South African Class 3B 4-8-2

South African Classes 3B & 3BR 4-8-2

No. 1486 Maureen at Kloof, 6 June 2010

Type and origin
♠ Class 3B as built with a Belpaire firebox ♥ Class 3BR rebuilt with a Watson Standard boiler ♣ Steel firebox - ♦ Copper firebox
Power type	Steam
Designer	Natal Government Railways (D.A. Hendrie)
Builder	North British Locomotive Company
Serial number	19597-19601, 19688-19692
Model	Class 3B
Build date	1911-1912
Total produced	10

Specifications
Configuration	4-8-2 (Mountain)
Driver	2nd coupled axle
Gauge	3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) Cape gauge
Leading dia.	28 ¹⁄₂ in (724 mm)
Coupled dia.	45 ¹⁄₂ in (1,156 mm) as built 46 in (1,168 mm) retyred
Trailing dia.	30 in (762 mm)
Tender wheels	30 in (762 mm)
Wheelbase	55 ft 8 in (16,967 mm)
• Engine	30 ft 9 in (9,373 mm)
• Leading	6 ft (1,829 mm)
• Coupled	12 ft 9 in (3,886 mm)
• Tender	16 ft 6 in (5,029 mm)
• Tender bogie	4 ft 6 in (1,372 mm)
Length:
• Over couplers	63 ft 2 ³⁄₄ in (19,272 mm)
Height	♠ 12 ft 6 in (3,810 mm) ♥ 12 ft 4 ³⁄₄ in (3,778 mm)
Frame type	Plate
Axle load	♠ 15 LT 12 cwt (15,850 kg) ♥♦ 15 LT 11 cwt (15,800 kg)
• Leading	♠ 14 LT 2 cwt (14,330 kg) ♥♦ 14 LT 1 cwt (14,280 kg)
• 1st coupled	♠ 14 LT 10 cwt (14,730 kg) ♥♦ 14 LT 15 cwt (14,990 kg)
• 2nd coupled	♠ 15 LT 12 cwt (15,850 kg) ♥♦ 15 LT 11 cwt (15,800 kg)
• 3rd coupled	♠ 15 LT (15,240 kg) ♥♦ 15 LT 2 cwt (15,340 kg)
• 4th coupled	♠ 15 LT (15,240 kg) ♥♦ 14 LT 11 cwt (14,780 kg)
• Trailing	♠ 9 LT 10 cwt (9,652 kg) ♥♦ 10 LT 6 cwt (10,470 kg)
• Tender bogie	Bogie 1: 21 LT 14 cwt (22,050 kg) Bogie 2: 21 LT 16 cwt (22,150 kg)
• Tender axle	10 LT 18 cwt (11,070 kg)
Adhesive weight	♠ 60 LT 2 cwt (61,060 kg) ♥♦ 59 LT 19 cwt (60,910 kg)
Loco weight	♠ 83 LT 14 cwt (85,040 kg) w/o ♥♦ 84 LT 14 cwt (86,060 kg) w/o
Tender weight	43 LT 10 cwt (44,200 kg)
Total weight	♠ 127 LT 4 cwt (129,200 kg) ♥♦ 128 LT 4 cwt (130,300 kg)
Tender type	TM (2-axle bogies) TJ, TL, TM permitted
Fuel type	Coal
Fuel capacity	8 LT 5 cwt (8.4 t)
Water cap	4,000 imp gal (18,200 l)
Firebox type	♠ Belpaire - ♥ Round-top
• Firegrate area	♠ 34 sq ft (3.2 m²) ♥ 37 sq ft (3.4 m²)
Boiler:
• Model	♥ Watson Standard no. 2
• Pitch	♠ 7 ft 4 ¹⁄₂ in (2,248 mm) ♥ 7 ft 5 ¹⁄₂ in (2,273 mm)
• Diameter	♠ 5 ft 6 ¹⁄₈ in (1,680 mm) ♥ 5 ft 7 ¹⁄₂ in (1,714 mm)
• Tube plates	♠ 18 ft 6 in (5,639 mm) ♥♣ 19 ft 4 in (5,893 mm) ♥♦ 19 ft 3 ⁵⁄₈ in (5,883 mm)
• Small tubes	♠ 135: 2 ¹⁄₄ in (57 mm) ♥ 87: 2 ¹⁄₂ in (64 mm)
• Large tubes	♠ 24: 5 ¹⁄₂ in (140 mm) ♥ 30: 5 ¹⁄₂ in (140 mm)
Boiler pressure	♠ 185 psi (1,276 kPa) ♥ 190 psi (1,310 kPa)
Safety valve	♠ Ramsbottom ♥ Pop
Heating surface	♠ 2,245 sq ft (208.6 m²) ♥ 2,075 sq ft (192.8 m²)
• Tubes	♠ 2,110 sq ft (196 m²) ♥ 1,933 sq ft (179.6 m²)
• Firebox	♠ 135 sq ft (12.5 m²) ♥ 142 sq ft (13.2 m²)
Superheater:
• Heating area	♠ 617 sq ft (57.3 m²) ♥ 492 sq ft (45.7 m²)
Cylinders	Two
Cylinder size	22 in (559 mm) bore 24 in (610 mm) stroke
Valve gear	Walschaerts
Valve type	Piston
Couplers	Bell link-and-pin AAR knuckle (1950s)

Performance figures
Tractive effort	♠ 35,030 lbf (155.8 kN) @ 75% ♥ 35,980 lbf (160.0 kN) @ 75%

Career
Operators	South African Railways
Class	Class 3B & 3BR
Number in class	10
Numbers	1479-1488
Delivered	1912
First run	1912
Withdrawn	1976

The leading coupled axle had flangeless wheels

The South African Railways Class 3B 4-8-2 of 1912 was a steam locomotive.

In 1912, the South African Railways took delivery of ten Class 3B steam locomotives with a 4-8-2 Mountain type wheel arrangement, which had been ordered by the Natal Government Railways the year before.^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]

Manufacturer

With the experience gained from the sole experimental Class B American D locomotive, Natal Government Railways (NGR) Locomotive Superintendent D.A. Hendrie redesigned his Class Hendrie D and placed orders for ten locomotives with the North British Locomotive Company on 29 March 1911. These locomotives, which would have become the NGR's Class Superheated Hendrie D, were built in two batches of five and were all delivered in 1912, after the renumbering and reclassification of the locomotives of the constituent former Colonial railways into the South African Railways (SAR). Upon delivery, they were therefore taken directly onto the SAR roster, numbered in the range from 1479 to 1488 and designated Class 3B. The first of these engines entered service in February 1912.^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]

Characteristics

Like the NGR Class Hendrie D which it was based on, later the SAR Class 3, the Class 3B had plate frames, Walschaerts valve gear and Belpaire fireboxes. They were, however, the first of Hendrie's designs to have superheaters and, as a result, piston valves instead of slide valves. They also sported a new design of leading bogie, with cast-steel framing and three-point suspension links.^[1]^[2]^[4]

D.A. Hendrie

To accommodate the redesigned cylinders and the necessary alteration to the Walschaerts valve gear, the running boards had to be raised to clear the steam chests and motion, which resulted in the gentle sweeps at either end, with the running boards dropping down to the buffer beam and below the cab. These curves became a Hendrie hallmark and enhanced the appearance of the locomotive. The engines were also equipped with a new design of leading bogie, with cast steel frames and three-point suspension links. In other respects, however, they were practically identical to the Class 3.^[1]^[2]^[4]

The locomotives were delivered with Type TM tenders, with an 8 long tons 5 hundredweight (8.4 tonnes) coal capacity and a 4,000 imperial gallons (18,200 litres) water capacity. When the coupled wheels were retyred, their diameter on tread was increased from 45 ¹⁄₂ to 46 inches (1,156 to 1,168 millimetres). This reduced their tractive effort to 35,030 pounds-force (155.8 kilonewtons) at 75% of boiler pressure, which was set at 185 pounds per square inch (1,276 kilopascals). The engines, as built, had flangeless wheels on the leading coupled axle, but these were subsequently also flanged, as shown in official SAR dimensional locomotive drawings.^[2]^[6]^[7]

The Class 3B 4-8-2 Mountain type, as built with a Belpaire firebox and superheater, became the forerunner of the most numerous basic type of steam locomotive to be used in South Africa.^[8]

Watson Standard boilers

In the 1930s, many serving locomotives were reboilered with a standard boiler type, designed by then Chief Mechanical Engineer (CME) A.G. Watson as part of his standardisation policy. Such Watson Standard reboilered locomotives were reclassified by adding an "R" suffix to their classification.^[4]^[6]^[7]

When all ten Class 3B locomotives were eventually reboilered with Watson Standard no. 2 boilers, they were therefore reclassified to Class 3BR. Reboilering raised their boiler pitch by 1 inch (25 millimetres), while the boiler pressure was set at 190 pounds per square inch (1,310 kilopascals). Their original Belpaire boilers were fitted with Ramsbottom safety valves, while the Watson Standard boiler was fitted with Pop safety valves. Probably at the same time, their Type TM tenders were rebuilt to the more attractive smooth-sided Type TL tenders. The most obvious visual difference between an original and a Watson Standard reboilered locomotive is usually a rectangular regulator cover, just to the rear of the chimney on the reboilered locomotive. In the case of the Class 3BR locomotive, an even more obvious visual distinction is the absence of the Belpaire firebox hump between the cab and the boiler.^[2]^[6]^[7]^[8]

Service

South African Railways

The Class 3B was placed in service on the upper section of the Natal mainline. They were later also used in the Eastern Transvaal and the Eastern Cape. Towards the end of their service lives, they ended up in Cape Town, where they were used as shunting engines, until the last ones were withdrawn from SAR service by 1976.^[4]^[8]

Industrial

Most of them ended up in service on South Africa's coal and gold mines. Only one of them had been withdrawn by April 1973. At the time when the other nine began to be withdrawn from railway service, the world oil crisis of the mid-1970s had erupted and all nine were virtually snapped up by industrial users, responding to the South African Government's call to save oil by using alternative sources of energy. Ironically, at the same time, the State-owned SAR was replacing steam with diesel-electric locomotives.^[8]

The ten individual locomotives were disposed of as follows:^[8]^[9]

No. 1479 was scrapped by 1973 and not sold.
No. 1480 went to Vaal Reefs at Orkney as no. 4.
No. 1481 went to Landau Colliery at Witbank as no. 3 and was eventually staged at Landau for the South African National Railway And Steam Museum (SANRASM).
No. 1482 went to Western Holdings as no. 7 and later to Freegold North as no. 8.
No. 1483 went to Blesbok Colliery as no. 3, later to Springbok Colliery and was eventually staged at ESKOM's Komati Power Station for SANRASM.
No. 1484 went to Springbok Colliery as Hope, then to Southern Cross Steel, then to Umgala Colliery as no. 8 and was eventually staged by SANRASM at Krugersdorp.
No. 1485 went to Free State Saaiplaas Gold Mine as no. 1 and was eventually staged at Odendaalsrus.
No. 1486 went to Western Holdings as no. 5, later to Umgala Colliery, and was eventually acquired by Umgeni Steam Railway at Pinetown and restored as their engine Maureen.
No. 1487 went to Free State Geduld as no. 5, later to Freegold North as no. 9 and was eventually staged at Odendaalsrus.
No. 1488 went to Vaal Reefs at Orkney as no. 5.

Illustration

The main picture shows Umgeni Steam Railway's Class 3BR no. 1486 Maureen at Kloof station on 6 June 2010, while the following show the Class in its original as-delivered SAR livery and in two of the mining liveries which were applied to it while in industrial service.

Class 3B, as built with Belpaire firebox and Type TM tender, c. 1912
Reboilered Class 3BR, ex SAR no. 1485, as Free State Saaiplaas Gold Mine no. 1, Odendaalsrus, 29 May 2005
Reboilered Class 3BR, ex SAR no. 1487, as Freegold North Gold Mine no. 9, Odendaalsrus, 29 May 2005

References

1 2 3 4 Holland, D.F. (1972). Steam Locomotives of the South African Railways, Volume 2: 1910-1955 (1st ed.). Newton Abbott, Devon: David & Charles. p. 20. ISBN 978-0-7153-5427-8.
1 2 3 4 5 6 Espitalier, T.J.; Day, W.A.J. (1945). The Locomotive in South Africa - A Brief History of Railway Development. Chapter VII - South African Railways (Continued). South African Railways and Harbours Magazine, June 1945. pp. 431-432.
1 2 Classification of S.A.R. Engines with Renumbering Lists, issued by the Chief Mechanical Engineer's Office, Pretoria, January 1912, pp. 8, 12, 15, 46 (Reprinted in April 1987 by SATS Museum, R.3125-6/9/11-1000)
1 2 3 4 5 6 Paxton, Leith; Bourne, David (1985). Locomotives of the South African Railways (1st ed.). Cape Town: Struik. p. 36. ISBN 0869772112.
↑ North British Locomotive Company works list, compiled by Austrian locomotive historian Bernhard Schmeiser
1 2 3 South African Railways & Harbours/Suid Afrikaanse Spoorweë en Hawens (15 Aug 1941). Locomotive Diagram Book/Lokomotiefdiagramboek, 3'6" Gauge/Spoorwydte. SAR/SAS Mechanical Department/Werktuigkundige Dept. Drawing Office/Tekenkantoor, Pretoria. p. 43.
1 2 3 South African Railways & Harbours/Suid Afrikaanse Spoorweë en Hawens (15 Aug 1941). Locomotive Diagram Book/Lokomotiefdiagramboek, 2'0" & 3'6" Gauge/Spoorwydte, Steam Locomotives/Stoomlokomotiewe. SAR/SAS Mechanical Department/Werktuigkundige Dept. Drawing Office/Tekenkantoor, Pretoria. pp. 6a-7a, 41, 43.
1 2 3 4 5 Durrant, A E (1989). Twilight of South African Steam (1st ed.). Newton Abbott, London: David & Charles. p. 56. ISBN 0715386387.
↑ Middleton, John N. (2002). Railways of Southern Africa Locomotive Guide - 2002 (as amended by Combined Amendment List 4, January 2009) (2nd, Dec 2002 ed.). Herts, England: Beyer-Garratt Publications. p. 19.

Wikimedia Commons has media related to South African Class 3B (4-8-2).

Locomotives of South Africa

Steam

7' ¼" gauge	East London 0-4-0VB Table Bay 0-4-0ST Table Bay 0-4-0T Table Bay 0-4-0WT

4' 8½" gauge	Cape 0-4-0T Blackie Cape 0-4-2 Cape 2-4-0T CGR 0-4-0ST Aid Natal 0-4-0ST Durban Natal 0-4-0WT Natal Natal 4-4-0T Perseverance

3' 6" gauge Tank engines	CGR 0-4-0ST 1873 CGR 0-4-0ST 1874 CGR 0-4-0ST 1881 CGR 0-4-0ST 1881 Coffee Pot CGR 0-6-0ST CGR 0-6-0T CGR 2-6-0ST 1900 CGR 2-6-0ST 1902 CGR 1st Class 0-4-0ST 1875 CGR 1st Class 0-4-0ST 1876 CGR 1st Class 2-6-0ST CGR 1st Class 4-4-0T CGR 2nd Class 4-4-0T CGR 3rd Class 2-6-0T CGR Railmotor CSAR Class C CSAR Class E CSAR Rack 4-6-4RT CSAR Railmotor Durban's Congella Durban's Edward Innes Durban's John Milne Durban's Sir Albert Port Elizabeth 0-4-0ST Kowie Railway 0-6-0T Kowie Railway 4-4-0T Metropolitan & Suburban 4-6-2T NGR 2-6-0T Durban & Pietermaritzburg NGR Class I 2-6-2T NGR Class K 0-4-0ST NGR Class K 0-6-0ST NGR Class K 2-6-0T NZASM 10 Tonner NZASM 13 Tonner NZASM 14 Tonner NZASM 18 Tonner NZASM 19 Tonner NZASM 32 Tonner NZASM 40 Tonner PPR 26 Tonner PPR 35 Tonner Portuguese SAR Class A SAR Class B SAR Class C SAR Class C1 SAR Class C2 SAR Class D SAR Class E SAR Class F SAR Class G SAR Class H SAR Class H1 SAR Class H2 SAR Class J SAR Class K SAR Railmotor SAR Dock 0-4-0ST SAR Dock 0-4-0T SWA 2-8-0T

3' 6" gauge Tender engines	CGR 1st Class 2-6-0 1876 BP CGR 1st Class 2-6-0 1876 Kitson CGR 1st Class 2-6-0 1879 CGR 1st Class 2-6-0 1891 CGR 1st Class 4-4-0 CGR 1st Class 4-4-0TT CGR 2nd Class 2-6-2TT CGR 3rd Class 4-4-0 1883 CGR 3rd Class 4-4-0 1884 CGR 3rd Class 4-4-0 1889 CGR 3rd Class 4-4-0 1898 CGR 3rd Class 4-4-0 1901 CGR 3rd Class 4-4-0 1903 CGR 4th Class 4-4-2 CGR 4th Class 4-6-0TT 1880 CGR 4th Class 4-6-0TT 1882 CGR 4th Class 4-6-0TT 1882 Joy CGR 4th Class 4-6-0TT 1884 CGR 5th Class 4-6-0 1890 CGR 5th Class 4-6-0 1891 NGR Havelock NGR Class I SAR Class Exp 1 SAR Class Exp 2 SAR Class Exp 3 SAR Class Exp 4 SAR Class Exp 5 SAR Class Exp 6 SAR Class S SAR Class S1 SAR Class S2 SAR Class 1 SAR Class 1A SAR Class 1B SAR Class 2 SAR Class 2C SAR Class 3 SAR Class 3A SAR Class 3B SAR Class 4 SAR Class 4A SAR Class 5 SAR Class 5A SAR Class 5B SAR Class 6 SAR Class 6A SAR Class 6B SAR Class 6C SAR Class 6D SAR Class 6E SAR Class 6F SAR Class 6G SAR Class 6H SAR Class 6J SAR Class 6K SAR Class 6L SAR Class 6Y SAR Class 6Z SAR Class 7 SAR Class 7A SAR Class 7B SAR Class 7C SAR Class 7D SAR Class 7E SAR Class 7F SAR Class 8 SAR Class 8A SAR Class 8B SAR Class 8C SAR Class 8D SAR Class 8E SAR Class 8F SAR Class 8R SAR Class 8X SAR Class 8Y SAR Class 8Z SAR Class 9 SAR Class 10 SAR Class 10A SAR Class 10B SAR Class 10C SAR Class 10D SAR Class 11 SAR Class 12 SAR Class 12A SAR Class 12B SAR Class 13 SAR Class 14 SAR Class 14A SAR Class 14B SAR Class 14C 1st SAR Class 14C 2nd SAR Class 14C 3rd SAR Class 14C 4th SAR Class 15 SAR Class 15A SAR Class 15B SAR Class 15C SAR Class 15CA SAR Class 15E SAR Class 15F SAR Class 16 SAR Class 16A SAR Class 16B SAR Class 16C SAR Class 16D SAR Class 16DA 1928 SAR Class 16DA 1930 SAR Class 16E SAR Class 17 SAR Class 18 SAR Class 19 SAR Class 19A SAR Class 19B SAR Class 19C SAR Class 19D SAR Class 20 SAR Class 21 SAR Class 23 SAR Class 24 SAR Class 25 SAR Class 25NC SAR Class 26 SAR Katanga SWA 2-8-0

3' 6" gauge Articulated engines	CGR Fairlie CGR Kitson-Meyer SAR Class FC SAR Class FD SAR Class GA SAR Class GB SAR Class GC SAR Class GCA SAR Class GD SAR Class GDA SAR Class GE SAR Class GEA SAR Class GF SAR Class GG SAR Class GH SAR Class GK SAR Class GL SAR Class GM SAR Class GMA SAR Class GO SAR Class HF SAR Class KM SAR Class MA SAR Class MB SAR Class MC SAR Class MC1 SAR Class MD SAR Class ME SAR Class MF SAR Class MG SAR Class MH SAR Class MJ SAR Class MJ1 SAR Class U

2' 6" gauge	Cape Copper John King & Miner Cape Copper Britannia Cape Copper Caledonia Cape Copper Clara Cape Copper Condenser Cape Copper Scotia Namaqua Copper Pioneer Walvis Bay 2-4-2T Hope

2' & 600mm gauges	ACR Class NG-G16A CGR NG 0-4-0T CGR NG 0-6-0T CGR NG 4-6-2T CGR Type A 2-6-4T CGR Type C 0-4-0T NGR Class N 4-6-2T SAR Dutton SAR NG 0-4-0T SAR Class NG1 SAR Class NG2 SAR Class NG3 SAR Class NG4 SAR Class NG5 SAR Class NG6 SAR Class NG7 SAR Class NG8 SAR Class NG9 SAR Class NG10 SAR Class NG-G11 SAR Class NG-G12 SAR Class NG-G13 SAR Class NG-G14 SAR Class NG15 SAR Class NG-G16 SWA Class Ha SWA Class Hb SWA Class Hc SWA Class Hd SWA Jung SWA Zwillinge

Electric

Amcoal Class E38

Gas-electric

SAR Gas-electric

Diesel

3' 6" gauge Diesel-electric	PRASA Class Afro 4000 SAR Class DS SAR Class DS1 SAR Class 31-000 SAR Class 32-000 SAR Class 32-200 SAR Class 33-000 SAR Class 33-200 SAR Class 33-400 SAR Class 34-000 SAR Class 34-200 SAR Class 34-400 SAR Class 34-500 SAR Class 34-600 SAR Class 34-800 SAR Class 34-900 SAR Class 35-000 SAR Class 35-200 SAR Class 35-400 SAR Class 35-600 TFR Class 35-800 SAR Class 36-000 SAR Class 36-200 SAR Class 37-000 Spoornet Class 39-000 TFR Class 39-200 TFR Class 43-000 TFR Class 44-000

2' gauge Diesel-electric	SAR Class 91-000

3' 6" gauge Diesel-hydraulic	SAR Class 61-000

3' 6" gauge Electro-diesel	Spoornet Class 38-000

South African steam locomotive tenders

Cape gauge	Type CL Type CZ Type ET Type ET1 Type EW Type EW1 Type EW2 Type FT Type GT Type HT Type JT Type JT1 Type JV Type KT Type LP Type MP Type MP1 Type MR Type MS Type MT Type MT1 Type MT2 Type MX Type MY Type MY1 Type SH Type SK Type TJ Type TL Type TM Type WE Type WG Type X-17 Type X-20 Type XC Type XC1 Type XD Type XE Type XE1 Type XF Type XF1 Type XF2 Type XJ Type XM Type XM1 Type XM2 Type XM3 Type XM4 Type XP1 Type XS Type YB Type YC Type YE Type YE1 Type ZA Type ZB Type ZC Type ZE

List of South African locomotive classes South African locomotive history

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