, the South African Railways placed one hundred Class 35-400 General Electric type U15C diesel-electric locomotives in branchline service.^[1]^[2]

Manufacturer

The Class 35-400 type GE U15C diesel-electric locomotive was designed by General Electric (GE) and built for the South African Railways (SAR) by the South African General Electric-Dorman Long Locomotive Group (SA GE-DL, later Dorbyl). The first batch of fifty locomotives was delivered between March and December 1976, numbered in the range from 35-401 to 35-450. These were followed by a second batch of fifty between October 1978 and May 1980, numbered in the range from 35-451 to 35-500.^[1]^[2]^[3]

Class 35 series

GE and GM-EMD designs

Inter-bogie linkage

The Class 35 locomotive family consists of five sub-classes, the GE Classes 35-000 and 35-400 and the General Motors Electro-Motive Division (GM-EMD) Classes 35-200, 35-600 and 35-800. Both manufacturers also produced locomotives for the South African Classes 33, 34 and 36.^[2]

The locomotive has interlinked bogies, hence the "Co+Co" wheel arrangement classification. The linkage is usually hidden from view by the saddle-shaped fuel tank.

Distinguishing features

With the GE type U15C Class 35 locomotives, the Class 35-000 and 35-400 are usually visually indistinguishable from each other. A visible modification which was done during major overhauls, was the addition of a saddle hood astride the hump on the long hood behind the cab on Class 35-000 locomotives. By 2013 this modification had been done on a large number of Class 35-000 locomotives, but not on any of the Class 35-400s.^[4]

Service

South African Railways

The Class 35 family is South Africa's standard branchline diesel-electric locomotive. The GE Class 35-400s were designed for light rail conditions and they work on most branchlines in the central, western, southern and southeastern parts of the country.^[3] In the Western Cape, they work out of Bellville Depot in Cape Town on the branchlines to Bitterfontein, Saldanha and Caledon, and out of Worcester to George.

NLPI Ltd.

NLPI Limited, abbreviated from New Limpopo Projects Investments, is a Mauritius-registered company which specialises in private sector investments, using the build-operate-transfer (BOT) concept. It had three connected railway operations in Zimbabwe and Zambia, which formed a rail link between South Africa and the Democratic Republic of Congo.^[1]

The Beitbridge Bulawayo Railway (BBR), commissioned on 1 September 1999, operates the Beit Bridge to Bulawayo line in Zimbabwe.
Since February 2004, NLPI Logistics (NLL or LOG) operates between Bulawayo and Victoria Falls on the Zimbabwe-Zambia border.
Since February 2003, the Railway Systems of Zambia (RSZ) operated on the former Zambia Railways (ZR) from Victoria Falls to Sakania in the Congo.

In Zambia, the RSZ locomotive fleet included former Zambia Railways locomotives, but the rest of the locomotive fleet of all three operations consisted of South African GM-EMD Classes 34-200, 34-600 and 34-800 and GE Classes 35-000 and 35-400 locomotives, supplied by Transnet Freight Rail (TFR). These locomotives were sometimes marked as either BBR or LOG or both, but their status, whether leased or loaned, was unclear since they were still on the TFR roster and still often worked in South Africa as well. The locomotives did not appear to be restricted to work in any one of the three operations sections and have been observed being transferred to and fro across the bridge at Victoria Falls between Zimbabwe and Zambia, as required. Class 35-400 locomotives which serve with NLPI, include the locomotives annotated "NLPI" in the "leased or loaned" column in the table below.^[1]^[5]

Zambia Railways, the state-owned holding company, resumed control of the Zambian national rail network on 11 September 2012. This followed the government’s decision to revoke the operating concession which had been awarded to RSZ, after Finance Minister Alexander Chikwanda claimed that RSZ had "blatantly disregarded the provisions of the agreement" and had been "acting in a manner prejudicial to the interests of Zambians”.^[6]

Tanzania Railways

Ten Class 35-400 locomotives were leased to Tanzania Railways, where they were regauged to Metre gauge. Locomotives which serve, there include the ones annotated "Tanzania" in the "leased or loaned" column in the table below.^[1]

Zaire

Class 35-400 locomotives were also leased to Société Nationale des Chemins de Fer Zaïrois (SNCZ) in Zaire and were occasionally used by Zambia Railways on their journey north through Zambia. This was done with the agreement of SNCZ, who stipulated that they could only haul transit traffic for Zaire. Class 35-400 locomotives which were noted in such service through Zambia were, amongst others, two unidentified locomotives at Kabwe in August 1981, no. 35-464 at Choma in May 1985, no. 35-451 at Lusaka in February 1986, and another unidentified locomotive at Lusaka in May 1990, all under power on northbound goods.^[7]

Works numbers

The Class 35-400 builder’s works numbers and known international deployment are listed in the table.^[1]

**Class 35-400, GE type U15C**
Loco no.	Works no.	Leased or Loaned
35-401	40520	NLPI
35-402	40521	NLPI
35-403	40522
35-404	40523
35-405	40524	NLPI
35-406	40525	NLPI
35-407	40526	NLPI
35-408	40527
35-409	40528
35-410	40529
35-411	40530
35-412	40531
35-413	40532
35-414	40533
35-415	40534
35-416	40535
35-417	40536
35-418	40537
35-419	40538
35-420	40539
35-421	40540
35-422	40541
35-423	40542
35-424	40543
35-425	40544
35-426	40545
35-427	40546
35-428	40547
35-429	40548	NLPI
35-430	40549
35-431	40550	NLPI
35-432	40551	NLPI
35-433	40552
35-434	40553	NLPI
35-435	40554
35-436	40555	NLPI
35-437	40556
35-438	40557
35-439	40558
35-440	40559
35-441	40560
35-442	40561
35-443	40562
35-444	40563
35-445	40564
35-446	40565
35-447	40566
35-448	40567
35-449	40568
35-450	40569
35-451	41300	SNCZ
35-452	41301
35-453	41302
35-454	41303	Tanzania
35-455	41304	Tanzania
35-456	41305	Tanzania
35-457	41306	Tanzania
35-458	41307
35-459	41308
35-460	41309
35-461	41310	NLPI
35-462	41311
35-463	41312	NLPI
35-464	41313	SNCZ
35-465	41314
35-466	41315
35-467	41316
35-468	41317
35-469	41318
35-470	41319
35-471	41320
35-472	41321
35-473	41322
35-474	41323
35-475	41324
35-476	41325
35-477	41326	Tanzania
35-478	41327
35-479	41328
35-480	41329
35-481	41330	Tanzania
35-482	41331
35-483	41332	Tanzania
35-484	41333
35-485	41334	Tanzania
35-486	41335	Tanzania
35-487	41336
35-488	41337	Tanzania
35-489	41338
35-490	41339
35-491	41340
35-492	41341
35-493	41342
35-494	41343
35-495	41344
35-496	41345
35-497	41346
35-498	41347
35-499	41348
35-500	41349

Illustration

The main picture shows no. 35-406 in Spoornet orange livery, on a not excessively long train between Stikland and Bellville on 13 March 2007. Other liveries which were applied to Class 35-400 locomotives, are illustrated below. The last picture displays the roof of a Class 35-400 U15C locomotive. It was involved in a major derailment near Moorreesburg on 7 June 2007, when the track roadbed was washed away during heavy rain and flooding.^[8]

No. 35-467 in SAR Gulf Red and yellow whiskers livery, Bellville loco depot, Cape Town, 24 May 2009
No. 35-403 in an early version of Spoornet’s orange with a wide gray top edge, Stikland, 19 October 2006
No. 35-401 in Spoornet blue livery with outline numbers, Stikland, Cape Town, 16 August 2006
No. 35-483 in Transnet Freight Rail livery, Worcester Depot, Western Cape, 26 March 2013
No. 35-403 in Spoornet orange livery at Biesiesfontein Farm outside Moorreesburg, 9 June 2007

References

1 2 3 4 5 6 Middleton, John N. (2002). Railways of Southern Africa Locomotive Guide - 2002 (as amended by Combined Amendment List 4, January 2009) (2nd, Dec 2002 ed.). Herts, England: Beyer-Garratt Publications. pp. 38, 42.
1 2 3 South African Railways Index and Diagrams Electric and Diesel Locomotives, 610mm and 1065mm Gauges, Ref LXD 14/1/100/20, 28 January 1975, as amended
1 2 Paxton, Leith; Bourne, David (1985). Locomotives of the South African Railways (1st ed.). Cape Town: Struik. pp. 141–142. ISBN 0869772112.
↑ 35-001 with saddle filter
↑ Railways Africa, 7 Dec 2006: 35 Class Diesels
↑ ZRL in charge as RSZ concession revoked. Railway Gazette International, 13 September 2012
↑ Spoornet Diesels Leased to ZR 1978-1993. P.F. Bagshawe.
↑ Derailment at Moorreesburg on 7 June 2007

Wikimedia Commons has media related to South African Class 35-400.

Locomotives of South Africa

Steam

7' ¼" gauge	East London 0-4-0VB Table Bay 0-4-0ST Table Bay 0-4-0T Table Bay 0-4-0WT

4' 8½" gauge	Cape 0-4-0T Blackie Cape 0-4-2 Cape 2-4-0T CGR 0-4-0ST Aid Natal 0-4-0ST Durban Natal 0-4-0WT Natal Natal 4-4-0T Perseverance

3' 6" gauge Tank engines	CGR 0-4-0ST 1873 CGR 0-4-0ST 1874 CGR 0-4-0ST 1881 CGR 0-4-0ST 1881 Coffee Pot CGR 0-6-0ST CGR 0-6-0T CGR 2-6-0ST 1900 CGR 2-6-0ST 1902 CGR 1st Class 0-4-0ST 1875 CGR 1st Class 0-4-0ST 1876 CGR 1st Class 2-6-0ST CGR 1st Class 4-4-0T CGR 2nd Class 4-4-0T CGR 3rd Class 2-6-0T CGR Railmotor CSAR Class C CSAR Class E CSAR Rack 4-6-4RT CSAR Railmotor Durban's Congella Durban's Edward Innes Durban's John Milne Durban's Sir Albert Port Elizabeth 0-4-0ST Kowie Railway 0-6-0T Kowie Railway 4-4-0T Metropolitan & Suburban 4-6-2T NGR 2-6-0T Durban & Pietermaritzburg NGR Class I 2-6-2T NGR Class K 0-4-0ST NGR Class K 0-6-0ST NGR Class K 2-6-0T NZASM 10 Tonner NZASM 13 Tonner NZASM 14 Tonner NZASM 18 Tonner NZASM 19 Tonner NZASM 32 Tonner NZASM 40 Tonner PPR 26 Tonner PPR 35 Tonner Portuguese SAR Class A SAR Class B SAR Class C SAR Class C1 SAR Class C2 SAR Class D SAR Class E SAR Class F SAR Class G SAR Class H SAR Class H1 SAR Class H2 SAR Class J SAR Class K SAR Railmotor SAR Dock 0-4-0ST SAR Dock 0-4-0T SWA 2-8-0T

3' 6" gauge Tender engines	CGR 1st Class 2-6-0 1876 BP CGR 1st Class 2-6-0 1876 Kitson CGR 1st Class 2-6-0 1879 CGR 1st Class 2-6-0 1891 CGR 1st Class 4-4-0 CGR 1st Class 4-4-0TT CGR 2nd Class 2-6-2TT CGR 3rd Class 4-4-0 1883 CGR 3rd Class 4-4-0 1884 CGR 3rd Class 4-4-0 1889 CGR 3rd Class 4-4-0 1898 CGR 3rd Class 4-4-0 1901 CGR 3rd Class 4-4-0 1903 CGR 4th Class 4-4-2 CGR 4th Class 4-6-0TT 1880 CGR 4th Class 4-6-0TT 1882 CGR 4th Class 4-6-0TT 1882 Joy CGR 4th Class 4-6-0TT 1884 CGR 5th Class 4-6-0 1890 CGR 5th Class 4-6-0 1891 NGR Havelock NGR Class I SAR Class Exp 1 SAR Class Exp 2 SAR Class Exp 3 SAR Class Exp 4 SAR Class Exp 5 SAR Class Exp 6 SAR Class S SAR Class S1 SAR Class S2 SAR Class 1 SAR Class 1A SAR Class 1B SAR Class 2 SAR Class 2C SAR Class 3 SAR Class 3A SAR Class 3B SAR Class 4 SAR Class 4A SAR Class 5 SAR Class 5A SAR Class 5B SAR Class 6 SAR Class 6A SAR Class 6B SAR Class 6C SAR Class 6D SAR Class 6E SAR Class 6F SAR Class 6G SAR Class 6H SAR Class 6J SAR Class 6K SAR Class 6L SAR Class 6Y SAR Class 6Z SAR Class 7 SAR Class 7A SAR Class 7B SAR Class 7C SAR Class 7D SAR Class 7E SAR Class 7F SAR Class 8 SAR Class 8A SAR Class 8B SAR Class 8C SAR Class 8D SAR Class 8E SAR Class 8F SAR Class 8R SAR Class 8X SAR Class 8Y SAR Class 8Z SAR Class 9 SAR Class 10 SAR Class 10A SAR Class 10B SAR Class 10C SAR Class 10D SAR Class 11 SAR Class 12 SAR Class 12A SAR Class 12B SAR Class 13 SAR Class 14 SAR Class 14A SAR Class 14B SAR Class 14C 1st SAR Class 14C 2nd SAR Class 14C 3rd SAR Class 14C 4th SAR Class 15 SAR Class 15A SAR Class 15B SAR Class 15C SAR Class 15CA SAR Class 15E SAR Class 15F SAR Class 16 SAR Class 16A SAR Class 16B SAR Class 16C SAR Class 16D SAR Class 16DA 1928 SAR Class 16DA 1930 SAR Class 16E SAR Class 17 SAR Class 18 SAR Class 19 SAR Class 19A SAR Class 19B SAR Class 19C SAR Class 19D SAR Class 20 SAR Class 21 SAR Class 23 SAR Class 24 SAR Class 25 SAR Class 25NC SAR Class 26 SAR Katanga SWA 2-8-0

3' 6" gauge Articulated engines	CGR Fairlie CGR Kitson-Meyer SAR Class FC SAR Class FD SAR Class GA SAR Class GB SAR Class GC SAR Class GCA SAR Class GD SAR Class GDA SAR Class GE SAR Class GEA SAR Class GF SAR Class GG SAR Class GH SAR Class GK SAR Class GL SAR Class GM SAR Class GMA SAR Class GO SAR Class HF SAR Class KM SAR Class MA SAR Class MB SAR Class MC SAR Class MC1 SAR Class MD SAR Class ME SAR Class MF SAR Class MG SAR Class MH SAR Class MJ SAR Class MJ1 SAR Class U

2' 6" gauge	Cape Copper John King & Miner Cape Copper Britannia Cape Copper Caledonia Cape Copper Clara Cape Copper Condenser Cape Copper Scotia Namaqua Copper Pioneer Walvis Bay 2-4-2T Hope

2' & 600mm gauges	ACR Class NG-G16A CGR NG 0-4-0T CGR NG 0-6-0T CGR NG 4-6-2T CGR Type A 2-6-4T CGR Type C 0-4-0T NGR Class N 4-6-2T SAR Dutton SAR NG 0-4-0T SAR Class NG1 SAR Class NG2 SAR Class NG3 SAR Class NG4 SAR Class NG5 SAR Class NG6 SAR Class NG7 SAR Class NG8 SAR Class NG9 SAR Class NG10 SAR Class NG-G11 SAR Class NG-G12 SAR Class NG-G13 SAR Class NG-G14 SAR Class NG15 SAR Class NG-G16 SWA Class Ha SWA Class Hb SWA Class Hc SWA Class Hd SWA Jung SWA Zwillinge

Electric

Amcoal Class E38

Gas-electric

SAR Gas-electric

Diesel

3' 6" gauge Diesel-electric	PRASA Class Afro 4000 SAR Class DS SAR Class DS1 SAR Class 31-000 SAR Class 32-000 SAR Class 32-200 SAR Class 33-000 SAR Class 33-200 SAR Class 33-400 SAR Class 34-000 SAR Class 34-200 SAR Class 34-400 SAR Class 34-500 SAR Class 34-600 SAR Class 34-800 SAR Class 34-900 SAR Class 35-000 SAR Class 35-200 SAR Class 35-400 SAR Class 35-600 TFR Class 35-800 SAR Class 36-000 SAR Class 36-200 SAR Class 37-000 Spoornet Class 39-000 TFR Class 39-200 TFR Class 43-000 TFR Class 44-000

2' gauge Diesel-electric	SAR Class 91-000

3' 6" gauge Diesel-hydraulic	SAR Class 61-000

3' 6" gauge Electro-diesel	Spoornet Class 38-000

Diesel locomotives built by GE Transportation / GE Rail (GE)

Industrial and switch engines	60-ton boxcab 100-ton boxcab 600-hp centercab 1000-hp centercab DEY-2 EN-6 25-ton 35-ton 43-ton 44-ton 45-ton 50-ton 60-ton 65-ton 70-ton 80-ton 95-ton 100-ton 110-ton 125-ton 126-ton 128-ton 1800-hp transfer 2000-hp transfer U5B U6B

Universal Series	UM6B U9B U10B U12B U13B UD18 U18B U23B U25B U28B U30B U33B U36B UM12C U12C U14C U15C U17C U18C U18C1 U20C U20C1 U23C U25C U26C U28C U30C U33C U36C U50C U50

Passenger locomotives	U28CG U30CG U34CH P30CH B32-8WH Genesis series (P40DC, P32AC-DM, P42DC)

Dash 7 Series	B23-7 BQ23-7 B30-7 B30-7A B36-7 C30-7 C30-7A C36-7

Dash 8 Series	B32-8 B39-8 B40-8 B40-8W C32-8 C39-8 C40-8 C40-8M C40-8W C40-8.5W C41-8W C44-8W

Dash 9 Series	C40-9 C40-9W C44-9W BB40-9W C-38AChe

AC series	AC4400CW AC6000CW C30ACi C44ACi

Evolution Series	ES40ACi ES40DC ES44DC ES44DCi ES44AC ES44C4 ET44AC ES59ACi

PowerHaul Series	PH37ACmi PH37ACi PH37ACmai

Indonesian series	U18A1A C18MMi C20EMP CM20EMP

(see also: List of GE locomotives)

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